Badea Nicoleta
@chimie.upb.ro
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotehnologies, General Chemistry Deparment
University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Chemical Engineering, Chemical Health and Safety, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Angela Gabriela Păun, Valeria Petrina, Nicoleta Badea, Camelia Ungureanu, Simona Popescu, and Cristina Dumitriu
MDPI AG
The early loss of dental implants can be avoided with systemic antibiotics, however there are potentially significant side effects. Consequently, the use of local drug administration techniques is necessary to make dental implant therapy more practical. In this study, Y-branched nanotubes were prepared by non-expensive and simple anodization in two steps. Tests were performed to highlight their potential for local antibiotic administration. Y-branched nanotubes were able to incorporate a dose of Tetracycline and ensure its electrochemical stability. The presence of tetracycline significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy, resulting in an increase of up to 55% for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 50% for Staphylococcus aureus. The comparable antibacterial effects of the nanostructured surfaces highlight the potential of tetracycline in promoting antimicrobial action. Moreover, the addition of tetracycline does not influence the structural, morphological and stability properties of the nanostructured deposited TiO2 films.
Simona Crișan, Anca Lucia Pop, Ioana Lacatusu, Nicoleta Badea, Cosmin Mustaciosu, Mihai Radu, Valentin Nicolae Varlas, Ovidiu Nicolae Peneş, Anne Marie Ciobanu, Manuela Ghica,et al.
MDPI AG
In recent years, nanoparticles have gained significant importance due to their unique properties, such as pharmacological, electrical, optical, and magnetic abilities, contributing to the growth of the science and technology sector. Particular naturally derived biomolecules with beneficial effects on menopause disorder have been the subject of studies of pharmaceutical formulation to obtain alternative pharmaceutical forms with increased bioavailability and without side effects, as in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with such active ingredients. In the present study, one stage of a broader project, we have performed pharmacotoxicology studies for six combinatory innovative nanocapsule pharmaceutical forms containing active natural biomolecules before considering them as oral formulas for (1) in vitro toxicity studies on culture cells and (2) in vivo preclinical studies on a surgically induced menopause model of Wistar female rats, and the influence of the NLCs on key biochemical parameters: lipid profile (TG, Chol, HDL), glycemic markers (Gli), bone markers (Pac, Palc, Ca, phosphorus), renal markers (Crea, urea, URAC), inflammation (TNF), oxidative stress (GSH, MDA), and estrogen–progesterone hormonal profile. The micronucleus test did not reveal the genotoxicity of the tested compounds; the menopause model showed no significant safety concerns for the six tested formulas evaluated using the blood biochemical parameters; and the results showed the potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypouricemic, and antioxidant potential of one of the tested formulas containing nano diosgenin and glycyrrhizic acid.
Mihaela Cristina Lite, Roxana Constantinescu, Elena Cornelia Tănăsescu, Andrei Kuncser, Cosmin Romanițan, Dan Eduard Mihaiescu, Ioana Lacatusu, and Nicoleta Badea
MDPI AG
The use of bio-based reagents for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) production has gained much attention among researchers as it has paved the way for environmentally friendly approaches at low cost for synthesizing nanomaterials while maintaining their properties. In this study, Stellaria media aqueous extract was used for silver nanoparticle phyto-synthesis, and the resulting treatment was applied to textile fabrics to test its antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi strains. The chromatic effect was also established by determining the L*a*b* parameters. For optimizing the synthesis, different ratios of extract to silver precursor were tested using UV-Vis spectroscopy to observe the SPR-specific band. Moreover, the AgNP dispersions were tested for their antioxidant properties using chemiluminescence and TEAC methods, and the phenolic content was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocâlteu method. For the optimal ratio, values of average size, 50.11 ± 3.25 nm, zeta potential, −27.10 ± 2.16 mV, and polydispersity index, 0.209, were obtained via the DLS technique and zeta potential measurements. AgNPs were further characterized by EDX and XRD techniques to confirm their formation and by microscopic techniques to evaluate their morphology. TEM measurements revealed cvasi-spherical particles with sizes in the range of 10–30 nm, while SEM images confirmed their uniform distribution on the textile fiber surface.
