Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
@engg.jkkn.ac.in
Associate professor
Aksum University
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Mechanical Engineering
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Dhipan Aravind Singaravel, Pavalan Veerapandian, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThis study extensively explored the impact of integrating waste tire rubber into high-performance concrete (HPC) by substituting natural sand. Different fractions of rubber particles—5%, 10%, and 15% replacements of the fine aggregate—were rigorously investigated. Properties from fresh to hardened concrete were assessed, including compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, workability, and damping coefficient. Replacing up to 10% of sand with 0.6 mm rubber particles showed minimal strength compromise compared to standard HPC. However, at a 15% replacement rate, a noticeable decline in strength became evident, highlighting an optimal threshold for inclusion. Additionally, rubber incorporation notably enhanced concrete ductility and damping, marking a substantial improvement in dynamic properties. Efforts to offset strength reduction through increased fines content and mineral admixture could not counteract the decline at the 15% replacement level, suggesting limitations in compensatory measures. Methodological refinements enhanced data accuracy, including capping and surface treatments during compression testing. The study underlined the viability of controlled rubber substitution for bolstering HPC's dynamic attributes. Despite strength reductions at higher replacement rates, controlled waste tire rubber integration proves promising for enhancing HPC's dynamics without compromising structural integrity, advocating its suitability across diverse construction applications.
Ramasamy Sethuraman, Thambidurai Muthuvelan, Sivasubramanian Mahadevan, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
B. Devaraj Naik, Sivakumar Jaganathan, Srinivas Jayaraman, G. Muthu, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, and Silambarasan Rajendran
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Anbuchezian Ashokan, Sivakumar Jaganathan, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Dhipanaravind Singaravel, Pavalan Veerapandian, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
American Chemical Society (ACS)
High-pressure laminates (HPLs) are widely utilized in interior applications but may have potential as exterior building facade coatings if suitably enhanced for weatherability. Nanoparticle additives are a promising approach to improving the durability and functionality of HPLs. This study aims to evaluate titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles incorporated into HPLs to determine if they impart properties for durable, functional exterior facades. Methods: HPLs were fabricated with 3.75 wt % TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles in the surface overlay. Industry-standard EN 438 tests characterized the quality, optical properties, and accelerated aging, including UV radiation, weathering, and thermal shocks. Properties were measured before and after aging to compare versus a standard HPL without nanoparticles. Nanoparticles not only increased initial solar reflectance but also caused color changes. After aging tests, nanoparticles did not sufficiently enhance durability compared to the standard HPL. While initial reflectance improved with nanoparticles, overall weatherability did not, indicating a need to optimize fabrication and nanoparticle selection. Although TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles increased initial HPL reflectance, the feasibility of durable facade coatings was not conclusively demonstrated. Further research should focus on ideal fabrication methods, nanoparticle types and concentrations, and performance in real-world conditions to facilitate adoption in building facade applications.
Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy and Elangovan Murugesan
Informa UK Limited
V. Chandrasekaran, P. Deivajothi, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
Informa UK Limited
Anbuchezian Ashokan, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, and Silambarasan Rajendaran
Informa UK Limited
Anbuchezian Ashokan, Sivakumar Jaganathan, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
Informa UK Limited
ABSTRACT This study delves into the environmental impact of concrete block manufacturing, focusing on embodied energy, CO2 emissions, and water consumption. The research addresses the pressing need to understand the ecological implications of concrete block production for sustainable development. We use a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to assess embodied energy, CO2 emissions, and water consumption throughout the concrete block production lifecycle. The study draws upon primary data from industry sources and secondary data from research studies to ensure accuracy and reliability. Findings reveal that concrete block manufacturing demands significant energy, primarily attributed to cement and aggregate production and transportation. The process generates substantial CO2 emissions from limestone calcination during cement production. Water consumption is a critical concern during the curing and washing stages. The study explores diverse strategies and technologies aimed at mitigating the environmental impact. Implications of this research highlight the importance of adopting sustainable practices within the concrete block industry to address environmental impact. This study emphasizes the concrete block industry's potential to contribute to a greener and more sustainable future by implementing environmentally friendly measures. This study's comprehensive analysis and actionable recommendations aim to attract readers and stakeholders, encouraging further interest and investment in sustainable practices.
Sivakumar Jaganathan, B. Devaraj Naik, V. Ravikumar, R. Venkateshkumar, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Prabhu Alphonse
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Silambarasan Rajendran, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, Sivakumar Jaganathan, Senthil Murugesan, Ranjithkumar Muthusamy, Sakthivel Periannan, Govindaraj Muniyappan, Boopathi Jaganathan, Kannan Srinivasan, Hariharan Elangandhi,et al.
