Idat Galih Permana

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Animal Science and Zoology

Scopus Publications

Optimizing tropical dairy goat diets: balancing rumen degradable protein, non-fiber carbohydrates, and sulfur requirements
Idat Galih Permana, Annisa Rosmalia, Febby Yustika Anggarini, Despal Despal, Toto Toharmat, and Dwierra Evvyernie
Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of rations incorporating rumen degradable protein (RDP), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), and sulfur on nutrient utilization, milk production, milk quality, and the economic aspects of dairy goats.Methods: In the first study, five treatments were tested in a block-randomized design to examine in vitro fermentability and digestibility. Treatments included P0 (control diet), P1 (P0+7.5% cassava-NFC), P2 (P0+7.5% cassava-NFC and 5% soybean), P3 (P0+7.5% cassava-NFC and 5% autoclaved soybean), and P4 (P0+7.5% cassava-NFC, 5% autoclaved soybean, and 0.1% sulfur). In the second study, sixteen lactating Saanen-Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats (initial milk production = 0.97±0.25 L/head/d, 30 DIM; body weight = 44.44±7.20 kg) were assigned into four groups and fed treatment diets: R0 (basal diet), R1 (R0+12% autoclaved soybean), R2 (R0+12% autoclaved soybean and 9% cassava-NFC), and R3 (R0+12% autoclaved soybean, 9% cassava-NFC, and 0.11% sulfur). The diets were offered for 7 weeks with a two-week adaptation period. Parameters observed include milk production and quality, milk fatty acids, blood hematology and metabolites, and economic aspects. The study used a block randomized design with initial weight as a block.Results: The treatment diets in the first study had no effect on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. Treatments R2 and R3 resulted in higher milk production than R0 and R1. Milk quality remained consistent across treatments, while solid non-fat, lactose, and protein was higher in R2 and R3. Blood hematology was unaffected by the treatments. Nutrient efficiency and income over feed cost were enhanced by R2 and R3 treatments.Conclusion: Protected RDP using autoclaved soybean and cassava-NFC maintained in vitro digestibility, even though it did not improve in vitro fermentability. Precision dairy ration based on RDP, NFC, and sulfur positively impacts milk production, nutrient efficiency, and animal health in dairy goats.


Characterization of Protein Degradation in Tropical Dairy Feedstuff Using the In Sacco Method
Idat Galih Permana, Annisa Rosmalia, Sari Filza Izzati Rahmat, Despal Despal, and Rika Zahera
Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)
A study was conducted to determine the protein degradation characteristics of 27 tropical feedstuffs for dairy rations.  Twenty-two tropical feedstuffs were grouped into A1 (local low fiber and low protein sources: corn, rice bran, cassava, cassava waste, wheat, pollard), A2 (local low fiber and low protein sources: palm kernel meal, tofu waste, tempe waste), and A3 (local high fiber sources: acacia, alfalfa, narra, gliricidia, indigofera, calliandra, bauhinia, leucaena, albizia, agati, piper, moringa, jack leaves), and compared to A4 (imported low fiber high protein sources: soybean, roasted soybean, DDGS, CGM, CGF) using the in sacco method.  The study revealed that A1, A2, and A3 had lower protein content but higher crude fiber than A4.  Protein solubility (a) was higher in A1 and A2, while the potentially degraded fraction (b) was higher in A2 and A3.  A1 and A2 had higher RDP fractions than A3 and A4.  High RDP feedstuffs include pollard, wheat, soybean, CGF, tempe waste, alfalfa, gliricidia, indigofera, agati, and moringa.  In contrast, high RUP feedstuffs include corn, palm kernel meal, narra, calliandra, leucaena, albizia, tamarind, piper, jack leaves, roasted soybean, soybean meal, and CGM.  Tropical feedstuffs exhibit diverse protein degradation characteristics, making them valuable for strategic ration formulation in dairy cattle.


