Lipids dysregulation in diseases: core concepts, targets and treatment strategies Tikam Chand Dakal, Feng Xiao, Chandra Kanta Bhusal, Poorna Chandrika Sabapathy, Rakesh Segal, Juan Chen, Xiaodong Bai Lipids in Health and Disease, 2025 Lipid metabolism is a well-regulated process essential for maintaining cellular functions and energy homeostasis. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. This review explores the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism, emphasizing the roles of key lipid species such as triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. It also examines the genetic and environmental factors contributing to lipid dysregulation and the challenges of diagnosing and managing lipid-related disorders. Recent advancements in lipid-lowering therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and olpasiran, provide promising treatment options. However, these advancements are accompanied by challenges related to cost, accessibility, and patient adherence. The review highlights the need for personalized medicine approaches to address the interplay between genetics and environmental factors in lipid metabolism. As lipidomics and advanced diagnostic tools continue to progress, a deeper understanding of lipid-related disorders could pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies.
Advancements in Immunology: Comprehensive Insights into Autoimmune Disorders, Diagnostic Innovations, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. Autoimmune Disorders and Secondary Plant Metabolites Part 1, 2025
Conversion of Agroindustrial Wastes to Rhamnolipid by Enterobacter sp. UJS-RC and Its Role against Biofilm-Forming Foodborne Pathogens Radhika Chandankere, Yuvaraj Ravikumar, Hossain M. Zabed, Poorna Chandrika Sabapathy, Junhua Yun, Guoyan Zhang, Xianghui Qi Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020 Rhamnolipid is the main group of biosurfactants predominantly produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen, which limits its large-scale exploitation. Thus, cost-effective rhamnolipid production from a newly isolated nonpathogenic Enterobacter sp. UJS-RC was investigated. The highest rhamnolipid production (4.4 ± 0.2 g/L) was achieved in a medium constituting agroindustrial wastes (sugarcane molasses and corn steep liquor) as substrates. Rhamnolipid exhibited reduced surface tension to 72-28 mN/m with an emulsification index of 75%. The structural analyses demonstrated the presence of methoxyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups in rhamnolipid. Mass spectra indicated eight rhamnolipid congeners, where dirhamnolipid (m/z 650.01) was the dominant congener. Rhamnolipid inhibited biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner, supported by scanning electron microscopy disclosing the disruption of the microcolony/exopolysaccharide matrix. Rhamnolipid's ability to generate reactive oxygen species has thrown light on the mechanism through which the killing of test bacteria may occur.