Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Criminal Liability: Integrating Neuroscience, Legal Theory, and Islamic Thought Rafika Nur, Azwad Rachmat Hambali, Ridwanto Igirisa, Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar, Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Mohammed Zabidi Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society, 2025 This article examines the relationship between neurocognitive dysfunction, criminal behaviour, legal theory, and Islamic thought, with particular attention to the neurobiological foundations of moral decision-making and criminal responsibility. Employing an interdisciplinary normative approach that integrates cognitive neuroscience, criminal law theory, moral philosophy, and Islamic jurisprudence, this study analyses how neurobiological dysfunctions especially those affecting the prefrontal cortex and amygdala may influence impulse control, moral judgement, and antisocial conduct. Drawing exclusively on a critical review of scholarly literature, judicial decisions, and normative legal sources, the article explores the implications of neuroscientific findings for concepts of free will, moral agency, and criminal liability. The analysis demonstrates that while neuroscientific evidence has the potential to inform sentencing mitigation and rehabilitative strategies, its application raises significant ethical and legal challenges, particularly concerning biological determinism, evidentiary reliability, and procedural fairness. From an Islamic legal perspective, sound intellect (‘aql) constitutes the foundation of taklīf (legal responsibility), yet Islamic jurisprudence recognises circumstances in which responsibility may be diminished or removed, in accordance with the principles of raf‘ al-ḥaraj and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The article argues that the absence of clear procedural standards and limited doctrinal integration of neuroscience within criminal justice systems particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia necessitates a more coherent normative framework. Ultimately, this study proposes a holistic and ethically grounded approach to criminal justice reform that integrates neuroscientific insights with legal principles and religious values, aiming to enhance proportionality, procedural justice, and human dignity.
Manifestations of Gender Injustice in Divorced Marriages: The Kabalutan Tradition Susi Susilawati, Baliana Amir, Muhammad Ikbal, Rafika Nur, Sitti Fatimah Maddusila Jambura Law Review, 2023 This research entitled "Manifestations of Gender Injustice in the Tradition of Divorced Marriage in Kabalutan" is motivated by mass media information which states that in that village, there are many widows of various ages. From young to old age. It was also stated that in this village, it was easy to marry and divorce. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze this tradition from a gender perspective. So that it can be known which parties are harmed by this tradition, to be given socialization of what laws are needed there. The method is an empirical research method with primary data sources from traditional leaders and community leaders in the village. The stages are from surveys, observations, and conducting interviews, as well as collecting data for analysis and giving conclusions. The results of his research are that the term "widows' village" is a term that appeared during the population census in the 90s. At that time, there were many widows in Kabalutan Village for various reasons. But now, not anymore. Thus, the conclusion is that the stereotype of "Kampung Widow" towards Kabalutan Village, Talatako District, Tojo Una Una Regency is a manifestation of gender injustice. The people in the village are not comfortable with this labelling. In addition, it is not proven by the many widows there; it is also not the name of their village. Therefore, they asked to give only Kabalutan Village.
Comparative Law Study: Sentencing of Sexual Violence Perpetrators Who have Deviant Sexual Behavior Nurhayati Mardin, Andi Intan Purnamasari, Nurul Miqat, Adiguna Kharismawan, Rafika Nur Jambura Law Review, 2022 The purpose of this paper is to find the ideal form of punishment for perpetrators of sexual violence who suffer from deviant sexual behavior. The method in this study is a normative legal research type, where activities are carried out by researching and analyzing the forms of sanctions and punishments regulated in positive law, in addition to conducting a comparative study of the provisions in positive law in Indonesia in the perspective of the types of sanctions against perpetrators of sexual violence crimes. who suffer from deviant sexual behavior. The results show that the ideal form of sanctions imposed on perpetrators of sexual violence who suffer from deviant sexual behavior should not only focus on imprisonment, however, it must be accompanied by other treatments or actions to treat the deviations in sexual behavior he suffers as mandated in the Sexual Violence Criminal Act, which is to combine imprisonment and special rehabilitation to cure his sexual behavior deviations. With the imposition of imprisonment alone, it will not be able to treat the main factor that triggers sexual violence crimes committed by perpetrators who suffer from deviant sexual behavior, so that rehabilitation or treatment efforts are important things that must be done so that there is no repeated or recidive crime.