Teodora-Alexandra Iordache, Nicoleta Badea, Mirela Mihaila, Simona Crisan, Anca Lucia Pop, and Ioana Lacatusu
MDPI AG
The main objective of this study was the testing of natural compounds, such as Polygonum cuspidatum (PgnC) loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which can act as a “double-edged sword” aimed at simultaneously combating dangerous free radicals and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resveratrol-rich PgnC extract was paired with another phytochemical, Diosgenin (DSG), in NLC. The lipid nanocarriers carrying both herbals (NLC-DSG-PgnC) had spherical diameters (100 ± 2 50 nm), a polydispersity index of ~0.15, and electrokinetic potentials greater than −46.5 mV. Entrapment efficiencies of 65% for PgnC and 87% for DSG were determined by chromatographic and UV-Vis spectroscopy assays. Cell cytotoxicity analysis proved that 50 µg/mL of NLC-PgnC and dual-NLC ensured a biocompatible effect like the untreated cells. The dual-NLC assured a much slower in vitro release of DSG and PgnC (67% PgnC and 48% DSG) than the individual-NLC (78% PgnC and 47% DSG) after 4 h of experiments. NLC encapsulating PgnC presented a superior ability to capture cationic radicals: 74.5 and 77.9%. The chemiluminescence results pointed out the non-involvement of DSG in stopping oxygenated free radicals, while the antioxidant activity was maintained at a level higher than 97% for dual-NLC. NLC-DSG-PgnC ensured a promising capacity for inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, ranging from 91.9 to 94.9%.
Robert Tincu, Mirela Mihaila, Marinela Bostan, Florina Teodorescu, Daniela Istrati, Nicoleta Badea, and Ioana Lacatusu
MDPI AG
A novel nanoscale approach was developed for the improved cellular internalization of hybrid bovine serum albumin–lipid nanocarriers loaded with piperine (NLC-Pip–BSA) in different tumor cells. The effect of the BSA-targeted–NLC-Pip and untargeted-NLC-Pip on the viability, proliferation, and levels of cell-cycle damage and apoptosis in the colon (LoVo), ovarian (SKOV3) and breast (MCF7) adenocarcinoma cell lines was comparatively discussed. NLCs were characterized concerning particle size, morphology, zeta potential, phytochemical encapsulation efficiency, ATR-FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that NLC-Pip–BSA showed a mean size below 140 nm, a zeta potential of −60 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 81.94% for NLC-Pip and 80.45% for NLC-Pip–BSA. Fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the coating of the NLC with the albumin. By MTS and RTCA assays, NLC-Pip–BSA showed a more pronounced response against the LoVo colon cell line and MCF-7 breast tumor cell lines than against the ovarian SKOV-3 cell line. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that the targeted NLC-Pip had more cytotoxicity and improved apoptosis than the untargeted ones in MCF-7 tumor cells (p < 0.05). NLC-Pip caused a significant increase in MCF-7 breast tumor cell apoptosis of ~8X, while NLC-Pip–BSA has shown an 11-fold increase in apoptosis.
Irina Zgura, Nicoleta Badea, Monica Enculescu, Valentin-Adrian Maraloiu, Camelia Ungureanu, and Marcela-Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu
MDPI AG
Green nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field linked to using the principles of green chemistry to design novel nanomaterials with great potential in environmental and health protection. In this work, metal and semiconducting particles (AuNPs, AgClNPs, ZnO, AuZnO, AgClZnO, and AuAgClZnO) were phytosynthesized through a “green” bottom-up approach, using burdock (Arctium lappa L.) aqueous extract. The morphological (SEM/TEM), structural (XRD, SAED), compositional (EDS), optical (UV–Vis absorption and FTIR spectroscopy), photocatalytic, and bio-properties of the prepared composites were analyzed. The particle size was determined by SEM/TEM and by DLS measurements. The phytoparticles presented high and moderate physical stability, evaluated by zeta potential measurements. The investigation of photocatalytic activity of these composites, using Rhodamine B solutions’ degradation under solar light irradiation in the presence of prepared powders, showed different degradation efficiencies. Bioevaluation of the obtained composites revealed the antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The tricomponent system AuAgClZnO showed the best antioxidant activity for capturing ROS and ABTS•+ radicals, and the best biocidal action against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The “green” developed composites can be considered potential adjuvants in biomedical (antioxidant or biocidal agents) or environmental (as antimicrobial agents and catalysts for degradation of water pollutants) applications.
