Raja Balakrishnan
@iiitdm.ac.in
IIITDM Kancheepuram
Scopus Publications
- Parametric investigation of spray drying Na2Fe0.6Mn0.4PO4F/C cathode material: evaluating heat and mass characteristics
R. Pothi Raj, B. Raja
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2026 - Enhancing quadcopter motor performance prediction using Jaya-optimized feed forward neural network
Chandrasekaran Ravichandran, Raja Balakrishanan, Selvajyothi Kamakshy
Electrical Engineering, 2025 - A Robust Online Series Arc Fault Detection for Single-Phase Systems
G Reji, K Selvajyothi, B Raja
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2025
This research focuses on real-time detection of series arc faults (SAFs) using line current analysis and load category recognition to increase reliability. These faults can be caused by loose connections or material deterioration, resulting in overheating, fire hazards, and device failure. Detecting SAF in electrical networks is difficult due to heterogeneous load categories and nonlinear currents in electronic loads, which can cause false alarms. A threshold in total harmonic distortion (THD) based on the root mean square (rms) value of the current (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {THD}_{I\_{\text {RMS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) differentiates SAF occurrence in electrical and individual electronic loads. The sum of magnitudes of selected harmonic components determines the SAF in solo or combined electrical loads. The rate of change of current (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta i/{\Delta n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) guarantees the occurrence of SAF in combined electronic loads. The sum of selected harmonics and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Delta i}/{\Delta n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> confirm the occurrence of SAF in mixed loads. The complete experimental setup, including the proposed algorithm in NI ELVIS II, is kept under ambient atmospheric conditions. Validation yielded a high success rate of 98.8%, with reproducibility confirmed using a dataset of 14 loads and 54 combinations of normal and series arcing circumstances. The missed detection rate is 1.2%, ensuring accurate SAF detection with low errors. Usefully, the algorithm does not produce any false alarms. - Study on volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficient in a spray drying process utilizing pressure swirl nozzle: A numerical and experimental approach
R. Pothi Raj, B. Raja
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2024 - Design of bidirectional DC - DC converters and controllers for hybrid energy sources in electric vehicles
R. Chandrasekaran, M. Satish Kumar Reddy, K. Selvajyothi, B. Raja
Power Converters Drives and Controls for Sustainable Operations, 2024
The bidirectional converters become an integral part of Hybrid Energy Management Systems (HEMS) which can transfer power both in forward and reverse directions. This chapter examines the control strategy for HEMS through different bidirectional converters such as Boost converters, Interleaved Boost converters (IBC), combined SEPIC Luo converters, and Dual Boost Converters (DBC). The HEMS requires the energy transfer among various sources and the drivetrain of the Electric Vehicle (EV) and vice versa. The features of each bidirectional converter fed from the battery and supercapacitor to drive a PMDC motor are discussed to validate the control strategy used for the Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). This study provides a performance level comparison of various converters and helps to realize the appropriate converter topology and specification. - Investigating THD for Series Arc Fault Detection in Single-phase Electrical Networks
Reji G., Selvajyothi K., Raja B.
