I earned my PhD in Economics and Econometrics from the University of Canberra in Australia (2023) and have dedicated over a decade to academia. I have served as an economics lecturer at multiple universities and postgraduate programs internationally. Since 2017, I have been a Research Fellow at the National Centre for Economic Modelling within the Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis at the University of Canberra, where I have advanced research in welfare economics and development policy. Currently, I serve as Convenor and Tutor for the Asia Pacific Business program at the University of Canberra. I also lead research at UrCommunity Ltd (Melbourne) and continue to contribute as an Associate Researcher and Postgraduate Lecturer at Anahuac University. Across these roles, I remain committed to producing impactful research and developing innovative, student-centred approaches to economic education.
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Multidisciplinary, Economics, Econometrics and Finance
4
Scopus Publications
24
Scholar Citations
3
Scholar h-index
Scopus Publications
Counterfactual analysis: Comparing voucher systems with taxes, subsidies, and public spending to reduce income inequality William Alejandro Pacheco-Jaramillo, Peter Malliaros F1000research, 2026 Background This study examines how voucher systems compare to traditional redistributive policies—such as progressive taxation, subsidies, and public spending—in reducing income inequality. Methods We apply a counterfactual analysis approach, using panel data from twelve countries over 22 years. By employing econometric modelling, we simulate a series of “what-if” scenarios to assess the impact of each policy on the Gini coefficient, a key measure of income inequality. Results The results suggest that voucher systems can be particularly effective at targeting essential services, like education and healthcare, improving access for lower-income groups, and helping to reduce inequality. Public spending on education and healthcare proves to be incredibly potent in narrowing income disparities. These sectors are vital for addressing systemic inequalities, improving overall access and providing long-term benefits to disadvantaged groups. In contrast, progressive taxation and subsidies show mixed effectiveness. While higher tax revenues often correlate with reduced inequality, their impacts vary across countries and contexts. The effectiveness of progressive taxation depends on factors such as the efficiency of tax systems and the political environment, which can influence how well these policies work. Similarly, subsidies generally produce only modest or inconsistent reductions in income gaps, suggesting that while they provide temporary relief, they do not always address the root causes of inequality. Conclusions These findings suggest that well-designed voucher programs, when combined with progressive taxation and strategic public spending, can play a key role in enhancing redistribution efforts. By improving access to essential services and targeting lower-income groups, vouchers have the potential to reduce income inequality. However, achieving equitable economic outcomes requires careful policy design and attention to the broader economic context.
The Impact of Sustainable Policies on Subjective Well-Being in a Developing Nation: The Case of Ecuador William Alejandro Pacheco-Jaramillo, David Zaldumbide Sustainability Switzerland, 2025 Objective: This study explores the impact of public policies that promote social equity and rights to nature on subjective well-being (SWB). The focus is on how sustainability policies, particularly environmental protection and poverty reduction, have influenced life satisfaction in Ecuador. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses ordinal logistic regression models to analyze data from Ecuador’s National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment. Life satisfaction is the dependent variable, while independent variables include income, education, job satisfaction, concern for the environment, and regional differences. The analysis covers data from 2007 and 2014, representing periods before and after Ecuador’s 2008 constitutional reform. This highlights the study’s temporal focus on changes in subjective well-being. Findings: The results indicate that implementing public social investment policies increases life satisfaction, particularly in regions such as the Coast. After the policy was implemented, income, higher education, job satisfaction, and concern for the environment were associated with higher levels of subjective well-being. However, disparities persist, with lower life satisfaction among Indigenous groups, women, the elderly, and those living in poverty. Originality/value: This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between sustainable policies and subjective well-being, highlighting Ecuador’s unique constitutional framework. It offers lessons for other developing nations seeking to balance social equity, economic growth, and environmental sustainability to improve overall quality of life.
