Man Djun Lee
@curtin.edu.my
Lecturer
Curtin University Malaysia
EDUCATION
BEng (Mech Eng) 2013, PhD (Advanced Manufacturing) 2017
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Wave energy, turbo machinery, water treatment
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Chan En Lim, Kok Hing Chong, Charlie Chin Voon Sia, Yeu Yee Lee, and Man Djun Lee
Akademia Baru Publishing
In the automotive context, a vehicle’s crashworthiness represents its ability to protect the occupants in case of accidents or collisions. This paper documents the design and topology study process of the prototype FSAE (Formula of Student Automotive Engineers) vehicle regarding the crashworthiness aspect. This project aims to generate design for the chassis of prototype FSAE vehicles through a biomimetic approach to simulate the feasibility of biological systems integration in engineering design. Studies on different biological structures good in compression loading resistance and distribution have been conducted according to the selected biomimicry approach. Quasi-static finite element analysis with dynamic loading analysis was implemented in studying the axial, lateral and bending deformation of the designed chassis concerning the specific energy absorption of the model. The following biomimicry approach has successfully shown potentiality in creating a satisfactory solution for automotive problems. The final chassis of the prototype FSAE vehicle shows specific energy absorptivity of up to 130 kJ/kg upon normal to critical impact conditions. CAD design of the expected prototype is produced, along with the presentation of a scaled-down fabricated 3D model. Considering the performance aspect of the prototype FSAE vehicle, the weight of the vehicle chassis has been successfully minimised by 30.8%.
Man Djun Lee and Pui San Lee
Elsevier BV
Kew Kiong Kong, Peter Nai Yuh Yek, How Sing Sii, Man Djun Lee, Rock Keey Liew, and Su Shiung Lam
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Brian Yu Ren Tan and Man Djun Lee
IEEE
The energy demand in Malaysia has shown a drastic increase over the years. The primary energy supply is natural gas, coal, and coke energy extraction. However, these energy extractions are considered unclean and not sustainable. Therefore, renewable energy could be the immediate solution. Furthermore, previous studies in ocean engineering indicated that Malaysia’s sea condition is favorable to be utilized. Overtopping wave energy converters are primarily used for high mechanical to electrical conversion efficiencies. The current study optimizes the turbine for overtopping wave energy conversion devices through computational fluid dynamics simulation software, ANSYS. Findings indicate that the larger the turbine blade diameter, the higher the torque acting on the turbine. This is because the water pressure impact on the linear blade surface is more significant when the diameter of the blade is prominent, resulting in higher torque acting on the turbine. Unlike the diameter of the turbine blade, the number of the turbine blade is not directly proportional to the torque acting on the turbine. Turbine models with four blades illustrate a higher torque value than three and five blades turbines. The highest turbine performance efficiency for straight flow casing is 62.87% with 3091.30W, while spiral casing turbine exhibited outstanding performance efficiency of 94.44% with 4643.82W under the same power input condition. This study calls for future study in the system design optimization of overtopping wave energy conversion technology, such as ocean wave conditions, power take-off systems design, and location selection.
Prashobh Karunakaran, Mohammad Shahril Osman, Imelda Justine, Prashanth Karunakaran, Shanthi Karunakaran, Arjun Karunakaran, and Man Djun Lee
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Man Djun Lee, Nur Fathin Amirah Mohamad, Norhasmillah Abu Hassan, and Pui San Lee
IOP Publishing
Man Djun Lee and Pui San Lee
IGI Global
This chapter presents the study on pollutant removal efficiency in palm oil mill effluent using chitosan and polyglutamic acid (PGA). Up until today, palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been considered one of the significant sources of environmental pollution. The characteristics of POME include contaminating the source of drinking water, which is also harmful to the aquatic ecosystem by creating a highly acidic environment or causing eutrophication. With increasing public awareness of environmental pollution, it creates the need to address this issue. Both chitosan and PGA are non-polluting food-based anionic and biodegradable biopolymers that are environmentally friendly in wastewater treatment. The critical parameter to determine the effectiveness of pollutants removal is chemical oxygen demand, colour, and total suspended solids. In this aspect, this chapter also discussed some of the significant findings done in previous studies to provide proper understandings and implications on this topic.