Georgeta Predeanu, Valerica Slăvescu, Marius Florin Drăgoescu, Niculina Mihaela Bălănescu, Alexandru Fiti, Aurelia Meghea, Petrisor Samoila, Valeria Harabagiu, Maria Ignat, Ana-Maria Manea-Saghin,et al.
MDPI AG
Huge amounts of vegetable waste, mainly resulting from the food industry, need large areas for storage, as they could cause hazardous environmental impact, leading to soil and water pollution or to CO2 emissions during accidental incineration. This work was aimed at recycling certain lignocellulosic waste (walnut shells, kernels of peach, apricot, and olive) to design advanced carbon material precursors (ACMP) to be used for obtaining nano-powders with high applicative potential in pollution abatement. Both waste and ACMP were characterized using proximate and elemental analysis, and by optical microscopy. Complex characterization of raw materials by FTIR, TGA-DTG, and SEM analysis were carried out. The ACMP were synthetized at 600–700 °C by innovative microwave heating technology which offers the advantages of lower energy consumption using 3.3 kW equipment at laboratory level. The ACMP ash < 3% and increased carbon content of 87% enabled the development of an extended pore network depending on degassing conditions during heating. TEM analysis revealed a well-developed porous structure of the synthesized ACMP carbonaceous materials. Due to the presence of oxygen functional groups, ACMPs exhibit adsorption properties highlighted by an iodine index of max. 500 mg/g and surface area BET of 300 m2/g, which make them attractive for removal of environmental pollutants such as dyes having molecule sizes below 2 nm and ions with pore dimensions below 1 nm, widely used industrially and found in underground waters (NO3−) or waste waters (SO42−).
MIHAELA-CRISTINA LITE, RODICA ROXANA CONSTANTINESCU, NICOLETA BADEA, ELENA-CORNELIA TĂNĂSESCU, IRINA-MARIANA SĂNDULACHE, and OVIDIU GEORGE IORDACHE
The National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather
The use of “green” reagents for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis represents an attractive alternative to conventional methods, due to the abundance of available biomass with reducing properties. Herein, a flavonoid compound, hesperidin, was used to produce AgNPs, and the resulting dispersion was applied to textile fabrics and tested for its antimicrobial properties. Different ratios of flavonoid to the silver precursor (v:v) were prepared. The formation of the nanoparticles was indicated by the presence of the SPR specific band in the UV–Vis spectra. For the synthesis optimization, the DLS technique was used to determine the size and polydispersity of the AgNPs, while zeta potential measurements were performed to assess their physical stability. For the dispersion with the optimal ratio, particles with the average size (Zav ) of 93.55±3.51 nm were obtained, with a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.259. For this ratio, the value of the zeta potential (ξ.) was –28.80±1.54 mV, indicating that the dispersion is physically stable. The nanoparticles were further characterized using SEM-EDS techniques to confirm the particles' nature and evaluate their morphology. The AgNPs were deposited on textile samples, by direct soaking into the dispersion. The distribution of the AgNPs on the textile samples fibres was evaluated by SEM and the chromatic parameters L*a*b* were determined compared to the untreated samples. Antimicrobial tests were conducted against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis strains, according to the ISO 20743:2013 standard, and percentages of bacterial reduction up to 99.99% were obtained.