Does corruption play a role in the process of financial globalization in emerging countries? Zuhairan Yunmi Yunan, W. Alejandro Pacheco-Jaramillo Journal of Financial Crime, 2025 Purpose This paper aims to examine various indicators related to corruption and determine their impact on financial globalization in emerging countries. It will consider other factors that may impact financial globalization and focus on how corruption within political, executive and public sector institutions can affect this process. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a generalized method of moments (GMM) for a data sample of emerging countries covering 2000–2020. Corruption measurements are derived from the varieties of democracy data sets and Transparency International. It also includes data on foreign direct investment, portfolio flows, foreign exchange and international debt as separate indicators of financial globalization. These measures provide more detailed information on the types of financial transactions occurring across countries. Findings The results reveal that foreign investors may be less likely to enter certain sectors of the economy due to concerns about unethical practices and difficulties navigating the regulatory landscape in countries with high levels of corruption. This can lead to underdevelopment in sectors that are attractive to foreign investment and a reliance on a narrow range of sectors. Originality/value This paper offers valuable insights by integrating corruption and financial globalization indicators, using the GMM for robust analysis. It highlights how corruption influences foreign investment decisions, potentially leading to sectoral underdevelopment and overreliance in emerging countries.
Dynamic Models to Determine External Factors and their Impact on the Shrimp Price Forecast Ceur Workshop Proceedings, 2022
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Counterfactual analysis: Comparing voucher systems with taxes, subsidies, and public spending to reduce income inequality WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, P Malliaros F1000Research 14, 439 , 2026 2026.0 Citations: 4
Building Institutional Legitimacy: Elites, Markets, and Inequality Through the Voice–Choice–Transparency–Trust (VCTT) Framework P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research 1 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1) , 2026 2026.0
Income Inequality, Governance Quality, and Political Engagement: A Cross-country Analysis of Disparities and Democratic Participation WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, M Peter F1000Research; https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.164654.1 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 3
Cross-country analysis of aggregate markups and their impact on income inequality P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research, doi: 10.12688/f1000research.160674.1 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 5
Exploring subjective well being in a developing country: Socio economic influence in Ecuador before and after the 2008 constitutional reform WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, TR Miranti, Riyana F1000Research , 2025 2025.0
From Automation-Induced Job Loss to a Supervisory Economy? P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 1
Counterbalance Economics (CBE): Harnessing Aggregate Markups to Finance Voucher-Based Inequality Reduction P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research 1 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1) , 2025 2025.0
The Impact of Sustainable Policies on Subjective Well-Being in a Developing Nation: The Case of Ecuador WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, D Zaldumbide Sustainability , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 3
Are in-kind transfer vouchers as flexible and efficient as cash? P Malliaros, A Pacheco-Jaramillo, M Robertson-Dean https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786859/v1 , 2024 2024.0
Does corruption play a role in the process of financial globalization in emerging countries? ZY Yunan, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo Journal of Financial Crime , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 3
Understanding subjective wellbeing, prosocial activities and the Sumak-Kawsay "The good way of living" : an Ecuadorian case study WA Pacheco-Jaramillo University of Canberra , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 2
Posicionamiento web de empresas de comercio electrónico en el Ecuador 2021 V González, WA Pacheco Jaramillo https://www.593dp.com/index.php/593_Digital_Publisher/article/view/1402 , 2022 2022.0
Factores de Impacto que Influyen en el Posicionamiento Web para el Criterio de búsqueda en Google sobre Firmas Jurídicas en la ciudad de Toronto-Canadá M Vasquez-Pacheco, A Pacheco-Jaramillo 593 Digital Publisher CEIT , 2022 2022.0