Man Djun Lee and Pui San Lee
IGI Global
This chapter presents the design and development of an economically and technically feasible small-scale oil palm waste shredder to contribuite to oil palm waste management. Most available oil palm waste shredders are unaffordable due to high initial investment cost, large, heavy and unportable, which have been the drawbacks for small and medium enterprises to participate in the industry that relates with oil palm waste management. To address this issue, a low-cost and small-scale oil palm waste shredder were designed and produced. The central design concept deduced is to compromise acceptable efficiency with an affordable price by integrating all mandatory components of oil palm waste shredder into a comparatively small and portable support structure. The innovations made in the design are size reduction and adoption of double-shafts cutters with seven jaws technology. Preliminary calculations supported the design. The cutting force produced is up to 19.45kN with safety factor of 4.5. This design can handle other oil palm wastes as oil palm frond is harder than other oil palm wastes.
Ros Syazmini Mohd GHANI and Man Djun LEE
The Korean Society of Wood Science Technology
1) Australia has significant wood resources in its native forest, but the resource available for harvest becomes lesser due to the conversion of native forest to conservation reserves. The natural occurrences of bushfires, droughts, and cyclones are highly destructive, making the situation worse. The shortage of wood resources is having a significant negative impact on Australia because wood is so scarce that they cannot meet domestic demands, especially durable wood. Australia cleared approximately 100 million hectares of its land to establish forest plantations, and two million trees were planted. However, most of these plantations are for pulpwood production; however, their application for high-value products is limited due to their undesirable properties. Wood modification is a process of improving unfavorable wood properties to be utilized for a wide range of applications. Australia has not adopted any of these modification processes; it still depends on the less toxic wood preservative to treat wood. This study focuses on the recent advancement in industrial wood modification worldwide and how it may be used to modify Eucalyptus wood for high-value applications. The opportunities and suggestions for Eucalyptus wood modification in Australia will be discussed. Before the study concludes, the future of commercial wood modification for Eucalyptus plantation in Australia will also be presented.
Jonathan Ho Siew Kit, Chong Kok Hing, Basil T. Wong, Victor Bong Nee Shin, Lee Man Djun, and Christopher Jantai Anak Boniface
Akademia Baru Publishing
Smoke inhalation is a major cause of death in fire accident. Three quarters of building fire casualties were the result of excessive smoke inhalation, even with the presence of a control system. One of the main reasons to a high percentage of fatality is poor circulation and exhaustion of smoke. A proposed system, including an integrated ACMV exhaust with additional louver, will be simulated and compared with the current conventional approach, the fixed pressurization system. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the newly proposed approach to smoke exhaustion. Results showed that the path of obscuration for the conventional system in the room displayed a lowered value of 8.77 %, as compared to 9.71% for the integrated ACMV system, due to the greater propagation of smoke out of the room. The results are in agreement as there is a noticeably faster subsiding of hot air temperature at the corridor for the integrated ACMV system than that of the conventional system, after the peak temperature spread of 115 seconds. The current study concluded that the proposed integrated ACMV system with additional louver is more effective for smoke control than the conventional design.
Man Djun Lee, Pui San Lee, Prashobh Karunakaran, and Heng Jong Ngu
IEEE
This study aims to develop model to describe performance of small-scale Archimedes screw turbine (AST) operating in low velocity in-stream water. This study started off with conceptual designing based on literature review findings. Eventually, the small-scale prototype is then being built and tested in the laboratory. The experiment is set up to simulate the actual Sarawak river velocity to determine the relationship between key performance variables such as the inclination angle of AST and water flow velocity. The findings revealed that the 45-degree angle of inclination was the optimum angle of AST within the water velocity of 1.0 m/s until 1.5 m/s. At this angle, the highest revolution per minutes (RPM) generated by AST shaft was found to be 179.8, and the highest torque recorded was 0.9Nm. It was found that both angles of inclination and river water velocity are significant to RPM and torque generation (p<0.05). The outcome of this study would be useful for designing a small-scale AST power generation system by utilising low flow river (velocity <1.5m/s) as a power source. For the future study, it is recommended to optimise the existing design of small-scale AST.
Heng Jong Ngu, Man Djun Lee, and Mohd Shahril Bin Osman
Elsevier BV
Abstract Remanufacturing is a life cycle renewal process that is recognized as one of the most effective green strategies to attain sustainable manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to address the current challenges confronting by Malaysian remanufacturing industries and to explore its future opportunities. The research technique of this study is based on extensive scholarly literature review and scenario analysis in the field of remanufacturing. The findings highlighted five main challenges and two main future opportunities in Malaysian remanufacturing industries. The results based on scenario analysis suggested that Malaysia possessed the potential to become the center hub of automotive components remanufacturing and novel entire vehicle remanufacturing (rebuilt vehicle) in the Southeast Asia region by overcoming its current challenges. This study has shown that the challenges and opportunities in Malaysia remanufacturing industries are significantly different from the developed countries due to its distinctive business environments. The outcome of this study is to ensure the smooth implementation of the National Remanufacturing Policy and facilitate the sustainable development of remanufacturing industries in Malaysia and other developing countries with a similar business environment.
