Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review Zainab Fakhri Merzah, Nisreen kh. Abdalameer, Zainab J. Shanan, Ali Hussein Sabah Nano Life, 2026 Nanomaterials have emerged as versatile platforms for drug delivery, offering properties that enhance solubility, enable targeted delivery and support controlled release and theranostic applications. This review summarizes recent advancements in diverse nanocarrier systems, including polymeric, lipid-based, metal/metal-oxide, magnetic, hybrid and plant-derived nanoparticles. Key design strategies that improve bioavailability, cellular uptake and therapeutic efficacy are highlighted, alongside challenges in large-scale production, reproducibility, long-term safety and regulatory compliance. The synthesis, characterization and functionalization of these nanomaterials are examined with respect to overcoming biological barriers and facilitating clinical translation. Collectively, current evidence underscores the potential of nanomedicine to advance precision and personalized therapeutics, while identifying research gaps that warrant further investigation. This review provides a concise framework for understanding current trends, opportunities and future directions in nanomaterial-enabled drug delivery systems.
Biomedical Assessment of ZnO, MnO and Se Nanoparticles Synthesized via Laser-Induced Plasma: Effects on Thyroid Hormone Levels Rafal H. Jassim, Kadhim A. Aadim, Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer Nano Life, 2026 In this study, nanoparticles were synthesized using the pulsed laser ablation technique, employing an Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The ablation process was carried out at room temperature under varying laser energy of 950 mJ. The structural characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The biological impact of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed by administering two different doses (1 ml/kg and 4 ml/kg) to experimental animal models. The study evaluated changes in thyroid hormone levels, specifically thyroid-stimulating hormone (T[Formula: see text], triiodothyronine (T[Formula: see text] and thyroxine (T[Formula: see text]. Variations in hormone concentrations were observed, including increases and decreases in T[Formula: see text], T3 and T4 levels, depending on the administered dose. Additionally, the relative body weight of the rats was monitored throughout the experimental period, providing insights into the influence of the nanoparticles on metabolic activity.
Biosynthesis of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles via Microwave Irradiation and Evaluation of Physical Properties and Bacterial Activity for Agricultural Soil Improvement Zainab Fakhri Merzah, Zainab J. Shanan, Nisreen KH. Abdalameer, Sokina Fakhry Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2025 The production of green nanoparticles has recently received significant attention due to their potential biological and environmental uses. In this study, Iraqi lemon peel extract was used in a green synthesis process to produce bismuth oxide nanoparticles using microwave irradiation. The characteristics of the prepared Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles were studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy where the energy gap was calculated to be 3.35 eV. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique was used to identify the functional compounds in the plant extract. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the prepared material, and its crystal size was (34.24 nm). The surface morphology was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the particle size ranged from (45 nm to 85 nm). To study the surface charge and stability of the prepared nanoparticles, zeta potential (ZP) analysis was used, where the synthesized Bi 2 O 3 NPs showed Acceptable stability and the zeta potential was (−10 eV). The antibacterial properties of Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles were then evaluated against soil borne pathogens that contaminate crops and thus affect human health. These bacteria are Gram-positive (Salmonella spp) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli). The results indicate that Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles may represent a practical option for environmental applications.
