Active legal researcher with extensive national but especially international experience. Consistent, well-organized, trustworthy, and eager to work and contribute, with a discerning spirit and effective communication skill. Strongly willing to professionally advocate for Human Rights.
Judicial Independence Under Political Pressure: the High Constitutional Court and Electoral Justice in Madagascar (2009–2023) Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra, Adya Paramita Prabandari Constitutional Review, 2025 This paper investigates the relationship between constitutional justice and political power in Madagascar, focusing on the High Constitutional Court (HCC) and its handling of electoral disputes involving Andry Rajoelina from 2009 to 2023. Against the broader principles of constitutional law (i.e., separation of powers, equality before the law, and the integrity of democratic choice) the study explores whether the HCC’s repeated validation of Rajoelina’s candidacies and election results reflects sound constitutional reasoning or risks fostering a de facto constitutional immunity. Using a doctrinal legal method, complemented with comparative approach, centred on close analysis of eight pivotal HCC decisions, the paper examines the normative framework governing Madagascar’s constitutional justice and how it has been applied, with particular attention to judicial independence and the accessibility of constitutional complaint. The findings indicate a pattern: first, the HCC has demonstrated notable interpretative flexibility, particularly regarding nationality and eligibility requirements, often resolving ambiguities in favour of Rajoelina; second, the Court’s consistent dismissal of substantial electoral challenges raises concerns about judicial independence and potential structural partiality; third, this judicial posture may erode equal access to constitutional complaint, subtly privileging certain political actors. The paper concludes by urging Malagasy institutions to reinforce the integrity of constitutional justice, ensure rigorous scrutiny of electoral disputes, and uphold the principle that no one stands above constitutional accountability, thereby preserving public trust in democracy and the rule of law.
VANISHING UNIVERSAL NORMS? RETHINKING ERGA OMNES IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW PRINCIPLES Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra, Callista Putri Bourdeau, Kylatifa Ghaniya Aristi, Muhammad Hazel Nailah Akbar Brawijaya Law Journal, 2025 International humanitarian law (IHL) is grounded on principles intended to apply universally in situations of armed conflict. Yet, the persistence of widespread violations in recent conflicts raises questions about the practical effectiveness of these legal norms. This paper investigates whether the erga omnes character of IHL principles still holds meaningful legal force or is increasingly relegated to symbolic rhetoric. Employing a doctrinal legal method, it explores the legal foundation and evolution of erga omnes, their intersection with IHL, and their invocation in contemporary conflict contexts. The analysis finds that while obligations erga omnes reflect a shared international commitment, their enforcement remains inconsistent and often influenced by political considerations. The study also observes that appeals to universality can serve as moral and legal pressure points—particularly important in influencing decision-makers who shape global responses to humanitarian crises. The paper concludes that without strengthened mechanisms for accountability, the obligations erga omnes in IHL principles risk being reduced to aspirational language rather than enforceable law.
INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES AGAINST DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra, Adya Paramita Prabandari Diponegoro Law Review, 2024 The right to be free and protected from discriminatory treatment is universal. Such right is incorporated into the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This paper examines the perception of international students (30 respondents) in Indonesia regarding the discriminatory treatment they have experienced and the effort of the Indonesian Government to address such issue in educational institutions. The study focuses on the operation of positive law, particularly Article 28I Paragraph (2) and Paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution. The method used was empirical legal research, combined with statutory and sociological approaches, utilizing primary data (from questionnaires) and secondary data. The analysis of questionnaire output reveals a concerning reality of discriminatory treatment in various forms experienced by the respondents. A significant percentage of them experience discriminatory treatment and perceive a lack of effective measures to address and prevent such discrimination in educational institutions. Recommendations are made to bridge the gap between constitutional guarantees and the actual experiences of international students: Indonesian government should strengthen the implementation of anti-discrimination laws, foster inclusive environments in educational institutions, and enhance government efforts through better monitoring, complaint systems, and legal remedies for victims, in alignment with constitutional guarantee.