Elsevier BV
Anbuchezian Ashokan, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractSteel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) offers improved toughness, crack resistance, and impact resistance. Nano-silica enhances the strength, durability, and workability of concrete. This study investigated the combined effect of nano-silica and steel microfibers, termed micro-concrete reinforced with steel fibers embedding nano-silica (MRFAIN), on the mechanical properties of concrete. The aim was to determine the influence of different percentages of nano-silica and steel microfibers on fresh state properties, mechanical strength, and mechanical performance of MRFAIN. MRFAIN mixtures were prepared with cement, sand, water, superplasticizer, varying dosages of nano-silica (0–2%), and steel microfibers (0–2% by volume). Mechanical properties evaluated at 28 days included compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and fracture energy. Incorporating steel microfibers reduced workability but enhanced mechanical properties like strength and ductility. Nano-silica addition showed variable effects on compressive strength but increased tensile strength. Optimal nano-silica content was 1% and steel microfibers 2%, giving compressive strength 122.5 MPa, tensile strength 25.4 MPa, modulus of elasticity 42.7 GPa. Using nano-silica and steel, microfibers enhanced the mechanical performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. This shows potential for reducing construction waste and pollution. Further research can optimize the proportions of nano-silica and steel microfibers in MRFAIN.
Silambarasan Rajendran, Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, Sivakumar Jaganathan, Govindaraj Muniyappan, and Nasim Hasan
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Depending on the heat content and compression ignition (CI) engine combustion, biodiesel is a viable substitute fuel. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, safe, sulfur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel. It may be utilized in CI engines in any combination with diesel fuel without requiring the engine to be significantly modified. Many research studies have been made with several biodiesels as diesel substitutes, including Pongamia pinnata, Jatropha curcas, Mangifera indica, and Madhuca longifolia. The topic of the current review is the potential of renewable fuels to outperform diesel fuel in terms of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. In the present study, CI engines are fueled with biodiesels made from Man. indica, Mad. longifolia, and pongamia seed oil. Adopting low heat rejection (LHR) mode CI engines and adding an antioxidant agent in addition to the biodiesel blends may resolve the issue of these biodiesels’ poorer performance and increased NO emission. Both these additions may provide positive approaches in both performance and emission.
Prabhu Alphonse, Karthikeyan Muthukumarasamy, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
MDPI AG
This study examines the effects of particle size and heat pipe angle on the thermal effectiveness of a cylindrical screen mesh heat pipe using silver nanoparticles (Ag) as the test substance. The experiment investigates three different particle sizes (30 nm, 50 nm, and 80 nm) and four different heat pipe angles (0°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) on the heat transmission characteristics of the heat pipe. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the heat pipe increased with an increase in heat pipe angle for all particle sizes, with the highest thermal conductivity attained at a 90° heat pipe angle. Furthermore, the thermal resistance of the heat pipe decreased as the particle size decreased for all heat pipe angles. The thermal conductivity measurements of the particle sizes—30, 50, and 80 nm—were 250 W/mK, 200 W/mK, and 150 W/mK, respectively. The heat transfer coefficient values for particle sizes 30 nm, 50 nm, and 80 nm were 5500 W/m2K, 4500 W/m2K, and 3500 W/m2K, respectively. The heat transfer coefficient increased with increased heat pipe angle for all particle sizes, with the highest heat transfer coefficient obtained at a 90° heat pipe angle. The addition of Ag nanoparticles at a volume concentration of 1% reduced the thermal resistance of the heat pipe, resulting in improved heat transfer performance. At a heat load of 150 W, the thermal resistance decreased from 0.016 °C/W without nanoparticles to 0.012 °C/W with 30 nm nanoparticles, 0.013 °C/W with 50 nm nanoparticles, and 0.014 °C/W with 80 nm nanoparticles. This study also found that the heat transfer coefficient increased with increased heat pipe angle for all particle sizes, with the highest heat transfer coefficient obtained at a 90° heat pipe angle.
Vetrivel Kumar Kandasamy, Sivakumar Jaganathan, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, and Silambarasan Rajendran
SAGE Publications
The emission of greenhouse gases is widely acknowledged as the primary driver of global warming. The adoption of renewable energy sources is paramount to address the dependence on fossil fuels, which contribute significantly to this issue and account for 84.3% of current energy production. Solar thermal energy stands out as a prominent option, representing 54.1% of the world's solar energy derived from solar collectors. However, solar thermal energy encounters challenge due to the suboptimal thermal properties of the liquids used in these collectors. Incorporating particles into the liquids offers a potential solution to enhance absorption and thermal properties. Nanofluids, formed by reducing solid particles to nanoscale dimensions, provide an avenue for improvement. This study aimed to produce an Ag nanofluid through mechanical exfoliation and assess its impact on radiation absorption compared to a GO nanofluid. Under a simulated power of 1 unit, the Ag nanofluid demonstrated temperature differences of 4 to 7°C, while pure water showed no significant deviation. Moreover, the evaporation efficiency of the Ag nanofluid reached up to 40.8% for concentrations of 200 and 500 ppm, compared to 28.6% for pure water. These findings highlight the potential of Ag nanofluid as a promising option for direct absorption solar collectors, owing to its cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, and similar benefits to graphene. Incorporating nanofluids, particularly the Ag nanofluid produced through mechanical exfoliation, can significantly enhance the efficiency of direct absorption solar collectors.