Coconut Fatty Acid Distillate Ca-Soap with Different Calcium Sources: Effects of Varied Proportions of Protected and Unprotected Fat Supplementation in Dairy Rations
Rika Zahera, Mega Indah Pratiwi, Ainissya Fitri, Satoshi Koike, Idat Galih Permana, and Despal
MDPI AG
This study aimed to compare calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as calcium sources for coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD) calcium soap (Ca-soap) production and to evaluate the supplementation ratios of unprotected and protected CFAD in dairy rations to optimize rumen function. This research included two steps: (1) assessing the protection strength of Ca-soap made with CaO and CaCl2 at mole ratios of Ca to CFAD of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5; (2) evaluating CFAD supplementation in an in vitro dairy ration study using a 5 × 4 randomized factorial block design. Factor A compared unprotected and protected CFAD ratios of A1 = 100:0, A2 = 75:25, A3 = 50:50, A4 = 25:75, and A5 = 0:100, and factor B compared supplementation levels of B1 = 0%, B2 = 1%, B3 = 2%, and B4 = 3%. CaCl2 at a 2.5-mole ratio to CFAD produced the lowest acid value and the carboxylic acid (C=O) chemical bond. Complete protection (0:100) exhibited the highest densities of Bacteroides and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05) without significantly affecting rumen fermentability (p > 0.05). Higher CFAD levels significantly reduced methanogens and protozoa (p < 0.05) without significantly affecting estimated methane production. In conclusion, CaCl2 at a 2.5-mole ratio to CFAD provided the best protection, and its complete protection in CFAD supplementation optimized rumen function.


Comparative Analysis of Calcium Sources for Enhancing Protection in Coconut Fatty Acid Distillate Ca-soap Production using FTIR
Rika Zahera, Mega Indah Pratiwi, Ainissya Fitri, Satoshi Koike, Idat Galih Permana, and Despal
EDP Sciences
Coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD) is a by-product of the coconut oil process which rich medium-chain fatty acid and can be utilized in dairy ration as a protected form. Calcium soap (Ca-soap) is a protected fat method that is affordable to apply in dairy farms. This study compared the quality of Ca-soap with different calcium sources using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. There were two Ca-soap of CFAD using CaO by modified fusion method and CaCl2 by double decomposition process. Comparative analysis was conducted in FTIR spectra and transmittance peaks of CFAD, CaO-CFAD, and CaCl2-CFAD. The results showed transmittance peak of carboxylic acids and water functional molecules were different in CFAD compared to Ca-soap. There was no peak transmittance of O-H and H-O-H on CFAD. However, the presence peak on Ca-soap products showed water production of saponification reaction. As for carboxylic acid molecules, C=O decreased after the reaction to Ca-soap. The transmission value of C=O bond showed 47.10% and 89.34% in CFAD and CaO-CFAD respectively. However, there was no peak in CaCl2-CFAD. The no peak transmittance of carboxylic acids indicated higher Ca-soap conversion. In conclusion, the Ca-soap of CaCl2-CFAD was of higher quality than CaO-CFAD.


Supplementing broiler diets with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as a protein source: Performance, carcass traits, viscera organ, and economic perspectives




The effects of feed supplemention on the in vitro fermentability, ration digestibility and methane gas production across different dairy cattle feeding rations at the farms level




Protected Protein Supplement Based on Rumen Undegradable Protein to Enhanced Productivity of Etawah Crossbred Dairy Goats




Effect of Non-Fiber Carbohydrate Sources with Formaldehyde Protected Soybean on in vitro Fermentability and Digestibility
Salwa Iffat Zahidah Ar, Lu’lu’ Nabila Salsabila, Annisa Rosmalia, Idat Galih Permana, Despal ., and Dwierra Evvyernie
Science Alert



In Sacco and in vitro Evaluation of Heating and Formaldehyde Treated Protein Feed




Ruminal Micromineral Solubility of Indigofera zollingeriana Top-Leaves from Plants with Different Density Using In Vitro Technique
A. Ernawati, L. Abdullah, and I. G. Permana
AIP Publishing



Antibacterial Activities of Biochar and Liquid Smoke of Cacao Pod Husks against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.
N. Qomariyah, Y. Retnani, A. Jayanegara, E. Wina, and I. G. Permana
AIP Publishing