Limitation of harbormaster responsibility in ship accidents Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar, . Abbas, Rafika Nur Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2021 As the government in the port, the harbormaster has the responsibility to guarantee the safety and security of shipping. In shipping, the harbormaster, shipowner and captain are the trident of the security and safety of shipping. This research is a normative-legal research using a statute, comparative and conceptual approaches. The research results indicate that the concept of limiting the responsibility of a harbormaster in a ship accident is a ship accident not necessarily a criminal offense prior to the preliminary examination by the harbormaster and a further examination by the shipping court, if the results of the examination indicate a criminal act, the parties The police can conduct investigations into ship accident events based on the results of the examination by the harbormaster and the shipping court. In the event of a ship accident, the harbormaster has a relative or limited responsibility to the fulfillment and compliance of the implementation of maritime safety, security and safety of shipping in the form of the issuance of a sailing approval letter for ships leaving the port in accordance with applicable rules and procedures so that the harbormaster is not absolutely responsible for the circumstances that occur after the ship leaves port, but it has become the authority and responsibility of the ship commander.
 
 Received: 17 January 2021 / Accepted: 9 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
Local Wisdom of Customary Law Community to Realize Food Sovereignty in Central Sulawesi Nurul Miqat, Rafika Nur, Virgayani Fattah, Susi Sulilawati, Intan Purnamasari Jambura Law Review, 2021 Indigenous peoples have the right to food sovereignty, the right of indigenous peoples to meet food needs following local wisdom owned by indigenous peoples following their potential resources and culture, produced independently with their systems. Food production systems follow the conditions of traditional territories, traditional values / norms and knowledge of indigenous peoples, agricultural systems, trade, fisheries, and other production systems in traditional territories. Central Sulawesi, as one of the provinces that still has several areas, which are indigenous community areas, has local wisdom in terms of food security. The availability of food based on the independence of an area cannot be separated from the efforts of the community to maintain regional food security in a way that has become the standard of behavior of the surrounding community in managing the environment that can produce quality food, one of which is the standard of community behavior which is reflected in local wisdom. Through local wisdom in managing the environment, it is hoped that it will be a concrete step to strengthen it carrying capacity, especially in the food aspect. Through Law No. 18 of 2012, which seeks to give obligations to the state to respect, fulfill and protect the right to food of the Indonesian people without exception.
Model of Punishment: Juvenile Justice Systems Rafika Nur, Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar, Nurul Miqat, Darmawati Darmawati, Mustawa Mustawa Jambura Law Review, 2021 The position of children who have special rights in the law makes children get special treatment. In the juvenile justice system in Indonesia, there are two systems of sanctions, namely criminal sanctions and actions, and this is done to realize the protection of children who are dealing with the law. This research is a normative juridical review, using a statute, comparative and conceptual approaches. The results show that the imposition of sanctions on children is based on the child's age, where children aged 12 to before 14 years can only be sanctioned with actions, and children aged 14 to before 18 years may be subject to criminal sanctions or actions.