Subjective Well-being and Empathy at the ECOTEC University E Gamiño, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo VII International Scientific Congress "Knowledge Society: Challenges and … , 2022 2022.0
Dynamic Models to Determine External Factors and their Impact on the Shrimp Price Forecast D Zaldumbide, WA Pacheco Jaramillo CEUR Workshop Proceedings Volume 3282, Pages 87 - 1002022 Joint 5th … , 2022 2022.0
Interpretazioni di sviluppo e sottosviluppo in America Latina WA Pacheco Jaramillo http://www.lamacchinasognante.com/interpretazioni-di-sviluppo-e … , 2016 2016.0
Altruistic motivation in Ecuador. The Rise and Future of Heroism Science: A Cross-Disciplinary Conference 11-12 July 2016 WA Pacheco Jaramillo, SS Campus https://www.academia.edu/128894007/Altruistic_Motivation_in_Ecuador , 2016 2016.0
La innovación como factor de competitividad del sector de desarrollo de programas informáticos en Ecuador WA Pacheco Jaramillo Quito: FLACSO Sede Ecuador , 2013 2013.0 Citations: 3
Internet business competitiveness analysis, case study WA Pacheco Jaramillo UIDE, https://www.academia.edu/128912224 … , 2001 2001.0
Posicionamiento web de empresas de comercio electrónico en el Ecuador 2021 V González-Rodríguez, A Pacheco-Jaramillo
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Cross-country analysis of aggregate markups and their impact on income inequality P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research, doi: 10.12688/f1000research.160674.1 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 5
Counterfactual analysis: Comparing voucher systems with taxes, subsidies, and public spending to reduce income inequality WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, P Malliaros F1000Research 14, 439 , 2026 2026.0 Citations: 4
Income Inequality, Governance Quality, and Political Engagement: A Cross-country Analysis of Disparities and Democratic Participation WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, M Peter F1000Research; https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.164654.1 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 3
The Impact of Sustainable Policies on Subjective Well-Being in a Developing Nation: The Case of Ecuador WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, D Zaldumbide Sustainability , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 3
Does corruption play a role in the process of financial globalization in emerging countries? ZY Yunan, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo Journal of Financial Crime , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 3
La innovación como factor de competitividad del sector de desarrollo de programas informáticos en Ecuador WA Pacheco Jaramillo Quito: FLACSO Sede Ecuador , 2013 2013.0 Citations: 3
Understanding subjective wellbeing, prosocial activities and the Sumak-Kawsay "The good way of living" : an Ecuadorian case study WA Pacheco-Jaramillo University of Canberra , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 2
From Automation-Induced Job Loss to a Supervisory Economy? P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 1
Building Institutional Legitimacy: Elites, Markets, and Inequality Through the Voice–Choice–Transparency–Trust (VCTT) Framework P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research 1 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1) , 2026 2026.0
Exploring subjective well being in a developing country: Socio economic influence in Ecuador before and after the 2008 constitutional reform WA Pacheco-Jaramillo, TR Miranti, Riyana F1000Research , 2025 2025.0
Counterbalance Economics (CBE): Harnessing Aggregate Markups to Finance Voucher-Based Inequality Reduction P Malliaros, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo F1000Research 1 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1) , 2025 2025.0
Are in-kind transfer vouchers as flexible and efficient as cash? P Malliaros, A Pacheco-Jaramillo, M Robertson-Dean https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786859/v1 , 2024 2024.0
Posicionamiento web de empresas de comercio electrónico en el Ecuador 2021 V González, WA Pacheco Jaramillo https://www.593dp.com/index.php/593_Digital_Publisher/article/view/1402 , 2022 2022.0
Factores de Impacto que Influyen en el Posicionamiento Web para el Criterio de búsqueda en Google sobre Firmas Jurídicas en la ciudad de Toronto-Canadá M Vasquez-Pacheco, A Pacheco-Jaramillo 593 Digital Publisher CEIT , 2022 2022.0
Subjective Well-being and Empathy at the ECOTEC University E Gamiño, WA Pacheco-Jaramillo VII International Scientific Congress "Knowledge Society: Challenges and … , 2022 2022.0
Dynamic Models to Determine External Factors and their Impact on the Shrimp Price Forecast D Zaldumbide, WA Pacheco Jaramillo CEUR Workshop Proceedings Volume 3282, Pages 87 - 1002022 Joint 5th … , 2022 2022.0