Fermentability and Digestibility of Dairy Cattle Ration Containing Corn-NFC, Protected Soybean and Sulfur Supplementation
F R Pambudi, A Rosmalia, I G Permana, and Despal
IOP Publishing
Abstract Protein is an essential nutrient for dairy cattle in order for them to produce milk. Ruminant protein value can be maximized by feeding autoclave-protected soybeans, non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) from corn, and sulfur supplementation. The purpose of this study was to see how protected soybean protein, NFC corn, and Na2SO4 supplementation affected the fermentability and digestibility of dairy cattle rations. This study used a randomized block design with five treatments: rations without corn and soybeans (R1), rations with corn but no soybeans (R2), rations with corn and soybeans (R3), rations with corn and autoclave-protected soybeans (R4), and rations with corn, autoclave-protected soybeans, and sulfur supplementation (R5) (R5). As replications, the treatments were repeated four times. The ANOVA was used to analyze the data, which was then followed by an orthogonal contrast test. The treatment had no effect on pH, protozoal number, dry matter, or organic matter digestibility. Although treatment R3 produced significantly more ammonia (P0,05) than R4 and R5, R5 produced the most VFA and total bacteria. It can be concluded that rations containing protected soybean and corn as NFC sources, as well as sulfur supplementation, increase fermentability while decreasing in vitro digestibility.


Forage Production and Nutrient Content of Different Elephant Grass Varieties Cultivated with Indigofera zollingeriana in an Intercropping System
A. Ernawati, , L. Abdullah, I. G. Permana, P. D. M. H. Karti, , , and
Media Peternakan
A proper planting system and efficient management are needed to cultivate forage effectively. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate forage production and nutrient content of different elephant grass varieties grown with Indigofera in the intercropping system and were harvested at different intervals of defoliation. The research was conducted in the dry and rainy seasons using a randomized block design with 3 factors (2x2x2) and 4 replications. The first factor was two different elephant grass varieties consisting of cv. Pakchong and Taiwan, the second factor was the planting pattern, including intercropping and monoculture, while the third factor was harvesting age, comprising 50 days and 60 days. The results showed an interaction effect between grass varieties, planting patterns, and harvesting ages. Intercropping the Pakchong varieties with Indigofera and harvesting at 60 days produced the highest forage fresh weight and DM production, ADF as well as NDF contents and yields, CP yield, and the highest carrying capacity (p<0.05) according to DM intake. When harvested at 50 days, Indigofera increased the protein content of forage, but this effect did not occur when it was harvested at 60 days. Furthermore, nutrient yields were not affected by interactions of three factors in the rainy season (p>0.05), but in the dry season, the highest ash and CP yields were produced by the Pakchong variety intercropped with Indigofera and harvesting at 60 days. The highest ADF and NDF yields were obtained from the Taiwan varieties grown in monoculture and harvested at 60 days. Based on the results, it was concluded that the two varieties of elephant grass could be cultivated with Indigofera in the intercropping system and harvesting time of 60 days will produce the highest nutrient yield and carrying capacity.


Morphological responses, biomass production and nutrient of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Pakchong under different planting patterns and harvesting ages
AZIB ERNAWATI, LUKI ABDULLAH, IDAT GALIH PERMANA, and PANCA DEWI MANU HARA KARTI
UNS Solo
Abstract. Ernawati A, Abdullah L, Permana IG, Karti PDMH. 2023. Morphological responses, biomass production and nutrient of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Pakchong under different planting patterns and harvesting ages. Biodiversitas 24: 3439-3447. Napier grass is one of the most popular grasses in tropical and subtropical regions and is a promising forage crop due to its high biomass production, nutritional quality and wide-range adaptability. An optimal management practice is required to maintain production and quality of Napier grass. This experiment examined the morphological responses, forage biomass production, and nutrient biomass of the Napier grass var Thailand (Pakchong) grown under different planting patterns and harvesting ages. The experiment used a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 2, with the first factor was planting pattern (monoculture and intercropping with Indigofera zollingeriana) and the second factor was the harvesting age (50 and 60 days). Each treatment combination was trialed at 5x5 m plot with four replicates. The results showed that planting pattern and harvesting age had significant effect (p&lt;0.05) on tiller numbers, leaves and stem biomass, stem-to-leaves ratio, fresh and dry weight production, and nutrient biomass, except for ash biomass. The highest tiller number was obtained in the intercropping pattern and harvesting age of 50 days. The highest leaves and stem biomass were produced in both planting pattern and harvesting age of 60 days. The fresh and dry weight production and nutrient biomass of Pakchong in intercropping pattern and harvesting of 60 days were higher than those of monoculture cropping. Nonetheless, effect on stem-to-leaves ratio had inconsistent result. The results of this study imply that the best production and nutrient biomass of Napier grass cv. Pakchong were obtained from the grass intercropped with Indigofera and harvesting age of 60 days.