Eco-Conscious Approach to Synthesizing Aluminum Oxides Using Nonthermal Plasma Technology Aiyah S. Noori, Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer, Uday M. Nayef, Rawaa M. Mohammed Nano Life, 2025 AlO is a prevalent oxide compound composed of aluminum and oxygen, with the chemical formula Al2O3. This study aims to prepare aluminum oxide nanoparticles using aluminum nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO[Formula: see text] 9H2O through direct exposure to a plasma jet system using argon gas, as plasma is the fourth state of matter and a common effective method. The major study in the preparation of Al2O3 nanoparticles, which is a physical method, examines the effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles against bacteria and fungi. Different methods were used for diagnosis. The X-ray diffraction examination showed an average particle size of 37.8 nm. It was also found through the UV-Vis examination that a surface plasmon resonance was formed at 300 nm with an energy gap value of 4.21 eV. The electron microscope field emission scanning (FE-SEM) was used to study the surface morphology. The results of biological testing showed that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have high antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Biomedical Assessment of ZnO, MnO and Se Nanoparticles Synthesized via Laser-Induced Plasma: Effects on Thyroid Hormone Levels RH Jassim, KA Aadim, NK Abdalameer Nano LIFE 16 (04), 2550007 , 2026 2026
Green-assisted pulsed laser ablation for the sustainable synthesis of CUO nanoparticles with antibacterial properties FJ Alwan, NF Majeed, ZF Merzah, NK Abdalameer Applied Nanoscience 16 (1), 6 , 2026 2026
Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review ZF Merzah, N Abdalameer, ZJ Shanan, AH Sabah Nano LIFE, 2630001 , 2026 2026
Structural and morphological properties of Al1-X: Znox prepared by pulsed laser deposition method EK Jebur, ANM Ali, NK Abdalameer AIP Conference Proceedings 3190 (1), 070001 , 2025 2025
Studying the effect of atmospheric pressure argon plasma on the radioactivity of soil samples in al-Kadhimiya City H Al-Hameed, NK Abdalameer, F Al-Sahar, SN Mazhir AIP Conference Proceedings 3190 (1), 110002 , 2025 2025
Biosynthesis of Bi 2 O 3 Nanoparticles via Microwave Irradiation and Evaluation of Physical Properties and Bacterial Activity for Agricultural Soil Improvement Z Fakhri Merzah, ZJ Shanan, NKH Abdalameer, S Fakhry IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1545 (1), 012101 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Biosynthesis of Bi2O3 nanoparticles via microwave irradiation and evaluation of physical properties and bacterial activity for agricultural soil improvement ZF Merzah, ZJ Shanan, NKH Abdalameer, S Fakhry IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science 1545 (1), 012101 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Optical, Structural and Biological Properties of Reduced Silver Oxide Nanoparticles from Anethum Graveolens Leaf Extract by Nonthermal Plasma RS Ahmed, AM Dahham, NK Abdalameer, RS Mohammed Nano Life 15 (05), 2450025 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Eco-conscious approach to synthesizing aluminum oxides using nonthermal plasma technology AS Noori, NK Abdalameer, UM Nayef, RM Mohammed Nano Life 15 (05), 2450026 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Green reduction approach for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using ginger extract and evaluation of their free radical scavenging activity EM Ali, N Abdalameer, KA Khalaph, FW Hadi, AO Ramadhan The European Physical Journal Plus 140 (9), 928 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Synergistic Effect of Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Evaluation as an Antibacterial Agent Against Streptococcus mutans and Klebsiella pneumonia LA Yaaqoob, AS Noori, HL Atiyah, UM Nayef, NK Abdalameer Plasmonics 20 (9), 7641-7650 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Innovative Jet Plasma-Assisted Green Synthesis of TiO 2 @Ag Core–Shell Nanoparticles Using Chard Leaf Extract for Antibacterial Applications ZF Merzah, ZJ Shanan, NK Abdalameer, S Fakhry Plasmonics, 1-14 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Urine Catheter Sterilization from Adhered Biofilm Using Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized Using the Plasma Reduction Method MF Al–Marjani, FJ Hassan, RS Mohammed, NK Abdalameer, J Iqbal Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 36 (2), 30-40 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Effect of Laser Wavelength for Controlling Structure, Optics, Raman, and Biological properties of MgO NPs Synthesis by Laser Ablation FI Sultan, HA Naif, RS Mohammed, NK Abdalameer Plasmonics, 1-11 , 2025 2025
Pulsed Nd: YAG laser-assisted synthesis of aluminum oxide nanoparticles with clove extract: Evaluating their antibacterial activity against mutant strain of streptococcus mutans AS Noori, N Abdalameer, LA Yaaqoob, UM Nayef, RM Mohammed Plasmonics 20 (6), 4091-4101 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Synthesis of ZnO, SnO 2 , (ZnSnO 3 ) perovskite structure by chemical method and evaluation of antimicrobial activity NK Abdalameer, KA Khalaph, AM Jafar The European Physical Journal Plus 140 (4), 294 , 2025 2025 Citations: 9