Reform of the Criminal Law System in Indonesia Which Prioritizes Substantive Justice Nanang Nurcahyo, Ricky Ricky, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra Journal of Law Environmental and Justice, 2024 Indonesia is presently undergoing a reform of its criminal law system to decolonize the existing criminal legislation that persists. The existing criminal law, which the Netherlands has influenced, currently emphasizes corporal punishment and does not offer avenues for crime victims to seek compensation. However, efforts are underway to reform the criminal code and introduce provisions that allow compensation to be awarded to victims of criminal offenses. This is undertaken within the framework of Indonesia's endeavor to establish a criminal justice system that is compassionate and capable of achieving meaningful principles of fairness
THE URGENCY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CODE OF ETHICS and MST UMME HABIBA FAHMINA Indonesia Law Review, 2024 Despite Thailand’s adoption of the Education for All policy in 2005, which grants all children, including refugees, access to free public education, refugee children largely remain excluded. Camp-based refugees attend informal, unrecognized education programs, while urban refugee children are categorised with migrant children in enrollment data. In 2023, only 34% of legal migrant children were enrolled in public schools, while refugees—often classified as "illegal migrants"—are either left out or attend unofficial community schools. This study examines the gap between policy and practice by exploring the experiences of urban refugees and perspectives of key stakeholders, including refugees, government agencies, and humanitarian organizations. Using an analytical framework, it investigates access to public education, service providers’ perceptions, and the implementation of inclusive education. The research employs a systematic literature review, focusing on three components: data collection from existing literature, analysis of educational barriers for urban refugees, and evaluation of policy implementation challenges. The findings highlight issues of political exclusion, policy misalignment, and practical obstacles in integrating refugees into formal education. By identifying tensions between education and refugee policies in Thailand, this study contributes to both academic research and policy discussions. It advocates for a comprehensive policy review to ensure refugees have access to formal, recognized education, aligning with Thailand’s commitment to Education for All.
ANALISIS STANDAR PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN HUKUM UDARA INTERNASIONAL Puan Maharani Kusumadewi, Kholis Roisah, Adya Paramita Prabandari, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra Masalah Masalah Hukum, 2023 Kesalahan manusia dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan penerbangan. Oleh karena itu, manajemen suatu negara harus memiliki sistem yang terpercaya untuk memastikan penerbangan yang aman dan nyaman. Penelitian ini mengkaji persyaratan keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan Indonesia serta implementasinya dibandingkan dengan hukum dan peraturan penerbangan internasional. Penelitian ini menganalisis data menggunakan penelitian doktrinal. Studi ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia menerapkan monisme dengan doktrin inkorporasi dan dualisme dengan doktrin transformasi. Indikator keselamatan penerbangan dan indikator keamanan penerbangan menunjukkan implikasinya. Menurut penelitian ini, semua pihak harus memiliki kesadaran hukum untuk mematuhi semua hukum dan peraturan yang ada. Kampanye budaya keselamatan penerbangan secara nasional juga diperlukan. Gerakan ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan ketenangan kepada penumpang pesawat.
Why have Indonesian murderers not paid victims' heirs? Nanang Nurcahyo, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra Journal of Law Environmental and Justice, 2023 The crime of murder results in material and non-material losses for the victims who experience it. The families of victims murder crimes or the heirs are the ones who suffer the most losses following a murder incident that claims the lives of family members or loved ones. Criminal law in Indonesia still does not really prioritize punishment in the form of compensation, so that if heirs want to get compensation they have to submit an application or go through a separate route, this results in the value of substantial justice in criminal law not being upheld, this is proven by the lack of obligations. Compensation in the form of restitution that is mandatory for perpetrators of crimes. To respond it, a new way of upholding substantial justice is needed. By using doctrinal research methods, pre-existing legal sources related to the research theme are searched for. The research results show that several efforts are needed to uphold substantial justice in criminal law, namely the re-actualization of criminal law and the provision of a special forum for heirs to demand compensation directly. In this way, substantial justice can be upheld in criminal law and without going through requests or independent efforts
A proposal for decriminilisation of online defamation in Indonesia: towards a human rights-based approach RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari, AM Jibril, A Hossain Cogent Social Sciences 12 (1), 2613959 , 2026 2026 Citations: 5
Freedom of Expression as a Constitutional Right in Indonesia and Madagascar RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari Jambura Law Review 1 (1), 272-307 , 2026 2026
Advancing regional cooperation to combat marine debris and enhance livelihoods in Indonesia: Translating global agendas into local action MF Rakotoarisoa, H Kurniasih, MMR Ranaivo Marine Pollution Bulletin 224, 119097 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
Public holiday and religious freedom system in Indonesia: equality or equity? MMR Ranaivo, AP Prabandari Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1-16 , 2026 2026
Restorative Justice in Criminal Cases in Indonesia: The Urgency of Reinterpretation and Concept for Reform L Andriyani, MM Gunawan, RRM Manitra Indonesian Journal of Crime and Criminal Justice 2 (1), 154-195 , 2026 2026 Citations: 6
FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL: SURABAYA’S PARADIPLOMACY STRATEGY IN REALISING A CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY MF Hastira, A Maksum, MF Hastira, RRM Manitra Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 27 (2), 1-26 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Judicial Independence Under Political Pressure: the High Constitutional Court and Electoral Justice in Madagascar (2009–2023) RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari Constitutional Review 11 (2), 393-421 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Just Transition or Just Illusion? A Critical Assessment of Climate and Development Programmes in Madagascar HN Andriamiandrisoa, RRM Manitra Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 14 (3), 620-635 , 2025 2025
Vanishing Universal Norms? Rethinking Erga Omnes in International Humanitarian Law Principles RRM Manitra, CP Bourdeau, KG Aristi, MHN Akbar Brawijaya Law Journal 12 (2), 257-281 , 2025 2025
Is Poverty the Root of All Crime? Rethinking Criminality Amid Institutional Failure in Madagascar RRM Manitra Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia 1 (1), 2 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
“Am I Being Silenced by a Machine?” AI-Driven Content Moderation and The Chilling Effect on Freedom of Expression RRM Manitra Alauddin Law Development Journal 7 (2), 109-125 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Buried Childhoods: Uncovering Illicit Child Labour in Madagascar’s Mica Mines RRM Manitra, AH Nasandratra, AHDC Valerine, LM Epifaniah Business and Human Rights Law & Policy 1 (2), 141-158 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Life after accusation: Forced internment, human rights violations, and the urgent case for criminalizing witchcraft claims in Ghana AM Jibril, RRM Manitra, A Hossain Priviet Social Sciences Journal 5 (8), 57-72 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Implementation of Village Law as A Tool for Poverty Alleviation in Lerep Tourism Village RRM Manitra Pikukuh: Jurnal Hukum dan Kearifan Lokal 2 (1), 1-17 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Need of A Global Aviation Standard Compliance? Air Passenger Rights in Indonesia and Madagascar AP Prabandari, RRM Manitra Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 32 (1), 207-238 , 2025 2025
Democracy is Not for the Hungry? Rethinking the Right to Vote in Fragile States Like Madagascar RRM Manitra, RM Fenitra Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS) 4 (2), 139-184 , 2025 2025
THE URGENCY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CODE OF ETHICS TH Sitabuana, RRM Manitra, D Sanjaya, IF Amri, N Nethan Indonesia Law Review 14 (3), 101-123 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES AGAINST DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari Diponegoro Law Review 9 (2), 332-352 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Illegal Online Loan (Pinjol) in Indonesia: Ethical and Human Rights Perspectives MMR Ranaivo Recht Studiosum Law Review 3 (1), 58-76 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Constitutional religious tolerance in realizing the protection of human rights in Indonesia N Ishak, R Ranaivo, M Manitra Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 2 (1), 31-44 , 2022 2022 Citations: 58
Reform of the criminal law system in Indonesia which prioritizes substantive justice N Nurcahyo, R Ricky, FXHB Laksito, RRM Manitra Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice 2 (1), 89-108 , 2024 2024 Citations: 28
The proposal for the implementation of elections in Indonesia: a framework based on the presidential system TY Purnama, RRM Manitra Wacana Hukum 29 (2), 181-205 , 2023 2023 Citations: 26
The influence of positive psychological capital on social entrepreneurship intention during covid-19 MHS Rakotoarisoa, S Sulistyandari, H Ravoaja, SMA Randrianantenaina, ... International Journal of Economics and Business Issues 1 (1), 28-43 , 2022 2022 Citations: 12
Why have Indonesian murderers not paid victims' heirs? N Nurcahyo, RRM Manitra Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice 1 (2), 155-169 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES AGAINST DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari Diponegoro Law Review 9 (2), 332-352 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Restorative Justice in Criminal Cases in Indonesia: The Urgency of Reinterpretation and Concept for Reform L Andriyani, MM Gunawan, RRM Manitra Indonesian Journal of Crime and Criminal Justice 2 (1), 154-195 , 2026 2026 Citations: 6
Illegal Online Loan (Pinjol) in Indonesia: Ethical and Human Rights Perspectives MMR Ranaivo Recht Studiosum Law Review 3 (1), 58-76 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
A proposal for decriminilisation of online defamation in Indonesia: towards a human rights-based approach RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari, AM Jibril, A Hossain Cogent Social Sciences 12 (1), 2613959 , 2026 2026 Citations: 5
THE URGENCY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CODE OF ETHICS TH Sitabuana, RRM Manitra, D Sanjaya, IF Amri, N Nethan Indonesia Law Review 14 (3), 101-123 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
ANALISIS STANDAR PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN HUKUM UDARA INTERNASIONAL PM Kusumadewi, K Roisah, AP Prabandari, RRM Manitra Masalah-Masalah Hukum 52 (3), 263-273 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Protection of ChildrenS Rights in Criminal Juvenile Justice System: Comparative Study Between Indonesia and Madagascar RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari, I Cahyaningtyas International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 6 (9), 4318 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Advancing regional cooperation to combat marine debris and enhance livelihoods in Indonesia: Translating global agendas into local action MF Rakotoarisoa, H Kurniasih, MMR Ranaivo Marine Pollution Bulletin 224, 119097 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
“Am I Being Silenced by a Machine?” AI-Driven Content Moderation and The Chilling Effect on Freedom of Expression RRM Manitra Alauddin Law Development Journal 7 (2), 109-125 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Life after accusation: Forced internment, human rights violations, and the urgent case for criminalizing witchcraft claims in Ghana AM Jibril, RRM Manitra, A Hossain Priviet Social Sciences Journal 5 (8), 57-72 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL: SURABAYA’S PARADIPLOMACY STRATEGY IN REALISING A CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY MF Hastira, A Maksum, MF Hastira, RRM Manitra Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 27 (2), 1-26 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Judicial Independence Under Political Pressure: the High Constitutional Court and Electoral Justice in Madagascar (2009–2023) RRM Manitra, AP Prabandari Constitutional Review 11 (2), 393-421 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Is Poverty the Root of All Crime? Rethinking Criminality Amid Institutional Failure in Madagascar RRM Manitra Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia 1 (1), 2 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Buried Childhoods: Uncovering Illicit Child Labour in Madagascar’s Mica Mines RRM Manitra, AH Nasandratra, AHDC Valerine, LM Epifaniah Business and Human Rights Law & Policy 1 (2), 141-158 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