Comparation of moist heating and formaldehyde protein protection methods and their impact on dairy ration fermentability and digestibility
A Rosmalia, C M P Kusdiana, I G Permana, D Evvyernie, D Despal, and T Toharmat
IOP Publishing
Abstract Improving protein efficiency has become the main target in dairy farming. The feeding strategy for high-producing cows is directed by optimizing non-protein nitrogen utilization while maintaining post-ruminal digested bypass protein. Soybean and soybean meal are protein sources with high biological value but are highly degradable, so they must be protected. This study aimed to compare the effect of moist heating and formaldehyde treatments as a method for protecting protein to increase rumen bypass protein. Parameters observed include fermentation profile (rumen pH, NH3, total VFA, protozoa, and total bacteria population) and nutrient digestibility. Treatments tested were an unprotected diet as control (C1), moist heating protected protein (C2), and formaldehyde protected protein (C3). Data were subjected to ANOVA using Randomized Block Design followed by orthogonal contrasts. The results showed that both moist heating and formaldehyde treatments (C2 and C3) reduced NH3 and total VFA concentration (p&lt;0.05) without affecting rumen pH, protozoa, and total bacteria count (p&gt;0.05). Dry matter and organic matter did not affect by the treatments. In conclusion, both moist heating and formaldehyde methods could be used to protect feed protein and improve bypass protein in the dairy ration.


Effect of Dietary Non-Fiber Carbohydrate Sources and Sulfur Supplementation on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Digestibility of the Dairy Ration




Dietary biochar as a feed additive for increasing livestock performance: A meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo experiment
Novia Qomariyah, Andi Ella, Salfina Nurdin Ahmad, Yenni Yusriani, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin, Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo, Yuli Retnani, Anuraga Jayanegara, Elizabeth Wina, and Idat G. Permana
Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
I.G.


Inclusion of Different Level Leucaena in Dairy Ration to Balance Rumen Degradable and Undegradable Protein Ratio
I G Permana, Despal, A Rosmalia, and M D Rahayu
IOP Publishing
Abstract Sustainability use of expensive protein source in a dairy ration requires ration formulation based on rumen degradable and undegradable protein ratio (RDUP). It improves the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and less feed residue to the environment. Providing less expensive green protein sources such as leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is also an alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dairy ration based on RDUP with leucaena addition on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. This study was conducted in a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDUP levels (R1= 60:40; R2= 55:45; R3= 50:50; R4= 45:55) and factor 2 was Leucaena addition (L1= 10%; L2= 20%; L3= 30%). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that increasing RDUP levels increased NH3 concentration and dry matter digestibility. Treatment L2 resulted in a high NH3 concentration compared to other L treatments. The combination of R1 with L2 and L3 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than other treatments. Protozoa population increased with increasing leucaena in the ration. It is concluded that dairy ration with 60:40 rumen degradable protein to undegradable protein ratio and 20% leucaena can improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.


Reformulation of Dairy Cattle Concentrate Based on Rumen Degradable Protein to Undegradable Protein Ratio at Different Energy Levels: In Vitro Study
A Rosmalia, N A Dewi, I G Permana, and Despal
IOP Publishing
Abstract Asynchronous releasing rumen degradable protein (RDP) and energy reduces rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and increases excess nutrients to the environment. Moreover, the ratio of RDP to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) was also important in improving the utilization of protein, especially for high-producing cows. However, the issue has not been a concern of most dairy concentrate manufacturers in tropical areas. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of RDP to RUP (RDUP) at different energy levels (TDN) of dairy cattle concentrate using in vitro method. The study used a 4 × 3 factorial randomized block design. The first factor was RDUP (1.50; 1.22; 1.00; 0.82) and the second factor was TDN levels (65%; 70%; 75%). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test. RDUP and TDN treatments affected NH3 concentration without interaction. Total VFA concentration, rumen bacteria, and protozoa population did not affect by the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility increased with increasing RDUP and TDN levels with an average of 71.58% and 70.67%, respectively. It is concluded that dairy concentrate based on RDP:RUP ratio at 1.50 (60:40) and 75% TDN improves fermentability and in vitro digestibility.