Man Djun Lee, Pui San Lee, Richard Chiew Hock Chiong, Prashobh Karunakaran, and Heng Jong Ngu
IEEE
This study aims to design and construct a small-scale mechanical energy conversion device. It is designed to produce electrical power by harnessing the available mechanical energy from renewable resources. This study started off with literature review for the predominant principles and laws on how the machine shall be fabricated in order to function. The process is followed by the material selection and analysis before proceeding to the final design and construction. The constructed machine is then being tested through series of experiments. It was found that the small-scale device was able to produce 6V of maximum voltage with rotor rotation speed up to 3000 RPM. The outcome from the experimentation shows that the small-scale device is useful for power generation from renewable sources, such as stream energy with a micro hydro turbine. For future study, the machine shall consider a few improvements, such as rebuilding it using laminated iron as rotor core and increase the number of poles to enhance the performance of the machine in term of energy conversion and extraction. The design and built of this machine would definitely contribute to the environmental sustainability and development of rural area.
Prashobh Karunakaran, M. Shahril Osman, V. Karuppanna, Sung Chee Cheng, Man Djun Lee, Muhd Dina Fadhilah, and AKS Lau
IEEE
The aim of this research is to prove that when a current carrying cable is suspended at the center of a steel pipe, eddy current is the main energy loss and not joule heating or I2R loss. Various experiments were done, sending currents levels of between 54A to 108A in a twisted bare Cu cable or PVC insulated cables within steel and HDPE pipes. The heat loss was measured with two heat measuring instruments which enabled a conclusion to be formed that most of the energy loss is due to eddy current and not Joule heating. As long as the cable is sized higher than the current carrying capacity, there will be negligible Joule heating and the main loss will be eddy current loss.
Prashobh Karunakaran, Man Djun Lee, Kwong Hieng Ting, M. Shahril Osman, and Alexon John
IEEE
Switching of high voltage (HV) switchgears is dangerous and has caused many incidents and accidents. In this research a system was developed to switch HV switchgears from up to 25m away. Initially oil switchgears with levers were switched on and off, then racking in and out of vacuum circuit breaks were also successfully done, then a jig was developed to trigger push buttons to enable the switching on and off the latest motorized switchgears. Though servo motor actuation seems like the latest method of actuation, after careful consideration of all the factors involved in switching such breakers an electropneumatic system was decided upon. The factors considered were ease of maintenance, ruggedness and durability in harsh rural environments where the system must operate in.
Prashobh Karunakaran, Mohammad Shahril Osman, V. Karuppanna, Sung Chee Cheng, Lee Man Djun, Alexon John, and Ting Kwong Hieng
IEEE
High Voltage (HV) switching is dangerous and there have been many fatalities among switching personnel. It is therefore imperative that HV switching be performed from a safe distance away from the switchgear. Motors with lead screws seems to be the standard solution for actuation today but after much deliberation of the practicality, the solution formulated is an electropneumatic one. The high voltage Switchgear Safety System developed in this research is focused on the Lucy brand of 11kV switchgears which is the most common in Sarawak, Malaysia but can easily be modified to operate other brand of switchgears. This is because the basic idea is to have a high force actuation happening at a safe distance away. User-friendliness of operation, maintenance as well as weight considerations were the prime criteria used in the design. The system was successfully tested on a high voltage switchgear.
Man Djun Lee, Mohd Shahril Osman, and Pui San Lee
EJournal Publishing
Man Djun Lee, Kee Chuong Ting, Heng Jong Ngu, and Norhasmillah Abu Hassan
IOP Publishing
This paper presents the design and development of an economically and technically feasible small-scale oil palm waste shredder. Oil palm waste management has always been a serious issue for palm oil industry in South East Asia. Poor waste management contributes to environmental problem and hence reducing consumers' confidence in palm oil products. It was found that most available oil palm waste shredders are unaffordable due to high initial investment cost, large, heavy and unportable, which have been the drawbacks for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to participate in oil palm waste management industry. To rectify the situation, a low cost and small-scale oil palm waste shredder is introduced in this paper. Based on Quality Function Deployment (QFD) results, the main design concept deduced is to compromise acceptable efficiency with affordable price by integrating all mandatory components of oil palm waste shredder into a comparatively small and portable support structure. The innovations made in the modified design are: 2 to 3 multiples of size reduction, adoption of double-shafts cutters with 7 jaws technology, installation of oil palm fibre and waste juice collecting system and deployment of a portable machinery base equipped with caster wheels. Preliminary calculations supported the conceptual design which consists of torque generated from 5.5kW electric motor connected to a ZQ500 reducing gearbox. The cutting force produced is expected up to 19.45kN, which has a safety factor of 4.5 as compared to the maximum compression strength of oil palm fronds (OPFs) which is only 4.351kN. This conceptual design is expected to be able to handle other oil palm wastes like empty fruit bunches (EFBs) as oil palm fronds (OPF) are generally harder than other oil palm wastes.