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity using cadmium oxide nanoparticles prepared by physical method (PLAL) NK Abdalameer, TA Khaleefa Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 38 (1), 131-141 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
In-vitro Ant Biofilm Effect of Green-Approach Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Non-thermal Plasma Technique AM Dahham, NK Abdalameer, FJ Hassan, RS Mohammed Journal of Physical Science 36 (3), 27-42 , 2025 2025
Eco-friendly fabrication of selenium oxide nanoparticles by low-temperature plasma technique and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity NK Abdalameer, NJ Ghdeeb, KA Khalaph, Y Taha The European Physical Journal D 79 (1), 7 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Influence of Cold Plasma and Photocatalysis on Properties of SnO 2 Nanostructure Prepared by Laser Deposition MD Majed, NK Abdalameer International Journal of Nanoscience 23 (06), 2450012 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Ag/AgO nanoparticles: Green synthesis and investigation of their bacterial inhibition effects NK Abdalameer, KA Khalaph, EM Ali Materials Today: Proceedings 45, 5788-5792 , 2021 2021 Citations: 63
The effect of ZnSe Core/shell on the properties of the window layer of the solar cell and its applications in solar energy NK Abdalameer, SN Mazhir, KA Aadim Energy Reports 6, 447-458 , 2020 2020 Citations: 60
Influence of gas flow rate on plasma parameters produced by a plasma jet and its spectroscopic diagnosis using the OES technique KA Aadim, SN Mazhir, NK Abdalameer, AH Ali IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 987 (1), 012020 , 2020 2020 Citations: 40
Cytotoxic activity of green zinc selenide nanoparticles against Hep-G2 cell lines SN Mazhir, KA Aadim, MMF Al-Halbosiy, NK Abdalameer Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol 15 (1), 2072-2078 , 2021 2021 Citations: 38
Diagnostics of zinc selenite plasma produced by FHG of a Q-switchedND: YAGlaser NK Abdaalameer, SN Mazhir, KA Aadim Chalcogenide Lett. 18 (7), 405-411 , 2021 2021 Citations: 29
Effects of Non-Thermal Argon Plasma Produced at Atmospheric Pressure on the Optical Properties of CdO Thin Films farah and alameer Nisreen kh, alaa kh.bard,dr.hamed h Baghdad science journal 15 (2), 226-221 , 2018 2018 Citations: 29
Studying the effect of cold plasma on the blood using digital image processing and images texture analysis SN Mazhir, AH Ali, NK Abdalameer, FW Hadi 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and … , 2016 2016 Citations: 28
Zinc oxide nanoparticle properties and antimicrobial activity ZJ Shanan, NK Abdalameer, HMJ Ali International Journal of Nanoscience 21 (03), 2250017 , 2022 2022 Citations: 26
The effect of gas flow on plasma parameters induced by microwave SN Mazhir, NA Abdullah, HI al-Ahmed, NH Harb, NK Abdalameer Baghdad Science Journal 15 (2), 13 , 2018 2018 Citations: 26
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of CuO nanoparticles and CuO/Ag nanocomposites NJGNK Abdalameer Applied nanoscience , 2024 2024 Citations: 24
The Histological Effect of Activated Aloe Vera Extract by Microwave Plasma on Wound Healing SNM Nisreen kh abdalameer، Aya S. Noori Chemical Physics Letters , 2022 2022 Citations: 22
Plasma Production and Applications: A Review N Yasoob A, NK Abdalameer, AQ Mohammed International Journal of Nanoscience 21 (6), 2230003-308 , 2022 2022 Citations: 21
Laser-induced plasma atomic and ionic emission during target ablation NK Abdalameer, SN Mazhir International Journal of Nanoscience 20 (05), 2150044 , 2021 2021 Citations: 21
Enhanced antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles prepared by cold plasma in liquid AAR Niema, EM Abbas, NK Abdalameer Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures (DJNB) 16 (4), 1479 , 2021 2021 Citations: 21
Sterilization of sutures by low temperature argon plasma F Ayhan, H Ayhan, E Piskin Journal of bioactive and compatible polymers 13 (1), 65-72 , 1998 1998 Citations: 21
Bio- Synthesis of (Zn/Se) Core-shell Nanoparticles by Micro plasma-jet technique SN Mazhir, NK Abdalameer, LA Yaaqoob, JK Hammood International Journal of Nanoscience , 2022 2022 Citations: 20
Synthesis of copper oxide nanostructures by Ar plasma jet and study of their structural and optical properties BH Abbas, NK Abdalameer, RS Mohammed Iraqi Journal of Science, 1999-2006 , 2024 2024 Citations: 17
Effect of pulsed laser frequency on CdTe deposited as solar cells device NK Abdalameer, OA Fahad, KA Khalaph International Journal of Nanoscience 21 (01), 2150062 , 2022 2022 Citations: 16
influence of dielectric-barrier discharge(DBD)cold plasma on water contaminated bacteria and nisreen kh.abdalameer nada.s.razuqi, fatema s.muftin, hamid h.murbat annual research and review in biology , 2017 2017 Citations: 16
Electron temperature and density measurement of plasma jet in atmospheric pressure KA Aadim, AAK Hussain, NK Abdalameer, HA Tawfeeq, HH Murbat Int. J. Nov. Res. Phys. Chem. Math 2, 28-32 , 2015 2015 Citations: 15