Producing feed protein by bioconversion of domestic and industrial organic solid wastes using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae
A S Yuwono, I G Permana, A M Syahril, and H A Br Sembiring
IOP Publishing
Abstract The bioconversion of organic solid waste utilizing Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae was used to reduce the unstable domestic supply of feed protein in Indonesia due to currency change dynamics. BSF larvae are a well-known bioconversion agent capable of producing high protein content in their body mass. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a small-scale bioconversion process of domestic and industrial organic solid wastes to produce dry BSF larvae as a protein source for chicken and fish culture. The research was held at Bogor, Indonesia, from March-June 2021, where organic solid waste from a restaurant was bioconverted by BSF larvae in a biopond. After two weeks, the BSF larvae were harvested, dried, and milled to produce the powder. Based on SNI 7548:2009, the quality of pellets from BSF larvae and pupae was appropriate, except for the parameters of fat content in pellet A and water and ash content in pellet B. The results showed that fish pellets mixed with 20% protein flour affected the weight growth of Pangasius sp. Furthermore, when dried BSF larvae powder was applied to one-day-old chickens, they grew somewhat quicker than the standard feed menu. Therefore, organic solid waste, when appropriately managed, produces feed protein.


Nutritional improvement of oil palm and sugarcane plantation waste by solid-state fermentation of Marasmiellus palmivorus
F Fitriyah, M A Aziz, S Wahyuni, H Fadila, I G Permana, Priyono, and Siswanto
IOP Publishing
Abstract The agricultural sector of Indonesia comprises large oil palm and sugarcane plantations. Nearly 50% of the material resulted in organic waste with high lignin and cellulose content during palm oil and sugarcane production. The lignocellulolytic activity of white-rot fungi has been reported to improve the digestibility and nutrient content of plantation waste into feedstock. This study treated lignocellulose waste, including palm kernel meal, oil palm empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond, sugarcane tops, and sugarcane pressmud with white-rot fungi solid-state fermentation system in a petri dish with two replicates. The growth of the fungus in each waste was observed. The Nutrient content, including water, ash, lipid, protein, crude fiber; and the digestibility, including crude and organic fiber digestion of fermented and unfermented waste, were measured. The molecular identification of white-rot fungi in this study was revealed to be Marasmiellus palmivorus. The result indicated that fermentation of M. palmivorus increased the protein level of sugarcane pressmud, palm kernel meal, oil palm frond, and empty fruit bunch. Fermentation also improved digestibility up to 12%. It is concluded that M. palmivorus has a high potential to enhance the digestibility and nutritive value of lignocellulose waste in oil palm and sugarcane plantations.


In vitro growth induction of Ceratobasidium theobromae, the causal agent of cacao Vascular Streak Dieback disease
Giyanto, U R Hastika, I Permana, and D Wahyuno
IOP Publishing
Abstract Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) disease, caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, has devastated cacao plants in Indonesia and other countries. However, there is limited information on the biology of the fungus, including mass propagation method. This study aimed to find a technique in inducing the growth of C. theobromae as inoculum sources. The stages of research were sampling the plant cacao tissue infected by C. theobromae; induction of mycelia growth on infected cacao tissue using coconut water, glucose, and sucrose; and confirmation C. theobromae by morphology, pathogenicity test on cacao seedling, and genetic. We found characteristic symptoms of VSD disease in cocoa plantations marked by chlorosis in cocoa leaves and blackening of the node on the leaf petiole. The growth induction of C. theobromae could be performed using a 2% glucose solution. The hyaline hyphae, perpendicular branching of hyphae, and a dolipare septate were shown in the hyphae structure. Pathogenicity test of mycelia C. theobromae from infected plant tissue showed typical symptoms of VSD. Genetic confirmation by PCR method successfully amplified specific target DNA of C. theobromae resulted in ± 550 bp amplicon. The result could be performed to propagate C. theobromae inoculum for various purposes in studying VSD disease.


