Birendra Kumar
@nitp.ac.in
RESEARCH SCHOLAR AND ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PATNA
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering, Multidisciplinary, Computer Networks and Communications
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scopus Publications
G. Vaishnavi, B.Pavan Kumar, P. Susmitha, and A. Bharathi
IEEE
This paper explains about a compact multiband single arm Archimedean spiral antenna with taper feed. The antenna is designed on a 1.57mm thick Roger’s RT Duroid 5880 substrate and it operates at 1.24GHz, 1.76GHz, 2.43GHz, 3.29GHz, 5.8Ghz with good impedance matching, Gain and Radiation pattern characteristics. The antenna would be very promising for vehicular communications which involve navigational wireless frequencies, wireless communication frequencies and dedicated short range communication frequency.
Birendra Kumar and Jayanta Ghosh
Wiley
AbstractA printed leaky‐wave antenna with stable gain and reduced cross‐polarization level is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna has the property of continuous backward‐to‐forward beam scanning with symmetrical scanning. The proposed antenna's unit cell consists of two unequal inclined stubs connected to a microstrip line. The angle between the stubs and their dimensions is designed optimally to obtain improved antenna performance. The antenna provides stable gain with peak gain 14.4 dBi and gain variation 2.55 dBi in the operating band 9.5–15 GHz. The maximum value of cross‐polarization level along the main beam is −30 dB. The design gives a scanning angle of 73° from −36° to +37° through broadside. Another important feature of the proposed antenna is that there is no gain reduction at the broadside radiation.
B. Pavan Kumar, Debatosh Guha, and Chandrakanta Kumar
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Achieving wide circularly polarized (CP) bandwidth in a simple probe-fed microstrip antenna is essential for many practical applications. Existing knowledge guides exploring a thick substrate-based patch design. However, it suffers from two major inherent issues: squinting of beam and high cross-polarized (XP) radiation. No solution is available so far. This letter successfully addresses both issues by imposing restriction on the fringing characteristics as well as modal fields of a suspended substrate circular patch. Engineered ground plane bearing different strategic defects has been explored leading to about 50% correction in beam squinting with reference to antenna boresight and 2–8 dB reduction in a peak XP level. Realistic design, physical insight, and the experimental validation ensure its huge potential for practical applications.
B. Pavan Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V. V. Srinivasan
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Performance of an axially displaced ellipse (ADE) reflector antenna with small aperture (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\\approx 33~\\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) when integrated with monopulse tracking feed is presented for the first time in this article. The results and other system design aspects are compared with the conventional geometries like Prime Focal, Gregorian, and Cassegrain antennas indicating significant electrical and mechanical advantages for a small aperture. These enable the design of a 4.6 m-diameter compact auto-tracking ADE antenna at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band for deploying on a transportable terminal. The measured gain of the antenna is 37.6 dBic at 2.25 GHz, which corresponds to an aperture efficiency of about 50% and gain over noise-temperature (G/T) ratio is 15.3 dB/K. The measured null depth is 30 dB with respect to the peak for monopulse tracking. These values are very good considering the small size of the aperture and the complexity of the feed.
B Pavan Kumar, Pradip Ratnakar Deokule, Chandrakanta Kumar, Chandrashekar Sriharsha, and V. Senthil Kumar
IEEE
Design of an electrically smaller diameter reflector antenna (diameter < 50λo) is a challenging task because the overall reflector efficiency is reduced by the higher percentage blockage due to sub-reflector, its support structure and the feed system. The reflector has to be mounted on a mechanically steered platform and support dual circular polarized operation on a satellite. These requirements added further to the design complexity. This work provides a good working design of a 0.35m diameter reflector antenna in Axially Displaced Ellipse (ADE) geometry and its feed at Ka-Band for transmitting high throughput payload data to the ground stations. Realized efficiency is more than 50% with cross-polar isolation better than 30dB.
Daliya Velandi Thiruvoth, A. A. Bazil Raj, B. Pavan Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and Ravi Dutt Gupta
IEEE
A dual-band reflectarray microstrip patch antenna element is presented in this paper. The concept of polarization diversity is effectively utilized in the design with the cross-polarization level obtained well below -25dB in both the principal planes. This supports the implementation of dual-band operation from the same element. The two orthogonal modes of a rectangular patch: TM01, and TM10, are exploited for the dual-band operation. The inherent narrow bandwidth of the element fulfils the requirement of the present work at both the downlink and uplink frequencies of 11.4 GHz and 13.2 GHz respectively. The bandwidth is measured to be 2% to 3%, which effectively keeps the design simple. Also, a good port isolation of 27 dB at downlink band and 20 dB at uplink band are observed. A measured return loss of 17.7 dB at 11.4 GHz and 26 dB at 13.2 GHz are obtained with an acceptable deviation of only 0.65% (75 MHz) at downlink frequency. Based on this element a configuration for dual-band reflectarray is also proposed.
Birendra Kumar, Ratnesh Ranjan, and Jayanta Ghosh
IEEE
This article presents a novel printed leaky-wave antenna used for broad angle scanning. This antenna can scan continuously from backward to forward through broadside. The unit cell is realized by placing two stubs at the same side of a microstrip line. The stubs have been used for reflection cancellation to remove open-stopband (OSB). An array of 11 such elements are made. The proposed leaky wave antenna is operated in the frequency range 8.5 GHz to 14 GHz with scanning angle from -32° through broadside to +20°. The proposed antenna provides almost consistent gain of 15 dBi in the whole operating band.