Icepe 2024 6th International Conference on Energy Power and Environment Towards Indigenous Energy Utilization, 2024
Series arc fault (SAF) detection is a laborious challenge when the electrical network includes multiple electrical installations. Moreover, arcing deteriorates the quality and life of the utilities that are connected to the network. This is because arcing can inject strong harmonics into the circuit which is greater than the widely accepted range. In this work, the feasibility of SAF detection using the total harmonic distortion (THD) in current for individual & combined electrical, and electronic loads is explored. From the analysis, it is inferred that this investigation aids in identifying the limit for THD eventually leading to reliable series arc fault detection. - Surface enhancement for boiling heat transfer through micro holes for electronic cooling applications
Rinku Kumar Gouda, G Srinivasan, V Umesh, B Raja
Sadhana Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 2023 - Endpoint estimation using a measurement sensor for freeze-drying process control
T. Jeyapradhap, G. Srinivasan, B. Raja
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2023 - Heat and mass transfer characteristics during spray drying of Na2Fe0.6Mn0.4PO4F/C cathode material for Na-ion batteries
K. Rajasekar, B. Raja
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023 - Experimental investigation on volumetric heat transfer coefficient during intermittent spray drying of mannitol solution
Rajasekar Krishnamoorthy, Raja Balakrishnan
Drying Technology, 2023
The paper presents a detailed experimental investigation on volumetric heat transfer during intermittent spray drying of a 20% w/w of mannitol solution in a custom-made spray dryer. Unlike the conventional intermittent drying process, which achieves intermittency by pulsating the properties of the carrier gas medium, the present works achieve intermittency by pulsating the nozzle spray. The estimated volumetric heat transfer coefficient varies between 0.8 and 2 kW/m3K, and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient is between 0.6 and 2.5 s−1. The correlation for heat and mass transfer coefficients is evolved that relates the heat and mass transfer coefficient with the flow properties and thermophysical properties of both the carrier gas and the precursor fluid in terms of Ohnesorge number and Nusselt number. The investigation uses response surface analysis to analyze the effect of Reynolds number of air and Ohnesorge number of precursors on the volumetric heat transfer coefficient. The results show that a decrease in Reynolds number for a wide range and Ohnesorge number causes the volumetric heat transfer coefficient to increase. - An experimental investigation on the cooling curve and drying behavior of static and spin-frozen samples in freeze–drying process
G. Srinivasan, M. Muneeshwaran, Chi-Chuan Wang, B. Raja
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2022 - Recent advances in fast-charging methods for electric vehicles
R. Chandrasekaran, M. Sathishkumar Reddy, B. Raja, K. Selvajyothi
Power Electronics for Green Energy Conversion, 2022 - An investigation on heat and mass transfer characteristics during spray drying of saline water
K Rajasekar, B Raja
Sadhana Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 2022 - Investigation of heat and mass transfer behavior of mannitol during vial freeze-drying
M. Muneeshwaran, G. Srinivasan, B. Raja, Chi-Chuan Wang
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2022 - Investigation on Heat and Mass Transfer in Spray Drying Process
K. Rajasekar, B. Raja
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2021 - Design and analysis of multilevel current charging for electric vehicles
R. Chandrasekaran, A. Srivani, B. Raja, K. Selvajyothi
4th IEEE Conference on Information and Communication Technology Cict 2020, 2020 - Heat and mass transfer analysis on multiport mini channel shelf heat exchanger for freeze-drying application
G Srinivasan, B Raja
Sadhana Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 2020 - Estimation of state of charge and terminal voltage of li-ion battery using extended kalman filter
M. Satish Kumar, Thumpiri Reddy Manasa, B. Raja, K. Selvajyothi
6th IEEE International Energy Conference Energycon 2020, 2020 - Evaluation of immersion-contact type heat transfer for continuous pharmaceutical spin freeze-drying process
Ganeshmurthy Srinivasan, Balakrishnan Raja
Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2020 - An experimental study of drying behaviour in ice patterns formed during spin freezing and its influence on the freeze-drying process
G. Srinivasan, B. Raja
Heat and Mass Transfer Waerme Und Stoffuebertragung, 2019 - Numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer behavior of freeze drying of milk in vial
G. Srinivasan, M. Muneeshwaran, B. Raja
Heat and Mass Transfer Waerme Und Stoffuebertragung, 2019 - Single-Phase Convective Heat Transfer of Water and Aqua Ethylene Glycol Mixture in a Small-Diameter Tube
V. Umesh, S. Balavignesh, B. Raja
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2018 - A study on nucleate boiling heat transfer characteristics of acetone on smooth and indented surfaces
V. Umesh, S. Bala Vignesh, B. Raja
Experimental Heat Transfer, 2016 - A study on nucleate boiling heat transfer characteristics of pentane and CuO-pentane nanofluid on smooth and milled surfaces
V. Umesh, B. Raja
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2015 - Investigation on the boiling heat transfer characteristics of R404A and R134a under stratified flow condition
P. Balachander, B. Raja
Heat and Mass Transfer Waerme Und Stoffuebertragung, 2015 - Experimental investigation on thermal conductivity enhancement of copper (II) oxide-DI water nanofluids
R. Karthik, R. Harish Nagarajan, K. S. Praveen, B. Raja
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2014 - Heat transfer characteristics of silver/water nanofluids in a shell and tube heat exchanger