The imposition of sanctions for children Rafika Nur, Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar Hasanuddin Law Review, 2020 In the children criminal justice system in Indonesia, there are two systems of sanctions namely criminal sanctions and sanctions actions. A child who commits a criminal offense may be subject to criminal sanctions or sanctions. Imposing sanctions for children becomes something oriented towards coaching and protecting children. However, the imposition of sanctions for children can not be effective because of conflicting legal rules, law enforcement officials who have different paradigms in guarding the legal process against children, facilities and infrastructure that are incomplete and inadequate, making it difficult to enforce sanctions on children as well as the poor stigmatization of society against children in conflict with the law.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Inovasi Asesmen Untuk Mengurangi Residivisme: Menerapkan Model Risiko Residivis dan Asesmen Kriminogenik D Darmawati, R Nur, S Saharuddin, MA Tajuddin, H Haritsa, H Badu PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia , 2026 2026
A Sustainable Rehabilitation Model for Children in Conflict with the Law: Conceptually Toward Global Protection and Recidivism Reduction R Nur, D Darmawati, H Lahaling, HS Bakhtiar, AFM Zabidi Jambura Law Review 1 (1) , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Legal Consciousness and Marriage Guardianship in a Diasporic Muslim Community: Wali Hakim Practices in Manado W Purwadi, AFBM Zabidi, R Nur, U Suandi NAKA Journal of Transcultural Law & Social Studies 1 (2), 83-100 , 2025 2025
Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Criminal Liability: Integrating Neuroscience, Legal Theory, and Islamic Thought R Nur, AR Hambali, R Igirisa, HS Bakhtiar, AFM Zabidi Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society 4 (2), 329-356 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Penegakan Hukum Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement Bagi Masyarakat Di Wilayah Provinsi Gorontalo. M Kadri, R Nur, N Insani Law & Social Justice Journal 3 (III), 165-173 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Penerapan Sanksi terhadap Pelanggaran Aturan Over Dimensi Over Load (ODOL) N Pramana, R Nur Law & social justice journal 3 (II), 102-111 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Restorative Justice Oleh Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Gorontalo Terhadap Tindak Pidana Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Di Kota Gorontalo R Karim, R Nur, S Rais Law & Social Justice Journal 3 (II), 90-101 , 2025 2025
Penerapan Sanksi terhadap Pelanggaran Aturan Over Dimensi Over Load (ODOL) RN Nova Pramana Law and Social Justice Journal 3 (2), 102-111 , 2025 2025
Analisis Hukum Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Anak Dalam Sistem Peradilan Di Indonesia RN Suprin Pakaya Law and Social Justice Journal 3 (1), 24-33 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Restorative Justice Oleh Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Gorontalo Terhadap Tindak Pidana Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Di Kota Gorontalo SR Rosmawaty Karim, Rafika Nur Law and Social Justice Journal 3 (2), 90-101 , 2025 2025
Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak : Model Pembinaan Anak Di LPKA dan BAPAS R Rafika Nur, Erik Murdiyanto, Agus Risdianto, Deddy H Abdul, Harun A Badu 2024
Application of Criminal Sanctions Law Against Debt Collectors Withdrawing Fiduciary Guarantee Objects R Nur, RA Gobel, S Sumiyati, Z Abbas JURNAL LEGALITAS 17 (2), 202-214 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
The Idea of Legal Reform Implementation Assessment Risks and Criminogenic Needs of Residivist Inmates in Overcoming Residivism HAB Darmawati Darmawati, Rafika Nur IJLR: International Journal Of Law Reconstruction 8 (2), 343-359 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST TRAFFICKING OF NARCOTICS & PROHIBITED DRUGS IN POHUWATO DISTRICT MR ALHASNI, S BEDDU, R NUR JIHAD: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN ADMINISTRASI Учредители: Lembaga Penelitian dan … , 2024 2024
Implementation of Restorative Justice on Traffic Accident Crimes Committed by Children in the Legal Area of the Gorontalo City Police A Podungge, D Darmawati, R Nur JIHAD: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN ADMINISTRASI Учредители: Lembaga Penelitian dan … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Democratic Regional Head Elections Are Based on the Principles of Freedom, Openness, Honesty and Fairness WM Akili, R Nur, M MARWAN Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan (JISIP) 8, 1448-54 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF UNLAWFUL ACT ELEMENTS IN CORRUPTION CRIME CASES AGAINST NORTH SULAWESI BANK DEBTORS (REVIEW OF DECISION NUMBER 11/PID. SUS-TPK/2021/PN GTO) F ULOLI, R NUR, A ARTI JISIP (JURNAL ILMU SOSIAL DAN PENDIDIKAN) Учредители: Lembaga Penelitian dan … , 2024 2024