B Pavan Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, and Debatosh Guha
IEEE
Designing a circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch on a thick substrate is a bit tricky. It is a challenge to achieve the overlap of the required impedance matching as well as axial ratio (AR) lower than 3 dB over a common band of frequencies. In this work, a new design approach has been presented. Some strategic engineering in the form of a pair of metallic stubs for a circular patch has been adopted. This provides a flexibility of varying the frequency corresponding to the best AR slightly without affecting the impedance matching bandwidth. Using this approach effective CP bandwidth of a conventional design is improved to 5%.
B. Pavan Kumar, B. Sandhya Reddy, P. V. Sitaraman, M. Kumar, and Chandrakanta Kumar
IEEE
In this paper, an interesting observation that is seen when stub matching is implanted in a planar array antenna is explained. An 8×8 Ku-Band planar array antenna with a common aperture and radiating element fed with different feed networks for two frequencies is designed, fabricated and tested for its performance at a compact antenna test range. Measured gain at one of the frequency is about 8 dB less than the expected value. An investigation is carried out to understand this anomalous behavior of the antenna. Simulations carried out in a CAD tool revealed that the stub used for impedance matching indeed is radiating with a gain of more than 7 dBi and this is the reason for the reduction of gain in the required polarization. The design is now modified without the stub and successfully tested.
Shivam Arora, B. Pavan Kumar, V. Senthil kumar, C. Sriharsha, and D. V. Ramana
IEEE
In this paper, the design of a X-Band feed for a 4.6m Ship-borne Transportable Terminal (SBT) is presented. The SBT is known for its application of providing extended support for Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) in the sea. The configuration of SBT comprises of a five antenna feed system where the central element provides the sum pattern and the four adjacent elements, as a 2×2 array, are used for generating the difference patterns. The complete feed system is installed at the focii of the reflector antenna in Axially Displaced Ellipsoid (ADE) configuration. The designed central X-Band feed has a good circularly symmetric co-pole patterns and an isolation better than 15 dB over 19% bandwidth. This element provides cross-pol isolation better than 25db at the required uplink (7.2 GHz ) and the downlink (8.5 GHz) frequency.
Chandrakanta Kumar, B. Sandhya Reddy, B. Pavan Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V. V. Srinivasan
IEEE
High Efficiency design of an array with a dual band patch using orthogonal modes is presented in the paper. TM01 and TM10 modes of a rectangular patch are used for dual band operation. Though the frequencies are far apart like 11.4 GHz for the downlink link and 13.2 GHz for the uplink, this configuration effectively keep the design narrow band resulting in design simplicity. It also provides very good cross-polarized (XP) isolation which is measured to be more than 33 dB. This enables frequency reuse using polarization diversity and allows dual band operation from a single aperture. The size of the array is 320 mm × 640 mm and provides about 31.1 dBi gain at downlink and 30.6 dBi gain at uplink band. A modular design approach is also presented that can be quickly adopted for an array of different size. The array has been used for the telemetry tracking and command (TT&C) operations of a geostationary satellite after it reaches the orbital slot and is stabilized.
B. Pavan Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V. V. Srinivasan
IEEE
In this paper, an interesting discussion on the spherical phased array antenna (SPAA) having unequal amplitude distribution is provided. The possibility of using two different amplitude excitations and their effect on the radiation characteristics are discussed in this paper. The results are compared with the case where all the elements are fed with equal amplitude and having an equal total RF radiated power. An SPAA is realized at X-Band to provide an Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of 23 dBW and tested for its performance. The antenna is meeting all the mission requirements. The antenna is used for one of the low earth orbiting satellite of ISRO.
B. Pavan Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V. V. Srinivasan
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Reliability is one of the most important aspects for any system onboard a satellite. This paper discusses different failure conditions and a fault-tolerant design of an active spherical phased array antenna (SPAA). This SPAA is having a hemispherical scan coverage for transmission of satellite imagery data at high bit rates to the ground station. Different failure conditions are identified and a criticality rank has been assigned based on their effects on the overall performance of the SPAA. Two entirely different configurations of the array are chosen to select the best one considering the failure effects. Based on these analyses, a rational margin is built such that the array can take care of even the most critical failure condition. This paper provides an insight toward the realization of a reliable phased array and thus useful for a practicing antenna engineer involved in designing antennas for the spacecrafts.
B. Pavan Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V. V. Srinivasan
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
In this letter, very interesting characteristics of the element used in a spherical phased array antenna are described. From the analysis, it is deduced that the optimum pattern of the element that results in maximum array directivity is a cosine squared function. This is verified in two different array configurations—one with 32 elements and the other with 64 elements. A compact quasi-tapered helix antenna is designed at X-band, and its radiation properties are compared with the required performance. Helix antenna is selected as it can give good bandwidth and good polarization purity.
B. Pavan Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, M. Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V.V. Srinivasan
IEEE
In this paper, the design and the measured results of a compact active spherical phased array antenna (SPAA) are presented. Analysis is carried out including the effect of amplitude imbalances in the excitation in predicting the exact performance of the SPAA. The measured results are compared with the simulated results. Measured effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) shows close match with the simulated results.
B. Pavan Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V. V. Srinivasan
IEEE
This paper presents a detailed study for realization of an optimized configuration of a 4.6 m diameter reflector antenna for ship-borne transportable terminal using axially displaced ellipsoid (ADE) configuration. Maximum gain achievable from the aperture coupled with system level parameters like G/T, accommodation of a feed capable of simultaneous uplink and downlink involving monopulse tracking and ease of assembly on a moving and constrained workplace like ship or a truck is also major driving parameter in the design. These parameters are explicitly analyzed and discussed in this paper.
Chandrakanta Kumar, B. Pavan Kumar, V. