Patibanda
@angrau.ac.in
Plant Pathology
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
K. Saratbabu, K. Vemana, A.K. Patibanda, B. Sreekanth, and V. Srinivasa Rao
Agricultural Research Communication Center
Background: Peanut stem necrosis disease (PSND) caused by Tobacco streak virus (TSV) is a major constraint for groundnut production in Andhra Pradesh (A.P.). However, studies on prevalence and spread of the disease confined to only few districts of A.P. with this background current study focused on incidence and spread of the disease in entire state of A.P. Further an isolate of TSV occurring in A.P. characterized on the basis of genetic features by comparing with other TSV isolates originated from different hosts and locations from world.Methods: Roving survey was conducted during kharif 2017-18 in groundnut growing districts of Andhra Pradesh (A.P.) for peanut stem necrosis disease incidence. Groundnut plants showing PSND symptoms were collected and tested with direct antigen coating enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA). Groundnut samples found positive by ELISA once again tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The representative TSV-GN-INDVP groundnut isolate from Prakasham district was maintained on cowpea seedlings by standard sap inoculation method in glasshouse for further molecular characterization. The Phylogenetic tree for coat protein (CP) gene was constructed using aligned sequences with 1000 bootstrap replicates following neighbor-joining phylogeny.Result: Thirty-eight (52.7%) of seventy-two groundnut samples collected from different locations in A.P were given positive reaction to TSV by DAC-ELISA. For the first time, PSND incidence observed in coastal districts (Krishna, Guntur, Sri Pottisriramulu Nellore, Prakasham) of A.P. Maximum PSND incidence recorded from Bathalapalli (22.2%) and the minimum incidence in Mulakalacheruvu (4.1%). The coat protein (CP) gene of TSV-GN-INDVP groundnut isolate was amplified by RT-PCR and it shared maximum per cent nucleotide identity (97.51-98.62%) with TSV isolates from groundnut and other different crops reported in India. All Indian isolates cluster together irrespective of crop and location based on the phylogenetic analysis.
Sagar N, Sayiprathap B. R, Jamadar M. M., Patibanda A. K., Madhu G. S, Harish D, and Sathish K
Scientific Societies
Grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.), a member of the family Vitaceae and native of North America, is grown as a table grape. During the survey for the grapevine diseases in May 2022, we noticed numerous yellow pustules of rust on lower side of leaves of 'Bangalore Bule' in Nandi village (13°22'59.7"N77°42'33.4"E), Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state of India. The crop was at maturity stage and the rust disease severity was determined using the scale given by Angelotti et al. (2008), which was up to 10%. The disease symptoms were numerous small raised yellow pustules on the abaxial surface corresponding to adaxial surface chlorotic spots. In severe conditions, spots cover the entire leaf and defoliation occurs. Similar disease symptoms were reported by Ono (2000); Weinert et al. (2003); and Primiano et al. (2017). The pathogenicity test was performed on cuttings of 'Bangalore Bule' grapevine in a glasshouse at 25±1°C. The urediniospores were collected from diseased leaves using a brush, 3×104 ml-1 suspension in distilled water was used for inoculation on the abaxial surface of leaves. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The leaves developed symptoms in 15-17 days after inoculation, and the pathogen was confirmed by symptomatology and microscopic observation of urediniospores. Urediniospores were short-pedicellate, sessile, obovoid to obovoid-ellipsoid, and uniformly echinulate with 42.98-32.54 x 31.37-25.15 µm in size. The aecial stage of the Phakopsora has been reported on an alternate host, Meliosma simplicifolia (Hosagoudar 1988). As the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region offers some utility in the molecular detection of the Phakopsora genus (Rush et al. 2019), the pathogen was confirmed by studying the different regions in the ITS such as ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2. Total DNA was extracted from urediniospore mass using the Macherey-Nagel kit (Duren, Germany) by following the manufacturer's protocol. The quantity of isolated DNA was checked using an Qubit 3.0 fluorometer (Invitrogen) before being subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in a thermocycler (Eppendorf-vapo.protect) using ITS1 and ITS4 primers (IDT, Singapore) targeting ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 regions, and the obtained amplicon (~700 bp) was purified using Macherey- Nagel Nucleospin gel and PCR clean-up kit (Duren, Germany) as per the manufacturer's protocol and sequenced by Sanger's dideoxy chain-termination method [ABI 3730 (48 capillaries) electrophoresis]. The sequence was edited in BioEdit (https://bioedit.software.informer.com/7.2/) and aligned in MUSCLE, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed in MEGA 11 using the neighbor-joining method by following the maximum likelihood criterion (Kumar et al. 2018). The sequence data was deposited at NCBI (accession number OP221661). The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) search sequence of the isolate Nandi-KA in GenBank revealed 97.91% homology with sequence of Phakopsora sp. (accession number KC815548.1) and 96.87% with Phakopsora euvitis (accession number AB354790.1). Based on disease symptoms, fungal morphology, the pathogenicity test, and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Phakopsora euvitis, the pathogen causing grapevine leaf rust disease. Though there are similar disease symptoms observed on grapevine in India (EPPO 2016); the pathogen was not confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Phakopsora euvitis causing leaf rust disease in grapevine (V. labrusca) in India.