Perspektif Masyarakat Terhadap Perilaku Oknum Polisi Mempengaruhi Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Di Wilayah Kepolisian Daerah Gorontalo R Nur Al Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Ketatanegaraan/Al Daulah: jurnal hukum … , 2023 2023
Perspektif masyarakat terhadap perilaku oknum polisi mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan publik di wilayah kepolisian daerah Gorontalo H Lahaling, K Makkulawuzar, R Rahmawati, R Nur, D Darmawati, ... Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Ketatanegaraan 12 (1), 78-89 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Analisis Hukum Pemenuhan Hak Anak Untuk Memperoleh Diversi Terhadap Problematika Anak Residivis J Ribunu, R Nur, N Insani Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Ilmu Sosial 2 (3), 18-40 , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Esistensi Lembaga Perlindungan Khusus Anak (LPKA) di Kota Gorontalo R Nur Jurnal Cahaya Keadilan 5 (2), 60-71 , 2017 2017.0 Citations: 18
The imposition of sanctions for children R Nur, HS Bakhtiar Hasanuddin Law Review, 165-171 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 15
Manifestations of Gender Injustice in Divorced Marriages: The Kabalutan Tradition S Susilawati, B Amir, M Ikbal, R Nur, SF Maddusila Jambura Law Review 5 (1), 136-155 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 14
Model of Child Prisoners Counseling (A Comparative Study in Japan, Malaysia and Indonesia) R Nur, HS Bakhtiar Citations: 14
Sistem Peradilan Pidana R Nur, B Amriyanto, HS Bakhtiar, S Purwanda Gorontalo, CV Cahaya Arsh Publisher & Printing , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 9
Local Wisdom of Customary Law Community to Realize Food Sovereignty in Central Sulawesi N Miqat, R Nur, V Fattah, S Sulilawati, I Purnamasari Jambura Law Review 3 (2), 277-294 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 9
Analisis Hukum Pemenuhan Hak Anak Untuk Memperoleh Diversi Terhadap Problematika Anak Residivis J Ribunu, R Nur, N Insani Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Ilmu Sosial 2 (3), 18-40 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 8
Perspektif masyarakat terhadap perilaku oknum polisi mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan publik di wilayah kepolisian daerah Gorontalo H Lahaling, K Makkulawuzar, R Rahmawati, R Nur, D Darmawati, ... Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Ketatanegaraan 12 (1), 78-89 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 6
Analisis Kriminologi Perilaku Seks Menyimpang Warga Binaan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Provinsi Gorontalo M Sapii, S Beddu, R Nur Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Ilmu Sosial 2 (3), 01-17 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 6
Reformulation of the Recidivist Concept in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia NM Rafika Nur, Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar, Prayitno Imam Santoso Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 7 (Desember), 16-21 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 6
Limitation of Harbormaster Responsibility in Ship Accidents HS Bakhtiar, R Nur Acad. J. Interdiscip. Stud 10, 375-83 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 6
Pengaturan Self Determination dalam hukum Internasional (studi kemerdekaan negara Kosovo) R Nur Jurnal Hukum Internasional 69 , 2013 2013.0 Citations: 6
Pengawasan Peredaran Kosmetik Ilegal Oleh BPOM Di Gorontalo K Mokodongan, R Nur, A Arti Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik 1 (1), 210-222 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 5
Model Of Punishment: Juvenile Justice Systems R Nur, HS Bakhtiar, N Miqat, D Darmawati, M Mustawa Jambura Law Review 3, 35-56 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 5
Rekonstruksi Sanksi Tindakan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak R Nur Universitas Hasanuddin , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 5
Insult and Defamation through Information Technology: Indonesia Perspective R Nur, Dharmawati, HS Bakhtiar, DN Siliwadi, HS Bakhtiar International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11 (4), 373-378 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 5
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Penyertaan Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan NA Lahabu, R Nur, D Darmawati Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Ilmu Sosial 2 (3), 41-58 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 4
The practice of people smuggling in Indonesia: Draconian laws for a better life N Miqat, R Nur, MNK Dewi, AS Rezky International Journal of Global Community 1 (2), 97-108 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 4
Pengaturan Self Determination Dalam Hukum Internasional (Studi Kemerdekaan Kosovo) R Nur Jurnal Hukum Internasional 1 (1) , 2013 2013.0 Citations: 4
