Synthetic Biopolymers–Assisted Polycaprolactone Blends for Pharmacology: A Comprehensive Review With Recent Insights Sridhar Rajendiran, Paradesi Deivanayagam Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2025 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug, polycaprolactone (PCL) has been widely used in pharmacological and biomedical research, owing to its biocompatibility and modified physical properties. This review provides insights into PCL utilization in medicinal applications, modified with synthetic polymers including polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyurethane (PU), poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) along with bio additives such as drugs, phytochemicals, metal elements, and so forth. These compatibilizers assist PCL in overcoming its limits in biomedical usage like slow degradation rate, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. In this period, PCL and its blending materials were extensively deployed in (i) drug delivery, (ii) wound care, and (iii) tissue engineering studies. Thus, this review enlightens the above‐mentioned three applications with a comparative analysis of PCL's blends and also supports the creation of a pathway for future research directions, addressing the pharmacological challenges and next generation regenerative treatments.
Advanced Fabrication of Covalent Organic Framework Integrated Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole Proton Exchange Membrane for Enhanced Fuel Cell Efficiency Siva Moorthy, Ragasudha Sudhakaran, Preethi Dayalan, Paradesi Deivanayagam Journal of Polymer Science, 2025 The performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) depends on proton exchange membranes (PEMs). In harsh conditions, the electrolyte experiences chemical and thermal property losses that cause irreversible degradation, ultimately resulting in fuel cell shutdown. The goal of this work is to produce a new melamine‐based covalent organic framework (MIP‐COF) embedded sulfonated polybenzimidazole (SPBI) polymer nanocomposite membrane alternative to Nafion. Various characterizations are conducted to assess the structure, morphology, ionic transport, thermal and chemical stability, as well as the fuel cell efficiency of the membrane. The hydrogen bonding interaction at the MIP‐COF/SPBI interface leads to better ion transport, which improves the performance of the unit cell. Furthermore, the membrane's swelling and water sorption properties remain satisfactory. The 15% MIP‐COF loaded SPBI membrane exhibits the highest proton conductivity of 0.108 S/cm at 80°C. The results highlight that incorporating MIP‐COFs into SPBI is a successful approach for producing high‐performance PEMs for fuel cell applications.
Induction of zinc conjugated with Doxorubicin for the prevention of aggregating β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway investigated through computational approaches Gomathi Rajagopal, Balajee Ramachandran, Paradesi Deivanayagam, Venkatesan Srinivasadesikan, Boomi Pandi, Saravanan Muthupandian, Rajamanikandan Sundarraj, Goyitom Gebremedhn Gebru Plos One, 2025 Canonical Wnt signaling plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation which correlates with the accumulation of β-catenin resulting inactivation of the network of targets such as GSK3β, Axin, CK1. Uncontrolled expression of β-catenin leads to different types of cancers and other diseases such as sarcoma and mesenchymal tumor formation. However, β-catenin is an attractive target for cervical cancer. In the present study, the compounds such as Doxorubicin and Zinc conjugated with Doxorubicin were screened against β-catenin using Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, MM/GBSA, and DFT approaches to explore their insights. The study further demonstrated that the binding energy of Zn conjugated with Doxorubicin has shown -7.2 kcal/mol and Doxorubicin registers -5.9 kcal/mol against β-catenin. The disruption between the β-catenin/Tcf-4 complex was observed through the Zinc-Doxorubicin complex, both the proteins are separated about 12 Å. The Zn-Doxorubicin was stabilized with the hydrophobic residues such as Val349 of β-catenin and Phe21 of Tcf-4. The DFT analysis using the B3LYP/6-31g(d,p) method explores that Zn-doxorubicin in complex with the binding site residues has shown the HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.55 eV. The binding free energy calculations exhibit the Zn conjugated Doxorubicin favors in the study by showing ~ 3 kcal/mol difference with Doxorubicin. The Zn-conjugated Doxorubicin will be discussed in the context of cervical cancer with the hope of improving drug efficacy and reducing toxicities for the betterment of the patient’s quality of life.
Composite membrane comprised of SnO2 nanoparticles loaded intercrosslinked network of Polyvinylalcohol and Chitosan for proton transfer membrane fuel cells G. Durgadevi, A. Chandramohan, R. Rengaraj, R. Abinesh, T. Senthil, D. Paradesi, K. Dinakaran Composite Interfaces, 2025 In this work, an inter-crosslinked network membrane of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) and SnO2 nanocparticle-incorporated nanocomposite membranes of PVA and CS (PVA/CS/SnO2) having enhanced proton conductivity have been fabricated by the solvent-casting method. SnO2 nanoparticles are synthesized using a sol–gel method, and their crystalline nature, morphology and particle size are examined using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and the characteristics of the membranes such as proton conductivity (PC), swelling ratio (SR), porosity, water uptake (WU), oxidative stability (OS), ion exchange capacity (IEC), and other common physiochemical characteristics were also assessed for both the bare and SnO2 nanoparticles loaded PVA/CS films. At room temperature (RT), the highest IEC rate of 0.94 mmol g−1 and proton conductivity value of 6.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 for PVA/CS/SnO2 were observed when 3 weight percent SnO2 nanoparticles were added to PVA/CS. Additionally, the PVA/CS/SnO2 compsoite membrane loaded with 3 wt% SnO2 NPs, at 80°C for 10 hours, showed outstanding OS with 12.3% degradation towards the Fenton reagent under anhydrous conditions. As this work combines the upgrading of commodity polymers, like PVA, to be employed in fuel cell devices, the nanocomposite membranes created in this work showed notable properties that may find a large place in the future fuel cell industry.
Fabrication of Zinc Metal Organic Framework-Embedded Electrolyte Membranes Comprising Sulfonated Poly(ether ether sulfone) and Polyimide for Fuel Cells Aparna Mahalingam, Hemalatha Pushparaj, Paradesi Deivanayagam Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2024 This work focuses on the design and development of membranes with constructive physicochemical and electrochemical properties for fuel cell applications. Herein, novel electrolytes are prepared by blending sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene ether ether sulfone) (sPEES) with polyimide (PI). To improve the ion-conducting properties, a zinc metal organic framework (Zn-MOF) is synthesized via solvothermal and sonochemical methods. From the XRD data, the average crystallite size of the prepared MOF is found to be ∼27.8 nm. For the preparation of composites, Zn-MOF is embedded in the blend matrix, and various synthesis parameters, such as reaction temperature, filler loading, and casting time, were optimized. Among the composites, the 3 wt % Zn-MOF-sPEES/PI membrane displays an ion-exchange capacity value of 1.31 mEq/g, an ionic conductivity of 0.0811 S/cm at 80 °C, and a maximum peak power density of 437 mW/cm 2 with a cell voltage of 0.72 V. In summary, the experimental results affirm that the synthesized electrolytes are well-suited for applications in hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells.
Amino functionalized bimetallic NiCo MOF integrated polystyrene-block-poly (ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene matrix for proton exchange membrane fuel cell P Dayalan, R Sudhakaran, P Deivanayagam Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, 1-12 , 2026 2026
Synergetic design of a sulfonated polyimide matrix anchored with phosphotungstic acid-loaded MOFs for enhanced fuel cell efficiency R Sudhakaran, P Dayalan, P Deivanayagam RSC advances 16 (25), 22794-22805 , 2026 2026
Synthetic Biopolymers–Assisted Polycaprolactone Blends for Pharmacology: A Comprehensive Review With Recent Insights S Rajendiran, P Deivanayagam Polymers for Advanced Technologies 36 (12), e70481 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Advanced Fabrication of Covalent Organic Framework Integrated Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole Proton Exchange Membrane for Enhanced Fuel Cell Efficiency S Moorthy, R Sudhakaran, P Dayalan, P Deivanayagam Journal of Polymer Science 63 (20), 4153-4163 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Synthesis, Characterization and Proton Exchange Properties of SnO 2 Nanoparticle Dispersed Triphenylimidazole/Siloxane/Polyvinyl Alcohol Intercrosslinked … G Durgadevi, T Senthil, A Chandramohan, D Paradesi, K Dinakaran Chemistry Africa 8 (7), 2983-2996 , 2025 2025
Manganese Oxide Decorated Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Supported Sulfonated (Poly Ether Ether Sulfone) Membranes for H 2 -O 2 Fuel Cell P Kulasekaran, G Sivasubramanian, D Kannaiyan, P Deivanayagam Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials 64 (12), 1910-1919 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Acid–Base Strategic Interaction with Amino-Functionalized Metal–Organic-Framework-Loaded Six-Membered Sulfonated Polyimide for Fuel Cell Applications R Sudhakaran, S Moorthy, P Deivanayagam Energy & Fuels 39 (32), 15474-15488 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Sustainable synthesis of bioactive functionalized five-membered heterocycles via flow chemistry J Preety, T Purushothaman, D Paradesi, K Sekar, SR Reddy, B Baskar Bioactive Five-Membered Heterocycles: Natural Products, Green Synthesis and … , 2025 2025
Induction of zinc conjugated with Doxorubicin for the prevention of aggregating β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway investigated through computational approaches G Rajagopal, B Ramachandran, P Deivanayagam, V Srinivasadesikan, ... PloS one 20 (4), e0316665 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Composite membrane comprised of SnO 2 nanoparticles loaded intercrosslinked network of Polyvinylalcohol and Chitosan for proton transfer membrane fuel cells G Durgadevi, A Chandramohan, R Rengaraj, R Abinesh, T Senthil, ... Composite Interfaces 32 (4), 601-624 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Fabrication of zinc metal organic framework-embedded electrolyte membranes comprising sulfonated poly (ether ether sulfone) and polyimide for fuel cells A Mahalingam, H Pushparaj, P Deivanayagam Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 63 (44), 19007-19016 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Enhancing fuel cell performance: the role of a copper metal–organic framework in phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole proton exchange membranes S Moorthy, R Sudhakaran, A Mahalingam, H Pushparaj, P Deivanayagam Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 63 (41), 17567-17576 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Navigating excellence: a comprehensive review on the versatile potential of high-performance N-heterocyclic triazole as an electrolyte for proton exchange membrane fuel cells R Sudhakaran, G Sivasubramanian, S Moorthy, P Deivanayagam Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 63 (22), 9661-9677 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Sulfonated cobalt metal–organic framework embedded mixed matrix membrane towards fuel-cell applications S Moorthy, P Deivanayagam ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16 (12), 14712-14721 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Green Hydrogen Production: Photocatalysis and Commercialization Prospects M Shanmugam, PJJ Sagayaraj, N Agamendran, A Augestin, B Baskar, ... Towards Sustainable and Green Hydrogen Production by Photocatalysis … , 2024 2024
Synthesis and fabrication of Cu-trimesic acid MOF anchored sulfonated Poly (2, 5-benzimidazole) membranes for PEMFC applications S Moorthy, BM Mahimai, D Kannaiyan, P Deivanayagam International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 48 (92), 36063-36075 , 2023 2023 Citations: 19
Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel-Cell Studies on Composite Films of Bi 2 S 3 Microrod-Loaded Random Conjugated Copolymer Containing Carbazole and … T Senthil, A Chandramohan, P Senthil Kumar, D Paradesi, K Dinakaran Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 62 (43), 17743-17754 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Selective Proton-Conducting Polystyrene-Based Polyelectrolyte Membrane Containing Bi 2 O 3 Nanoparticles and Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Fuel … B Maria Mahimai, S Moorthy, G Sivasubramanian, P Deivanayagam ACS Applied Nano Materials 6 (19), 18139-18149 , 2023 2023 Citations: 12
Neoteric advancements in polybenzimidazole based polymer electrolytes for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells-A versatile review S Moorthy, G Sivasubramanian, D Kannaiyan, P Deivanayagam International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 48 (72), 28103-28118 , 2023 2023 Citations: 48
Sulfonated poly ether sulfone membrane reinforced with bismuth-based organic and inorganic additives for fuel cells AS Justin Jose Sheela, S Moorthy, B Maria Mahimai, K Sekar, ... ACS omega 8 (30), 27510-27518 , 2023 2023 Citations: 24
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
High-performance SPEEK/SWCNT/fly ash polymer electrolyte nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications G Sivasubramanian, K Hariharasubramanian, P Deivanayagam, ... Polymer Journal 49 (10), 703-709 , 2017 2017 Citations: 64
Novel cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol)-based electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications P Kulasekaran, BM Mahimai, P Deivanayagam RSC advances 10 (44), 26521-26527 , 2020 2020 Citations: 54
Neoteric advancements in polybenzimidazole based polymer electrolytes for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells-A versatile review S Moorthy, G Sivasubramanian, D Kannaiyan, P Deivanayagam International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 48 (72), 28103-28118 , 2023 2023 Citations: 48
Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone): efficient ion-exchange polymer electrolytes for fuel cell applications–a versatile review BM Mahimai, G Sivasubramanian, K Sekar, D Kannaiyan, ... Materials Advances 3 (15), 6085-6095 , 2022 2022 Citations: 46
Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate based semi-interpenetrating network membranes for fuel cells P Deivanayagam, AR Ramamoorthy Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 49 (3), 191-200 , 2012 2012 Citations: 28
TiO 2 nanoparticle enhanced high temperature proton conductivity in hyperbranched sulfonated polyarylene aliphatic ketones for proton exchange membrane fuel … T Senthil, P Prabukanthan, D Paradesi, K Dinakaran Journal of Applied Polymer Science 140 (15), e53737 , 2023 2023 Citations: 26
Sulfonated poly ether sulfone membrane reinforced with bismuth-based organic and inorganic additives for fuel cells AS Justin Jose Sheela, S Moorthy, B Maria Mahimai, K Sekar, ... ACS omega 8 (30), 27510-27518 , 2023 2023 Citations: 24
Characterization study of cytotoxicity of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles loaded with anti‐cancer doxorubicin drug R Gomathi, H Suhana, D Paradesi ChemistrySelect 6 (18), 4533-4538 , 2021 2021 Citations: 21
Development of proton-exchange polymer nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications S Gandhimathi, H Krishnan, D Paradesi Polymers and Polymer Composites 28 (7), 492-501 , 2020 2020 Citations: 21
Sulfonated poly (vinyl alcohol)/fly ash composite membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications G Punniakotti, G Sivasubramanian, SA Gurusamy Thangavelu, ... Polymer-plastics technology and materials 60 (5), 571-578 , 2021 2021 Citations: 20
Synthesis and fabrication of Cu-trimesic acid MOF anchored sulfonated Poly (2, 5-benzimidazole) membranes for PEMFC applications S Moorthy, BM Mahimai, D Kannaiyan, P Deivanayagam International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 48 (92), 36063-36075 , 2023 2023 Citations: 19
Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone)/silicotungstic acid composite membranes for fuel cells P Deivanayagam, A Ramanujam Ramamoorthy, SN Jaisankar Polymer journal 45 (2), 166-172 , 2013 2013 Citations: 19
Copper Metal Organic Framework-Encapsulated Ionic Liquid-Decorated Sulfonated Polystyrene- block -poly(ethylene-ranbutylene)- block -polystyrene Membranes … BM Mahimai, G Sivasubramanian, S Moorthy, P Deivanayagam Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 61 (23), 8081-8090 , 2022 2022 Citations: 16
Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)/barium strontium titanium oxide polymer nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications B Maria Mahimai, P Kulasekaran, G Sivasubramanian, P Deivanayagam Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials 59 (16), 1791-1800 , 2020 2020 Citations: 16
A novel fuel cell membrane with high efficiency D Paradesi, D Samanta, AB Mandal, SN Jaisankar RSC advances 4 (50), 26193-26200 , 2014 2014 Citations: 16
Enhancing fuel cell performance: the role of a copper metal–organic framework in phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole proton exchange membranes S Moorthy, R Sudhakaran, A Mahalingam, H Pushparaj, P Deivanayagam Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 63 (41), 17567-17576 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Sulfonated cobalt metal–organic framework embedded mixed matrix membrane towards fuel-cell applications S Moorthy, P Deivanayagam ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16 (12), 14712-14721 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Energy material-the role of silicotungstic acid and fly ash in sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) composites for PEMFC applications P Deivanayagam, G Sivasubramanian, K Hariharasubramanian, B Baskar, ... Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 56 (2), 146-152 , 2019 2019 Citations: 15
Novel polysulfone/sulfonated polyaniline/niobium pentoxide polymer blend nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications B Maria Mahimai, P Kulasekaran, P Deivanayagam Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138 (41), 51207 , 2021 2021 Citations: 14
Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel-Cell Studies on Composite Films of Bi 2 S 3 Microrod-Loaded Random Conjugated Copolymer Containing Carbazole and … T Senthil, A Chandramohan, P Senthil Kumar, D Paradesi, K Dinakaran Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 62 (43), 17743-17754 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