L. Godson, K. Deepak, C. Enoch, B. Jefferson, B. Raja
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2014 - Flow boiling heat characteristics of n-pentane in a mini-channel
S. Balavignesh, V. Umesh, B. Raja
Procedia Engineering, 2013 - Measurement of thermal conductivity of fluid using single and dual wire transient techniques
Siddharth Komini Babu, K.S. Praveen, B. Raja, P. Damodharan
Measurement Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 2013 - Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Silver-Water Nanofluid Under Laminar and Turbulent Flow Conditions
Lazarus Godson, B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal, S. Wongwises
Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2012 - Thermal conductivity of CuO-DI water nanofluids using 3-ω measurement technique in a suspended micro-wire
R. Karthik, R. Harish Nagarajan, B. Raja, P. Damodharan
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012 - Evaporative heat transfer characteristics of R404A and R134a under varied heat flux conditions
P. Balachander, B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal
Experimental Heat Transfer, 2012 - Measurement of thermal conductivity of fluids using 3-ω method in a suspended micro wire
R. Karthik, N. Harish Nagarajan, B. Raja, P. Damodharan
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012 - Convective heat transfer of nanofluids with correlations
Lazarus Godson Asirvatham, Balakrishnan Raja, Dhasan Mohan Lal, Somchai Wongwises
Particuology, 2011 - Investigation on boiling heat transfer characteristics of R404A in a 7.49-mm smooth horizontal tube
P. Balachander, B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal
Experimental Heat Transfer, 2011 - Thermodynamic studies on NH3-H2O absorption cooling system using pinch point approach
C.P. Jawahar, B. Raja, R. Saravanan
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2010 - Experimental investigation on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of silver-deionized water nanofluid
L. Godson, B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal, S. Wongwises
Experimental Heat Transfer, 2010 - Thermal-fluid modelling of an air-cooled condenser for refrigerants
B. Raja, S. J. Sekhar, D. M. Lal
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010 - Stratified flow boiling heat transfer study of a HFC/HC refrigerant mixture in smooth horizontal tubes
Balakrishnan Raja, Dhasan Mohan Lal, Rajagopal Saravanan
Heat and Mass Transfer Waerme Und Stoffuebertragung, 2010 - Enhancement of heat transfer using nanofluids-An overview
Lazarus Godson, B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal, S. Wongwises
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010 - Thermal-fluid modeling of a visi-cooler
S. Joseph Sekhar, Balakrishnan Raja, Dhasan Mohan Lal
Computational Thermal Sciences, 2010 - Numerical study on flow boiling heat transfer of a refrigerant mixture in horizontal tubes under a varied heat flux boundary condition
Balakrishnan Raja, Dhasan Mohan Lal, Rajagopal Saravanan
Computational Thermal Sciences, 2009 - Influence of nucleation on the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of a refrigerant mixture under varied heat flux conditions
B. Raja, D. K. Kumar, D. M. Lal, R. Saravanan
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2009 - Boiling in a stratified two-phase flow: A review
Balakrishnan Raja, Dhasan Mohan Lal, Rajagopal Saravanan
Heat Transfer Research, 2009 - A comparative study on flow boiling heat-transfer coefficient of r-134a and r-134a/r-290/r-600a refrigerant mixture
Balakrishnan Raja, Palanisamy Balachander, Dhasan Mohan Lal, Rajagopal Saravanan
Heat Transfer Research, 2009 - Flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of R-134a/R-290/R-600a mixture in smooth horizontal tubes using varied heat flux method
B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal, R. Saravanan
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009 - Flow boiling heat transfer study of R-134a/R-290/R-600a mixture in 9.52 and 12.7 mm smooth horizontal tubes: Experimental investigation
B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal, R. Saravanan
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2009 - Heat transfer correlation for a refrigerant mixture in a vertical helical coil evaporator
Balakrishnan Raja, Sekhar Santhappan, Lal Dhasan
Thermal Science, 2009 - Flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of R-134a/R-290/R-600a mixture in a smooth horizontal tube
Raja Balakrishnan, Lal Dhasan, Saravanan Rajagopal
Thermal Science, 2008 - A numerical model for thermal mapping in a hermetically sealed reciprocating refrigerant compressor
B Raja, S.Joseph Sekhar, D.Mohan Lal, A Kalanidhi
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2003
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
- Parametric investigation of spray drying Na2Fe0. 6Mn0. 4PO4F/C cathode material: evaluating heat and mass characteristics
RP Raj, B Raja
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 104475 , 2026
2026 - A robust online series arc fault detection for single-phase systems
G Reji, K Selvajyothi, B Raja
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , 2025
2025
Citations: 7 - A Numerical Investigation on Dual Slot Die Coating of Electrode and Electrolyte Slurries
S Balaji, B Raja, K Selvajyothi
Proceedings of the 28th National and 6th International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and … , 2025
2025 - Study on volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficient in a spray drying process utilizing pressure swirl nozzle: A numerical and experimental approach
RP Raj, B Raja
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 54, 102827 , 2024
2024
Citations: 4 - Approximation of cuff-less non-invasive blood pressure using PhotoPlethysmogram signal
RS Kumar, P Manimegalai, K Praveen, R Dhanagopal, PTV Raj, V Srinath, ...
AIP Conference Proceedings 2937 (1), 020049 , 2024
2024 - Investigating THD for series arc fault detection in single-phase electrical networks
G Reji, K Selvajyothi, B Raja
2024 6th International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment (ICEPE), 1-6 , 2024
2024
Citations: 2 - Surface enhancement for boiling heat transfer through micro holes for electronic cooling applications
RK Gouda, G Srinivasan, V Umesh, B Raja
Sādhanā 48 (4), 210 , 2023
2023
Citations: 1 - Design of Bidirectional DC–DC Converters and Controllers for Hybrid Energy Sources in Electric Vehicles
R Chandrasekaran, M Satish Kumar Reddy, K Selvajyothi, B Raja
Power Converters, Drives and Controls for Sustainable Operations, 437-461 , 2023
2023
Citations: 7 - Endpoint estimation using a measurement sensor for freeze-drying process control
T Jeyapradhap, G Srinivasan, B Raja
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 41, 101848 , 2023
2023
Citations: 5 - Heat and mass transfer characteristics during spray drying of Na2Fe0. 6Mn0. 4PO4F/C cathode material for Na-ion batteries
K Rajasekar, B Raja
Applied Thermal Engineering 221, 119838 , 2023
2023
Citations: 14 - An experimental investigation on the cooling curve and drying behavior of static and spin-frozen samples in freeze–drying process: G. Srinivasan et al.
G Srinivasan, M Muneeshwaran, CC Wang, B Raja
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 147 (20), 11221-11230 , 2022
2022
Citations: 2 - Recent Advances in Fast‐Charging Methods for Electric Vehicles
R Chandrasekaran, M Sathishkumar Reddy, B Raja, K Selvajyothi
Power Electronics for Green Energy Conversion, 519-544 , 2022
2022
Citations: 2 - An Investigation on Evaporation of Single Pure Water Droplet
K Rajasekar, B Raja
Advances in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 82-86 , 2022
2022 - An investigation on heat and mass transfer characteristics during spray drying of saline water
K Rajasekar, B Raja
Sādhanā 47 (2), 90 , 2022
2022
Citations: 3 - Investigation of heat and mass transfer behavior of mannitol during vial freeze-drying
M Muneeshwaran, G Srinivasan, B Raja, CC Wang
Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 147 (3), 2393-2404 , 2022
2022
Citations: 19 - Investigation on heat and mass transfer in spray drying process
K Rajasekar, B Raja
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 30 (3), 433-448 , 2021
2021
Citations: 5 - Numerical estimation of sublimation front position in spin frozen skimmed milk during immersion drying method
G Srinivasan, B Raja
Proceedings of the 26thNational and 4th International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and … , 2021
2021 - Design And Analysis Of Multilevel Current Charging For Electric Vehicles
R Chandrasekaran, A Srivani, B Raja, K Selvajyothi
2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Information & Communication Technology (CICT), 1-5 , 2020
2020
Citations: 1 - Heat and mass transfer analysis on multiport mini channel shelf heat exchanger for freeze-drying application
G Srinivasan, B Raja
Sādhanā 45 (1), 260 , 2020
2020
Citations: 1 - Estimation of state of charge and terminal voltage of li-ion battery using extended kalman filter
MS Kumar, TR Manasa, B Raja, K Selvajyothi
2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon), 515-520 , 2020
2020
Citations: 11
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
- Enhancement of heat transfer using nanofluids—an overview
L Godson, B Raja, DM Lal, SEA Wongwises
Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 14 (2), 629-641 , 2010
2010
Citations: 1139 - Experimental investigation on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of silver-deionized water nanofluid
L Godson, B Raja, DM Lal, S Wongwises
Experimental Heat Transfer 23 (4), 317-332 , 2010
2010