Prabhu Alphonse, Karthikeyan Muthukumarasamy, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Vetrivel Kumar Kandasamy, Arunkumar Munimathan, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy
SAGE Publications
Syngas produced from glycerol using aqueous phase reforming for nickel-based catalysts with different support materials were tested in a compression ignition (CI) engine. Experiments were conducted using nickel–alumina, nickel–lanthanum (NL), and nickel–ceria catalysts at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 glycerol–water ratios and temperatures of 240°C, 260°C, and 280°C. The NL catalyst showed the highest syngas and hydrogen yield of 90.58% and 76.42%, respectively, at 1:3 ratio and 260°C. The optimized NL syngas and diesel were tested in a CI engine at 6 to 30 lpm flow rates. At 30 lpm flow, brake thermal efficiency increased by 3.15%, NOx emission was reduced by 21.22%, and smoke lowered significantly compared to diesel. The faster hydrogen combustion in syngas increased the heat release rate and cylinder peak pressure. CO and HC emissions increased at lower loads due to diluted combustion but reduced at higher loads. NL showed the best performance and emissions among the syngases due to higher hydrogen content. In summary, the NL syngas at 30 lpm showed great potential in CI engines by improving combustion and performance and reducing emissions.
Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy and Mohan Govindasamy
Springer Nature Singapore
Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, Bahaa Saleh, Mohan Govindasamy, Ayman A. Aly, Asif Afzal, and Yasser Abdelrhman
Informa UK Limited
Abstract In this experimental and statistical investigation, Silver (Ag) nanoparticles with varying particle sizes of 20 nm with the base fluid of EG and DI water are tested to improve the heat transfer properties of the car radiator. The thermophysical properties are tested at temperatures varying from 35 to 75 °C. Results showed that small nanoparticles had higher thermophysical properties than large nanoparticles. The heat transfer properties along with friction factor characteristics are measured. A total of 20 nm of Ag has higher thermal transfer properties than other nanofluids; it can be concluded that smaller nanoparticles can improve thermal properties and minimize the radiator size compared to traditional coolants. A systematic optimized RSM-based architecture has been developed to define the quantitative estimate of the specific design parameters influencing nanofluid heat transfer properties and friction factor characteristics. Finally, correlations are developed for experimental Nusselt number and friction factor values by regression analysis.
Mohan Govindasamy, Senthil Ramalingam, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, and Silambarasan Rajendran
Elsevier BV
Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, Mohamed Ahmed, Yasser Abdelrhman, Asif Afzal, Fadl Essa, Mishal Alsehli, Ayman Aly, and Bahaa Saleh
National Library of Serbia
In heat transfer applications, nanofluids are utilized to increase thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient. The difficulty of nanoparticle stabilization in the fluids is a significant problem in heat transfer applications. Heat exchanger materials may wear and erode as a result of the additional nanoparticle. When compared to mono nanofluids, this can be lowered by using hybrid nanofluids. In this work, hybrid nanofluids are used in a radiator under laminar flow at 75?C, and the effect of volume concentration on heat transfer enhancement is investigated. The thermophysical characteristics of hybrid nanofluids are investigated using SiC and Al2O3 at 0.1 vol.% and 0.2 vol.%. The results revealed that a hybrid nanofluid with a higher volume concentration improves heat transfer. Finally, regression analysis for laminar flow is carried out and correlations for experimental Nusselt number and friction factor values were developed. The impact of particle size, flow rate, and temperature on the radiator?s heat transfer enhancement is investigated using hybrid nanofluid at 75?C. It is observed that the size of the nanoparticle has a substantial effect on heat transfer characteristics. It is concluded that using smaller-sized hybrid nanoparticles of Al2O3/SiC-S with less volume concentration enhances heat transfer and reduces radiator size compared to conventional coolants.
Senthil Ramalingam, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, Mohan Govindasamy, and V.M. Rajavel Muthaiah
Elsevier BV
Senthil Ramalingam, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, and Mohan Govindasamy
Elsevier BV
Senthil Ramalingam, Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy, and Mohan Govindasamy
Informa UK Limited
ABSTRACT In this paper, the heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer rate of a heat exchanger is evaluated by using nanofluids. The silicon carbide nanoparticles, milled and sonificated as nanofluids with volume fractions of 0.01499(%) and 0.01399(%) are used. The heat transfer characteristics of SiC(P)/water, SiC(M)/water, SiC(P)/EG, and SiC(M)/EG are measured in a concentric tube heat exchanger under laminar flow condition. The consequence of nanoparticle physiognomies and Reynolds number, on the heat transfer characteristics are evaluated. It has been found that the addition of milled nanoparticle in the base fluids enhances the heat transfer characteristics rather than the normal nanoparticle. The experimental results shows that the heat transfer coefficient rate of SiC(M) is higher than that of SiC(P) in both the case of water and EG. Further the Reynolds number and Nusselt number for SiC (M) was found higher than SiC (P), which is essential for heat transfer flow.
R. Senthil, D. Ratchagaraja, R. Silambarasan, and R. Manikandan
Elsevier BV