ANCA LUCIA POP
Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice din Romania
Mihaela Cristina Lite, Rodica Roxana Constantinescu, Elena Cornelia Tănăsescu, Andrei Kuncser, Cosmin Romanițan, Ioana Lăcătuşu, and Nicoleta Badea
MDPI AG
The present study aims to bring an addition to biomass resources valorization for environmental-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles. Thus, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed, using a novel and effective reducing agent, Primula officinalis extract. The synthesis was optimized by monitoring the characteristic absorption bands, using UV–Vis spectroscopy, and by evaluating the size and physical stability. The phenolic consumption was established using Folin-Ciocâlteu method (1.40 ± 0.42 mg, representing ~5% from the total amount of poly--phenols) and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using chemiluminescence and TEAC methods. The optimum ratio extract to Ag ions was 1:3, for which the AgNPs presented a zeta potential value of −29.3 ± 1.2 mV and particles size of 5–30 nm. For characterization, EDS and XRD techniques were used, along with microscopy techniques (TEM). The AgNPs dispersions were applied on natural textile samples (cotton and wool), as a novel antimicrobial treatment for textile preservation. The treated fabrics were further characterized in terms of chromatic parameters and antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Penicillium hirsutum strains. The high percentages of bacterial reduction, >99%, revealed that the AgNPs produced are a good candidate for textiles preservation against microbial degradation.
Angela Gabriela Olaru, Valeria Butculescu, Cristina Dumitriu, Nicoleta Badea, Simona Popescu, Camelia Ungureanu, and Cristian Pirvu
Elsevier BV
Marcela-Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu, Nicoleta Badea, and Irina Zgura
MDPI AG
Today, humanity is facing serious problems due to the environmental pollution [...]
Ioana Lacatusu, Brindusa Balanuca, Andrada Serafim, Cristina Ott, Mariana Prodana, and Nicoleta Badea
MDPI AG
Conventional and herbal active principles can be combined in a beneficial harmony using their best features and compensating for the certain weaknesses of each. The study will answer the question, “how can willow bark extract (Wbe) or ivy leaf extract (Ile) influence the photoprotective, skin permeation and hydration properties of Bioactive Lipid Nanocarriers (BLN) loaded with UV-filters and selected herbals?”. BLN-Wbe/Ile-UV-filters were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, thermal behavior, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. The formulated BLN-hydrogels (HG) were subjected to in vitro release and permeation experiments. The in vitro determination of sun protection factors, as well as comparative in vitro photostability tests, rheology behavior and in vivo hydration status have been also considered for hydrogels containing BLN-Ile/Wbe-UV-filters. Photoprotection of BLN-HG against UVA rays was more pronounced as compared with the UVB (UVA-PF reached values of 30, while the maximum SPF value was 13). The in vitro irradiation study demonstrated the photostability of BLN-HG under UV exposure. A noteworthy cosmetic efficacy was detected by in vivo skin test (hydration effect reached 97% for the BLN-Wbe-UV-filters prepared with pomegranate oil). The research novelty, represented by the first-time co-optation of the active herbal extracts (Wbe and Ile) together with two synthetic filters in the same nanostructured delivery system, will provide appropriate scientific support for the cosmetic industry to design novel marketed formulations with improved quality and health benefices.
MIHAELA CRISTINA LITE, RODICA ROXANA CONSTANTINESCU, ELENA CORNELIA TANASESCU, OVIDIU GEORGE IORDACHE, and NICOLETA BADEA
The National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather
Continuous research is necessary for the field of cultural heritage conservation to maintain up-to-date knowledge regarding new treatments and methods for preserving artefacts. Cultural heritage conservation is not only necessary for preserving the memory of our predecessors but is also meaningful for future generations. History museums around the world contain impressive collections of heritage textiles in various stages of degradation. The main method of preservation is maintaining the objects a microclimate to limit degradation by adjusting the temperature, humidity, and brightness of the rooms in which they are exposed or stored. Biodegradation is influenced by the presence of microorganisms, the availability of oxygen, temperature, humidity, light, and chemical factors (pH, electrolytes, etc.). This paper aims to provide scientific information on how heritage textiles have been studied and characterized, as well as the methods of preservation reported in the literature. Particular attention is being paid to nanomaterials, as they have been intensively studied for various applications and demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial effects, which can be utilized to treat heritage objects and slow down degradation processes.