Prahobh Karunakaran, M. Shahril Osman, V. Karuppanna, Sung Chee Cheng, Man Djun Lee, Aurial Richard, and A. K. S. Lau
IEEE
There is currently no way to send power from hydroelectricity rich Sarawak to fossil fuel dependent Peninsular Malaysia which is separated by 630km of sea. A XLPE based submarine cable was found to be impractical after an in-dept research indicated the losses will be too high. But bare transmission lines can carry the needed power. Therefore, this work recreates overhead line conditions under the sea by suspending bare cables at the center of oil and gas pipes. Eddy current losses plus joule heating was measured as current is increased in steps of 5A up to 55A with 11 switchable parallel circuits of 12 incandescent bulbs each flowing in an uninsulated cable suspended at the center of eight 92cm length pipes of diameters ranging from 2.18cm to 8.81cm. The eddy current was measured as the heat generated on the pipes with an infrared camera. This data was extrapolated to HV transmission levels to determine the pipe diameter to negate losses. Then DC current was injected. Correspondingly the design of the cable-in-pipe system was made with feedback from O&G experts. At the forefront of this industry, HDPE pipes are being used which will be perfect for HV transmission, without worrying about eddy current or arching.
Man Djun Lee, Pui San Lee, Jasper Ling, and Heng Jong Ngu
Springer Singapore
This study aims to develop a water pump that utilizes natural hydro energy as driving force to deliver water to a higher ground. The conceptual design of using water wheel to extract kinetic energy from water flow, and transfer the energy to power multiple piston pump was created based on the extensive literature review findings. The actual prototype is then built and modified to suit the actual environment considerations. Findings show that single pump is able to produce maximum pressure head of 7.14 m and the maximum volume flowrate achieved is 19.2 l/h (320 ml/min). However, when multiple piston is connected in series (in this research three pistons is used), the maximum water head increased to 13.77 m and the maximum volume flowrate about 19.2 l/h. This result shows that the water pump can be used in remote area or places at higher ground that does not have constant water access. Performance of the whole system can be improved by several factors such as adding more blades to the water wheel, steeper angle and better piston shaft design for water pump, and also proper water sealing of the whole system to prevent head loss and increase the overall performance.
Man Djun Lee, Pui San Lee, and Kok Hing Chong
Desalination Publications
Man Djun Lee, Jia Yong Chan, Jasper Ling, and Pui San Lee
Horizon Research Publishing Co., Ltd.
This study aims to develop a water pump that utilizes natural hydro energy as driving force to deliver water to a higher ground. The conceptual design of using water wheel to extract kinetic energy from water flow and transfer the energy to power multiple piston pump was created based on the extensive literature review findings. The actual prototype is then built and modified to suit the actual environment considerations. Findings show that single pump is able to produce maximum pressure head of 7.14 meters and the maximum volume flowrate achieved is 19.2 l/hr (320ml/min). However, when multiple piston is connected in series (in this research three pistons is used), the maximum water head increased to 13.77 meters and the maximum volume flowrate about 19.2 l/hr. This result shows that the water pump can be used in remote area or places at higher ground that does not have constant water access. Performance of the whole system can be improved by several factors such as adding more blades to the water wheel, steeper angle and better piston shaft design for water pump, and also proper water sealing of the whole system to prevent head loss and increase the overall performance.
Man Djun Lee and Pui San Lee
IGI Global
This chapter gives an overview about reverse osmosis membrane desalination technology and process. Desalination process can be considered as one of the crucial processes in obtaining fresh water to meet the increasing fresh water demand throughout the world. Desalination process begins with the intake of seawater or brackish water. The intake system usually comprises a pump and piping system. Then, the seawater goes through pre-treatment process. From there, the treated seawater will go through desalination process. The most widely used desalination is membrane desalination utilizing reverse osmosis membrane. After desalination process, the fresh water will go through more filtration and a series of post-treatment. Post-treatment consists of conditioning and stabilizing the water for distribution. This chapter concludes with a case study to illustrate the operation and sustainability of a small-scale desalination plant that utilizes brackish city polluted water as source.
Wong Ging King, Lee Man Djun, Augustine Chioma Affam, Wong Chee Chung, Ir. Wong Chee Swee, and Johnson Olufemi Adebayo
AIP Publishing