Interpretazioni di sviluppo e sottosviluppo in America Latina WA Pacheco Jaramillo http://www.lamacchinasognante.com/interpretazioni-di-sviluppo-e … , 2016 2016.0
Altruistic motivation in Ecuador. The Rise and Future of Heroism Science: A Cross-Disciplinary Conference 11-12 July 2016 WA Pacheco Jaramillo, SS Campus https://www.academia.edu/128894007/Altruistic_Motivation_in_Ecuador , 2016 2016.0
Internet business competitiveness analysis, case study WA Pacheco Jaramillo UIDE, https://www.academia.edu/128912224 … , 2001 2001.0
Posicionamiento web de empresas de comercio electrónico en el Ecuador 2021 V González-Rodríguez, A Pacheco-Jaramillo
GRANT DETAILS
I was awarded a government grant from Ecuador to pursue a Master’s degree in Environmental Economics and Management at James Cook University in Australia. This grant enabled me to focus on research in welfare economics and prosocial behaviour, which became key areas of my academic work. It supported my journey in producing high-impact research, and I have continuously sought collaborations with international organizations and institutions that align with my expertise in economics, econometrics, and well-being. This experience has enriched my ability to contribute meaningfully to both academic and applied research projects
CONSULTANCY
I have significant experience as a consultant, advising organizations in economics, finance, and strategic planning. As an independent consultant with EWAACO Consulting, I helped clients establish knowledge-based strategies. Additionally, I led international projects with the Balanced Scorecard Club and the Regional Center for Business Competitiveness in Mexico, Argentina, and Ecuador. These roles involved implementing strategic planning and balanced scorecards to improve business performance. My consultancy work bridges academic research with real-world applications, delivering tailored solutions that drive measurable outcomes for diverse clients across industries
Industry, Institute, or Organisation Collaboration
I have collaborated with various industries, institutes, and organizations, both academically and professionally. In academia, I have worked with institutions such as Anáhuac University, Monterrey Technological Institute, and ECOTEC Technological University. My roles extended to public sector collaborations, notably with the Social Registry of Ecuador, where I led development projects with World Bank funding. Additionally, my consultancy work with the Balanced Scorecard Club across Latin America contributed to strategic planning in diverse industries. These experiences demonstrate my ability to bridge academic expertise with practical industry applications, driving strategic initiatives across sectors
INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
I have extensive industry experience across various sectors, including automotive, technology, and consultancy. In the automotive sector, I served as an Economic Consultant and Information Technology Supervisor at Metaltronic S.A., where I oversaw IT systems and contributed to economic research that supported business operations.
In the technology sector, I provided strategic planning and IT supervision at the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion’s Child Rescue Operation Program in Ecuador. My consultancy work has involved projects in Mexico, Argentina, and Ecuador with the Balanced Scorecard Club and the Regional Center for Business Competitiveness, focusing on business strategy and operational efficiency
STARTUP
I had entrepreneurial experience in the IT sector, having established and managed my startup focused on providing IT solutions and consulting services. Through this venture, I supervised the development and implementation of IT systems and networks for various clients, particularly in the technology sector. My startup offered strategic IT consulting, helping businesses optimize their operations through technology-driven solutions. This entrepreneurial experience not only enhanced my technical and management skills but also deepened my understanding of the challenges and opportunities in the IT industry, allowing me to apply these insights in both consulting and academic environments
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, or ACADEMIC BENEFITS
Throughout my career, my work has delivered social, economic, and academic benefits across various sectors. In the public sector, I led initiatives at the Social Registry of Ecuador, which improved the targeting and support of vulnerable populations, directly contributing to poverty alleviation. My academic contributions, particularly in welfare economics and subjective wellbeing, have enhanced the understanding of life satisfaction dynamics in developing countries. Additionally, my consultancy work with organizations in Latin America has driven economic benefits by optimizing business strategies, improving operational efficiency, and supporting sustainable development through strategic planning and innovation