LUCIA MARINA CRISTINA COC
Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice din Romania
Teodora-Alexandra Iordache, Nicoleta Badea, Mirela Mihaila, Simona Crisan, Anca Lucia Pop, and Ioana Lacatusu
MDPI AG
There is ongoing research on various herbal bioactives and delivery systems which indicates that both lipid nanocarriers and herbal medicines will be fine tunned and integrated for future bio-medical applications. The current study was undertaken to systematically develop NLC-DSG-yam extract for the improved efficacy of herbal Diosgenin (DSG) in the management of anti-inflammatory disorders. NLCs were characterized regarding the mean size of the particles, morphological characteristics, physical stability in time, thermal behaviour, and entrapment efficiency of the herbal bioactive. Encapsulation efficiency and in vitro antioxidant activity measured the differences between the individual and dual co-loaded-NLC, the co-loaded one assuring a prolonged controlled release of DSG and a more emphasized ability of capturing short-life reactive oxygen species (ROS). NLCs safety properties were monitored following the in vitro MTS ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction assay) and RTCA (Real-Time Cell Analysis) assays. Concentrations less than 50 μg/mL showed no cytotoxic effects during in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Besides, the NLC-DSG-yam extract revealed a great anti-inflammatory effect, as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) was significantly inhibited at 50 μg/mL NLC (e.g., 98.2% ± 1.07 inhibition of TNF-α, while for IL-6 the inhibition percentage was of 62% ± 1.07). Concluding, using appropriate lipid nanocarriers, the most desirable properties of herbal bioactives could be improved.
Ioana Lacatusu, Teodora Alexandra Iordache, Mirela Mihaila, Dan Eduard Mihaiescu, Anca Lucia Pop, and Nicoleta Badea
MDPI AG
Although many phytochemicals have been used in traditional medicine, there is a great need to refresh the health benefits and adjust the shortcomings of herbal medicine. In this research, two herbal principles (Diosgenin and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract) coopted in the Nanostructured Lipid Carriers have been developed for improving the most desirable properties of herbal medicine—antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The contribution of phytochemicals, vegetable oils and of lipid matrices has been highlighted by comparative study of size, stability, entrapment efficiency, morphological characteristics, and thermal behavior. According to the in vitro MTS and RTCA results, the dual herbal-NLCs were no cytotoxic toward endothelial cells at concentrations between 25 and 100 µg/mL. A rapid release of Glycyrrhiza glabra and a motivated delay of Diosgenin was detected by the in vitro release experiments. Dual herbal-NLCs showed an elevated ability to annihilate long-life cationic radicals (ABTS•+) and short-life oxygenated radicals (an inhibition of 63.4% ABTS•+, while the ability to capture radical oxygen species reached 96%). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly inhibited by the newly herbals-NLC (up to 97.9% inhibition of TNF-α and 62.5% for IL-6). The study may open a new pharmacotherapy horizon; it provides a comprehensive basis for the use of herbal-NLC in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Marcela-Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu, Yulia Gorshkova, Camelia Ungureanu, Nicoleta Badea, Gizo Bokuchava, Andrada Lazea-Stoyanova, Mihaela Bacalum, Alexander Zhigunov, and Sanja Petrovic
MDPI AG
The phyto-development of nanomaterials is one of the main challenges for scientists today, as it offers unusual properties and multifunctionality. The originality of our paper lies in the study of new materials based on biomimicking lipid bilayers loaded with chlorophyll, chitosan, and turmeric-generated nano-silver/silver chloride particles. These materials showed a good free radical scavenging capacity between 76.25 and 93.26% (in vitro tested through chemiluminescence method) and a good antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis bacterium (IZ > 10 mm). The anticancer activity of our developed bio-based materials was investigated against two cancer cell lines (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells HT-29, and human liver carcinoma cells HepG2) and compared to one healthy cell line (human fibroblast BJ cell line). Cell viability was evaluated for all prepared materials after a 24 h treatment and was used to select the biohybrid with the highest therapeutic index (TI); additionally, the hemolytic activity of the samples was also evaluated. Finally, we investigated the morphological changes induced by the developed materials against the cell lines studied. Biophysical studies on these materials were done by correlating UV–Vis and FTIR absorption spectroscopy, with XRD, SANS, and SAXS methods, and with information provided by microscopic techniques (AFM, SEM/EDS). In conclusion, these “green” developed hybrid systems are an important alternative in cancer treatment, and against health problems associated with drug-resistant infections.