Synchronization of rumen degradable protein with non-fiber carbohydrate on microbial protein synthesis and dairy ration digestibility
Annisa Rosmalia, Idat Galih Permana, and Despal Despal
Veterinary World
Background and Aim: Dairy ration formulations should consider the synchronization of the rumen degradable protein (RDP) to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) ratio (RDPR) with non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) to achieve optimum microbial protein synthesis (MPS), reduce feed costs, and reduce N excretion to the environment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RDPR and NFC synchronization on in vitro digestibility, fermentability, and MPS. Materials and Methods: The experiment used a 3×3 factorial randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was RDPR (RDPR1=50:50; RDPR2=55:45; RDPR3=60:40) and the second factor was NFC levels (NFC1=30%, NFC2=35%, NFC3=40%). The experimental diets were evaluated using a two-stage in vitro method. The examined parameters included rumen pH, NH3 concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, the molar proportion of VFAs, rumen microbes (protozoa and total bacteria population), and MPS. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the Duncan test. Results: The results show that neither RDPR nor NFC affected rumen pH, NH3, total VFA, and the rumen microbe population. The interaction between RDPR and NFC affected the molar proportion of acetate, iso-butyrate, and n-valerate. The combination of RDPR1 and NFC1 produced a lower molar proportion of acetate (49.73%) than the other treatment combinations (&gt;54%). The acetate to propionate ratio was influenced by the NFC levels, in which NFC2 and NFC3 produced the highest ratio (p&lt;0.05). MPS was affected by RDPR and NFC, but not by their interaction. Treatments NFC2 and RDPR3 produced the highest MPS. NFC affected the dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD), with treatment NFC3 resulting in the highest DMD and OMD. Conclusion: The combination of a 60:40 RDPR with 35% NFC resulted in the best synchronization of protein and energy available for MPS and digestion activity in the rumen.


Effect of rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation
A Rosmalia, Astriani, W P Sahroni, I G Permana, and Despal
IOP Publishing
Abstract The availability of nitrogen and sulfur in the rumen should be synchronized to generate microbial protein synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The experimental design was a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDP levels (%CP) (R1= 60%; R2= 55%; R3= 50%; R4= 45%), and factor 2 was sulfur supplementation (S1= 0%; S2= 0.1%; S3= 0.2%). Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that sulfur supplementation improved DMD and OMD without changes in rumen pH. NH3 concentration was influenced by RDP levels. Treatment R1 had the highest NH3 concentration (7.03 mM). There was an interaction of two factors on total VFA concentration. The combination of R1 and S2 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than others. The total bacteria population increased with increasing RDP levels. Protozoa population was affected by RDP levels and sulfur supplementation. This study concluded that a combination of 60% RDP and 0.2% sulfur supplementation resulted in the best ration to improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.


The use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict dairy fibre feeds in vitro digestibility
R. Zahera, L.A. Sari, I.G. Permana, and Despal
IOP Publishing
AbstractInformation on dairy fibre feed digestibility is important in ration formulation to better predict dairy cattle performance. However, its measurement takes time. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid, precise, and cost-effective method to predict nutrient value, such as chemical content and digestibility of feedstuffs. This study aims to develop a database for an in vitro digestibility prediction model using NIRS, including dry matter digestibility (DMD), neutral and acid detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD and ADFD), and hemicellulose digestibility (HSD). Eighty dietary fibre feeds consisting of Napier grass, natural grass, rice straw, corn stover, and corn-husk were collected from four dairy farming areas in West Java (Cibungbulang District of Bogor Regency, Parung Kuda District of Sukabumi Regency, Pangalengan District of Bandung Regency, and Lembang District of West Bandung Regency). The spectrum for each sample was collected thrice using NIRSflex 500, which was automatically separated by 2/3 for calibration and 1/3 for validation. External validation was conducted by measuring 20 independent samples. Calibration and validation models were carried out by NIRCal V5.6 using the partial least squares (PLS) regression. The results showed that all parameters produce r2&gt; 0.5 except for ADFD. Relative prediction deviation (RPD) &gt; 1.5 was only found in hemicellulose digestibility prediction. RPL (SEP/SEL) &lt;1.0 were found in DMD and hemicellulose digestibility. It is concluded that hemicellulose digestibility can be predicted using NIRS accurately while other parameters need improvement.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Characterization of Protein Degradation in Tropical Dairy Feedstuff Using the In Sacco Method
IG Permana, A Rosmalia, SFI Rahmat, D Despal, R Zahera
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 29 (4), 181-192 2024



Analysis of The Best Secondary Metabolite Compound of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Against Staphylococcus epidermidis
TW Apriliana, IG Permana, DE Amirroenas, ES Rohaeni
2024 Frontier in Sustainable Agromaritime and Environmental Development 2024