M. Kasi Rao, M. Adinarayana, Gururaj Sunkad, A.K. Patibanda, T. Madhumathi, and B.R. Sayiprathap
Agricultural Research Communication Center
Background: The yellow mosaic disease (YMD) creates a major hindrance and known to affect a number of grain leguminous crops in the Indian sub-continent. However, blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is the most important grain legume crop which is affected widely by this disease. The disease is caused by a single stranded DNA containing begomovirus viz., Yellow mosaic virus (YMV) which is mainly transmitted through whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). Symptoms include severe patho-physiological alterations characterized by the presence of bright chlorotic yellow patches interspersed with green areas on leaf lamina. The present study was aimed to determine the variability among disease causing agents in six different geographical isolates representing four states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha and Telangana states of southern India during the 2019 rabi season. Methods: The variability of YMV associated with YMD of blackgram was studied based on molecular characterization of partial DNA-A coat protein gene with subsequent nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. Result: The synthetic primers designed for the partial DNA-A segment forms a distinct viral gene specific PCR product. The band size corresponding to CP ~704 bp was obtained for MYMV, whereas CP ~500 bp gene band was obtained for MYMIV. Further, phylogenetic analysis based on partial DNA-A gene sequences of six isolates with other isolates from GenBank formed into two unique clusters viz., MYMV and MYMIV. Overall, our study confirming that the begomovirus causing YMD of blackgram in southern India is explored to be as strains of MYMV and MYMIV.
S. Mastan Shareef, T. Madhumathi, M. Swathi, and A. K. Patibanda
The Entomological Society of India
A laboratory bioassay (topical application) was conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of ten insecticides against third instar larvae of fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith). Emamectin benzoate was found to be the most toxic with least LC50 value (1 ppm). The order of toxicity was emamectin benzoate (1 ppm) > spinetoram (1.2 ppm) > chlorantraniliprole (1.8 ppm) > novaluron+ emamectin benzoate (7.7 ppm) > novaluron (18 ppm) > novaluron + indoxacarb (31.7 ppm) > flubendiamide (33.8 ppm) > indoxacarb (42.3 ppm) > lambda-cyhalothrin (77.2 ppm) > chlorpyriphos (184.7 ppm). Emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, novaluron+ emamectin benzoate, novaluron, novaluron + indoxacarb, flubendiamide, indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin showed 184.70, 153.92, 102.61, 23.99, 10.26, 5.83, 5.46, 4.37 and 2.39 folds toxicity over chlorpyriphos, respectively at 72 hr after treatment.
Mohan Venkata Siva Prasad Bandi, S. L. Bhattiprolu, V. Prasanna Kumari, V. Manoj Kumar, V. Divyamani, A. K. Patibanda, K. Jayalalitha, and D. V. Sai Ram Kumar
Scientific Societies
Target spot with unusual symptoms was observed in upland cotton at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India in 2017. Symptoms appeared in about 60-65 days after planting with minute pinhead size light orange to brick red spots that gradually expanded as circular to oval or irregular concentric spots that finally developed as target spot with yellow halo. These symptoms were also observed during 2019-20 and 2020-21 diagnostic field visits at Krishna zone of Andhra Pradesh, India. Frequent showers had intensified disease severity and defoliation of different cultivars (L 1060, RCH 659 BGII, NDLH-1938 and Jaadoo BG II) examined. Leaf bits containing healthy and diseased portions of the specimens were surface sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for a minute and rinsed in three changes of distilled water and were placed on PDA at 27±1˚C for pathogen development. Obtained pathogen was purified using single spore isolation technique. Purified colonies exhibited grey colour on top of culture plate and greyish brown on bottom of culture plate with flat, aerial round colonies having fibrous texture with dense mycelium. Conidiophore were indeterminate septate with intermediate branching. Enteroblastic conidiogenous cells produced conidia subhyaline that were solitary or in chains, straight to curved, 83.43±31.73 x 7.61±1.43 µm with 7.27±2.19 pseudospeta. Morphological characteristics of the isolated fungus were consistent with original description of Corynespora cassiicola on cotton (Jones 1961; Fulmer et al., 2012; Conner et al., 2013) which confirmed it as Corynespora morphologically. Pathogenicity test was conducted on popular hybrid Jaadoo BG II using three isolates Lam (CGGL 19001), Koniki (CPIK 19009) and Venkatapuram (CKMB 19011) obtained during 2019-20 survey. After 50 days of sowing conidial suspension containing 1x104 spores per ml was sprayed on healthy plants maintained in pots under protected conditions. Immediately after spraying, the plants were covered with poly propylene covers for 48 h to prevent cross contamination and to ensure humidity for pathogen establishment. Healthy plants sprayed with sterile water served as control. After seven days of incubation, inoculated plants developed brick red spots initially which later developed into target spot. Absence of symptoms in control plants indicated pathogenic nature of the fungus. Pathogen was re-isolated from diseased tissue to confirm its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The identity of the pathogen was further examined using ITS primers. The DNA was isolated from 10 days old culture using CTAB method. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of three isolates were amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers and obtained amplicon (550 bp) were used for sequencing. The sequenced data was deposited in NCBI and accession numbers were obtained as MZ314930, MZ314928 and MZ314927. BLAST search in GeneBank revealed 99% homology of CGGL 19001 isolate with sequences of C. cassiicola (accession number of MN393240) while CPIK 19009 and CKMB 19011 isolates showed 100% homology with C. cassiicola in cotton having accession numbers of MN393238, MN228955, MN733135, MN288934 and MN393238. Based on symptoms, fungal morphology, pathogenicity test and ITS sequences obtained, the fungus was identified as C. cassiicola the pathogen of cotton causing target spot disease. Earlier, Sarma and Nayudu (1970) isolated Corynespora from different host plants including cotton but could not prove its pathogenicity on cotton. Later target spot of cotton associated with C. cassiicola had been reported from Central India (Salunkhe et al., 2019) and this is the first report of C. cassiicola in cotton from South India. Hence, this report of C. cassiicola on cotton is the first report from Souh India. Identification of target spot pathogen is very important as it is emerging as a dominant foliar pathogen for which management strategies are to be worked out. References: Jones, J. P. 1961. Phytopath. 51:305-308 Fulmer, A. M. et al. 2012. Plant Dis. 96 (7): 1066 Conner, K. N. et al. 2013. Plant Dis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-13-0133-PDN Salunkhe, V. N. et al. 2019. Plant Dis. http://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-18-0823-PDN. Sarma, Y. R. and Nayudu, M. V. 1970. Current Sci. 21: 495-496.
K Deekshita, PV Krishnayya, M Srinivasa Rao, AK Patibanda, and Sk Nafeez Umar
Diva Enterprises Private Limited
B. R. Sayiprathap, A. Patibanda, V. Prasanna Kumari, K. Jayalalitha, H. Ramappa, E. Rajeswari, L. Karthiba, K. Saratbabu, Mamta Sharma and H. Sudini
Frontiers in Microbiology
Two distinct emaraviruses, Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-I (PPSMV-I) and Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-II (PPSMV-II) were found to be associated with sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. The host range of both these viruses and their vector are narrow, confined to Nicotiana benthamiana identified through mechanical transmission, and to Phaseolus vulgaris cvs. Top Crop, Kintoki, and Bountiful (F: Fabaceae) through mite transmission. A weed host Chrozophora rottleri (F: Euphorbiaceae) was also infected and tested positive for both the viruses in RT-PCR. Among the wild Cajanus species tested, Cajanus platycarpus accessions 15661, 15668, and 15671, and Cajanus scarabaeoides accessions 15683, 15686, and 15922 were infected by both the viruses and mite vector suggesting possible sources of SMD inoculum. Though accession 15666 of C. platycarpus, 15696 of C. scarabaeoides, and 15639 of Cajanus lanceolatus were infected by both the viruses, no mite infestation was observed on them. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of PPSMV-I and PPSMV-II isolates in southern India revealed significant divergence especially PPSMV-II, which is closely related to the Fig mosaic virus (FMV) than PPSMV-I. In multilocation testing of pigeonpea genotypes for their broad-based resistance to SMD for two consecutive years, genotypes ICPL-16086 and ICPL-16087 showed resistance reaction (<10% incidence) in all three locations studied. Overall, the present study gives a clear idea about the host range of PPSMV-I and PPSMV-II, their molecular relationship, and sources of resistance. This information is critical for the development of reliable diagnostic tools and improved disease management strategies.
B. R. Sayiprathap, A. K. Patibanda, V. Prasanna Kumari, K. Jayalalitha, V. Srinivasa Rao, Mamta Sharma, and Hari Kishan Sudini
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
C.A. Rama Rao, M. Srinivasa Rao, K. Srinivas, A.K. Patibanda, and C. Sudhakar
SAGE Publications
The adoption and impact of integrated pest management (IPM) were examined for pigeon pea cultivation in Andhra Pradesh, India. Summer ploughing and spraying of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) were the most regularly adopted components of IPM for pigeon pea. A logistic regression analysis showed that age, education, participation in community-based organizations, ability to recognize the insect pests, and farm size influenced the decision to adopt IPM significantly. There were variations in the extent of IPM adoption among farmers. The adoption of IPM led to reduced use of insecticides and increased net returns. Furthermore, the use of new-generation insecticides led to a discontinuation of IPM practices.