Yulia Gorshkova, Marcela-Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu, Gizo Bokuchava, Nicoleta Badea, Camelia Ungureanu, Andrada Lazea-Stoyanova, Mina Răileanu, Mihaela Bacalum, Vitaly Turchenko, Alexander Zhigunov,et al.
MDPI AG
Silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgClNPs), with a mean size of 48.2 ± 9.5 nm and a zeta potential value of −31.1 ± 1.9 mV, obtained by the Green Chemistry approach from a mixture of nettle and grape extracts, were used as “building blocks” for the “green” development of plasmonic biohybrids containing biomimetic membranes and chitosan. The mechanism of biohybrid formation was elucidated by optical analyses (UV–vis absorption and emission fluorescence, FTIR, XRD, and SAXS) and microscopic techniques (AFM and SEM). The aforementioned novel materials showed a free radical scavenging capacity of 75% and excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (IGZ = 45 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (IGZ = 35 mm). The antiproliferative activity of biohybrids was highlighted by a therapeutic index value of 1.30 for HT-29 cancer cells and 1.77 for HepG2 cancer cells. At concentrations below 102.2 µM, these materials are not hemolytic, so they will not be harmful when found in the bloodstream. In conclusion, hybrid systems based on phyto-Ag/AgClNPs, artificial cell membranes, and chitosan can be considered potential adjuvants in liver and colorectal cancer treatment.
Lucia Marina Cristina Coc, Ioana Lacatusu, Nicoleta Badea, Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu, and Aurelia Meghea
Hindawi Limited
The main purpose of the present research was to test the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to efficiently host a hydrophilic polyphenol active with health-promoting activities (caffeic acid (CA)). The caffeic acid-loaded lipid nanocarriers (CA-NLCs) were obtained by high-pressure homogenization technique using a surfactant mixture of Tween 20 and L-α-phosphatidylcholine in association with a lipid mixture of linseed oil, hexadecyl palmitate, and glycerol monostearate. In the first stage, the proportion between surfactant mixture and lipid phase has been varied to obtain appropriate stable nanocarriers. The optimized NLCs have been further loaded with different amounts of caffeic acid and were analyzed in terms of physical stability, size characteristics, and encapsulation efficiency. The antioxidant activity of CA-loaded NLCs and their release behavior have been tested by specific in vitro methods, e.g., ABTS (2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay and release experiments, by Franz cell diffusion. The ABTS assay highlighted a high antioxidant potential of the caffeic acid in association with linseed oil. The capacity to capture ABTS cationic radicals was superior for the NLC entrapping an initial amount of 1.5% CA, the level of antioxidant capacity being 91.3%. The in vitro release experiments showed a different release behavior, depending on the initial amount of caffeic acid used. NLC loaded with a higher concentration of CA manifests a gradual slow release, e.g., 45% CA after 24 h of in vitro experiments, while the NLC loaded with smaller concentration of CA assured a higher release in time, around 65%.
Aurelia BRATU, , Cristina OTT, Brindusa BALANUCA, Nicoleta BADEA, Ioana LACATUSU, , , , and
Romanian Academy - Revue Roumaine De Chimie