Citations: 395 - Heat transfer characteristics of silver/water nanofluids in a shell and tube heat exchanger
L Godson, K Deepak, C Enoch, B Jefferson, B Raja
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 14 (3), 489-496 , 2014
2014
Citations: 141 - Convective heat transfer of nanofluids with correlations
LG Asirvatham, B Raja, DM Lal, S Wongwises
Particuology 9 (6), 626-631 , 2011
2011
Citations: 127 - Thermal conductivity of CuO–DI water nanofluids using 3-ω measurement technique in a suspended micro-wire
R Karthik, RH Nagarajan, B Raja, P Damodharan
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 40, 1-9 , 2012
2012
Citations: 80 - A study on nucleate boiling heat transfer characteristics of pentane and CuO-pentane nanofluid on smooth and milled surfaces
V Umesh, B Raja
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 64, 23-29 , 2015
2015
Citations: 43 - Convective heat transfer characteristics of silver-water nanofluid under laminar and turbulent flow conditions
L Godson, B Raja, D Mohan Lal, S Wongwises
2012
Citations: 43 - A numerical model for thermal mapping in a hermetically sealed reciprocating refrigerant compressor
B Raja, SJ Sekhar, DM Lal, A Kalanidhi
International journal of refrigeration 26 (6), 652-658 , 2003
2003
Citations: 38 - Numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer behavior of freeze drying of milk in vial
G Srinivasan, M Muneeshwaran, B Raja
Heat and Mass Transfer 55 (8), 2073-2081 , 2019
2019
Citations: 27 - Measurement of thermal conductivity of fluid using single and dual wire transient techniques
SK Babu, KS Praveen, B Raja, P Damodharan
Measurement 46 (8), 2746-2752 , 2013
2013
Citations: 25 - Thermodynamic studies on NH3–H2O absorption cooling system using pinch point approach
CP Jawahar, B Raja, R Saravanan
international journal of refrigeration 33 (7), 1377-1385 , 2010
2010
Citations: 24 - Flow boiling heat transfer study of R-134a/R-290/R-600a mixture in 9.52 and 12.7 mm smooth horizontal tubes: Experimental investigation
B Raja, DM Lal, R Saravanan
Experimental thermal and fluid science 33 (3), 542-550 , 2009
2009
Citations: 21 - Investigation of heat and mass transfer behavior of mannitol during vial freeze-drying
M Muneeshwaran, G Srinivasan, B Raja, CC Wang
Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 147 (3), 2393-2404 , 2022
2022
Citations: 19 - Measurement of viscosity and surface tension of silver deionized water nanofluid
L Godson, V Raj, B Raja, I Kancheepuram, DM Lal
Proceedings of 37th national & 4th international conference on fluid … , 2010
2010
Citations: 17 - A study on nucleate boiling heat transfer characteristics of acetone on smooth and indented surfaces
V Umesh, SB Vignesh, B Raja
Experimental Heat Transfer 29 (3), 414-425 , 2016
2016
Citations: 15 - Heat transfer correlation for a refrigerant mixture in a vertical helical coil evaporator
B Raja, SJ Santhappan, LM Dhasan
Thermal Science 13 (4), 197-206 , 2009
2009
Citations: 15 - Heat and mass transfer characteristics during spray drying of Na2Fe0. 6Mn0. 4PO4F/C cathode material for Na-ion batteries
K Rajasekar, B Raja
Applied Thermal Engineering 221, 119838 , 2023
2023
Citations: 14 - Flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of R-134a/R-290/R-600a mixture in smooth horizontal tubes using varied heat flux method
B Raja, DM Lal, R Saravanan
Applied thermal engineering 29 (8-9), 1778-1785 , 2009
2009
Citations: 14 - Measurement of thermal conductivity of fluids using 3-ω method in a suspended micro wire
R Karthik, N Harish Nagarajan, B Raja, P Damodharan
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 21 (1), 60-68 , 2012
2012
Citations: 13 - Estimation of state of charge and terminal voltage of li-ion battery using extended kalman filter
MS Kumar, TR Manasa, B Raja, K Selvajyothi
2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon), 515-520 , 2020
2020
Citations: 11