Optimizing tropical dairy goat diets: balancing rumen degradable protein, non-fiber carbohydrates, and sulfur requirements
IG Permana, A Rosmalia, FY Anggarini, D Despal, T Toharmat, ...
Animal Bioscience 2024



Coconut Fatty Acid Distillate Ca-Soap with Different Calcium Sources: Effects of Varied Proportions of Protected and Unprotected Fat Supplementation in Dairy Rations
R Zahera, MI Pratiwi, A Fitri, S Koike, IG Permana, Despal
Dairy 5 (3), 542-554 2024



Supplementing broiler diets with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as a protein source: performance, carcass traits, viscera organ, and economic perspectives
IG Permana, DM Suci, AS Yuwono, Y Firdaus, SR Mawarni, A Rosmalia
Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research 14 (6), 959-963 2024



Protected Protein Supplement Based on Rumen Undegradable Protein to Enhanced Productivity of Etawah Crossbred Dairy Goats
IG Permana, FR Pambudi, SIZ Arif, Despal, A Rosmalia
Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 14 (2), 247-258 2024



Evaluasi Kualitas Nutrien Dedak Padi di Provinsi Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Perbedaan Musim terhadap Standar Nasional Indonesia
IB Wibowo, IG Permana, Nahrowi
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 22 (1), 1-8 2024



In Sacco and in vitro Evaluation of Heating and Formaldehyde Treated Protein Feed
A Rosmalia, IG Permana, Despal, T Toharmat
American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 19 (1), 74-85 2024



Carob sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif dalam Konsentrat Sapi Perah terhadap Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan secara In Vitro
AH Nuriman, IG Permana, DE Amirroenas
2024



Pemberian Tanin terhadap Performa, Kecernaan, Nutrien, dan Profil Darah Pedet.
FAFP Prana, IG Permana, A Fitri
2024



Dampak Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) Terhadap Produktivitas Sapi Perah di Kecamatan Pangalengan dan Strategi Penanganannya
MH Nurhasan, IG Permana
2024



Evaluasi Pemberian Wafer Suplemen Mengandung Prill Fat Terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Kambing Perah
W Tusiyawati, Y Retnani, IG Permana
2024



Studi In Vitro: Optimasi Proteksi Protein Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) dengan Suhu dan Lama Waktu Pemanasan Berbeda
RAYU DESTRISATANIA, IG Permana, DE Amirroenas
2024



Evaluasi Status Dietary Cation-Anion Difference pada Sapi Pre-Partum dan Post-Partum terhadap Performa Sapi di Koperasi Peternakan Bandung Selatan Pangalengan
N Afifa, IG Permana
2024



Evaluasi Pakan Silase Total Mixed Ration Terhadap Kecernaan dan Fermentabilitas Rumen Sapi Perah
J Susanti, IG Permana, WD Astuti
2024



Evaluasi Bubuk Carob sebagai Sumber Energi terhadap Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan Ransum Sapi Perah secara In Vitro
S Salehudin, IG Permana, DE Amirroenas
2024



Status DCAD Pakan dan Hubungannya Dengan Produksi Susu dan Gangguan Metabolisme Pada Sapi Perah Laktasi di Peternakan Rakyat Bogor
H Genuisty, IG Permana
2024



Evaluasi Status Mineral DCAD Pakan Sapi Perah Pre-partum dan Post partum di KPSBU Lembang
IG Permana
2024



Effect of Non-Fiber Carbohydrate Sources with Formaldehyde Protected Soybean on in vitro Fermentability and Digestibility
SIZ Arif, LN Salsabila, A Rosmalia, IG Permana, Despal, D Evvyernie
International Journal of Dairy Science 19 (1), 1-7 2024



Comparative Analysis of Calcium Sources for Enhancing Protection in Coconut Fatty Acid Distillate Ca-soap Production using FTIR
R Zahera, MI Pratiwi, A Fitri, S Koike, IG Permana, D Despal
BIO Web of Conferences 123, 01027 2024

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Penggunaan berbagai sumber karbohidrat terlarut air untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase daun rami
D Despal, IG Permana, SN Safarina, AJ Tatra
Media Peternakan 34 (1), 69-69 2011
Citations: 89



Produksi dan komposisi nutrisi serta kecernaan in vitro Indigofera sp pada interval dan tinggi pemotongan berbeda
A Tarigan, L Abdullah, SP Ginting, IG Permana
JITV 19 (2) 2010
Citations: 85



Peningkatan produksi ternak ruminansia melalui amoniasi pakan serat bermutu rendah, defaunasi dan suplementasi sumber protein tahan degradasi dalam rumen
T Sutardi, D Sastradipradja, T Toharmat, AS Tjakradidjaja, IG Permana
Laporan Penelitian Hibah Bersaing 1994 1993
Citations: 60



Studi hubungan respon ukuran tubuh dan pemberian pakan terhadap pertumbuhan sapi pedet dan dara pada lokasi yang berbeda
S Syawal, BP Purwanto, IG Permana
JITP 2 (3), 175-188 2013
Citations: 49



Forage production and nutrient composition of different sorghum varieties cultivated with indigofera in intercropping system
M Telleng, KG Wiryawan, P Karti, IG Permana, L Abdullah
Media Peternakan 39 (3), 203-209 2016
Citations: 39



Utilization of mungbean’s green house fodder and silage in the ration for lactating dairy cows
R Zahera, IG Permana, Despal
Media Peternakan 38 (2), 123-131 2015
Citations: 36



Teknik Membuat Biskuit Pakan Ternak dari Limbah Pertanian
Y Retnani, IG Permana, NR Kumalasari
Penebar Swadaya Grup 2015
Citations: 36



Synchronization of rumen degradable protein with non-fiber carbohydrate on microbial protein synthesis and dairy ration digestibility
A Rosmalia, IG Permana, D Despal
Veterinary World 15 (2), 252 2022
Citations: 28



Model pendugaan total digestible nutrient (TDN) pada hijauan pakan tropis menggunakan komposisi nutrien
AS Indah, IG Permana, D Despal
Sains Peternakan: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Peternakan 18 (1), 38-43 2020
Citations: 26



Introduction of Complete Ration Silage to Substitute the Conventional Ration at Traditional Dairy Farms in Lembang
U Hasanah, IG Permana, Despal
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 16 (8), 577-587. 2017
Citations: 26



Utilization of bioslurry on maize hydroponic fodder as a corn silage supplement on nutrient digestibility and milk production of dairy cows
HD Nugroho, IG Permana, Despal
Media Peternakan 38 (1), 70-76 2015
Citations: 26



Prediction accuracy improvement of Indonesian dairy cattle fiber feed compositions using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy local database
D Despal, LA Sari, R Chandra, R Zahera, IG Permana, L Abdullah
Tropical Animal Science Journal 43 (3), 263-269 2020
Citations: 24



Use of sugarcane bagasse for mushroom and animal feed production
IG Permana, G Flachowsky, U ter Meulen, F Zadrazil
Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi 2000 1, 385 2000
Citations: 24



Effect of feeding frequency on survival and growth of juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus versicolor in Indonesia
S Syafrizal, CM Jones, IG Permana, NBP Utomo
Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation 11, 1427-1434 2018
Citations: 23



Kondisi Fisiologis, Profil Darah Dan Status Mineral Pada Induk dan Anak Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE)(Physiological Conditions, Blood Profile and Mineral Statues of Kid and Doe
E Rosita, IG Permana, T Toharmat, D Despal
Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak 13 (1) 2015
Citations: 23



Model penentuan suhu kritis pada sapi perah berdasarkan kemampuan produksi dan manajemen pakan
D Suherman, BP Purwanto, W Manalu, IG Permana
Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia 8 (2), 121-138 2013
Citations: 23



Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes on lignocellulose substrates for fruiting bodies and animal feed production
IG Permana, U Ter Meulen, G Flachowsky, F Zadrazil
Deutscher Tropentag 200, 137-143 2000
Citations: 23



Physical characteristic and palatability of biscuit bio-supplement for dairy goat
Y Retnani, IG Permana, LC Purba
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 17 (5), 725-729 2014
Citations: 21



Pemberian Pakan Sapi Perah
Despal, IG Permana, T Toharmat, DE Amirroennas
IPB Press 2017
Citations: 20



Addition of water soluble carbohydrate sources prior to ensilage for ramie leaves silage qualities improvement.
D Despal, IG Permana, SN Safarina, AJ Tatra
Media Peternakan 34 (1), 69-76 2011
Citations: 20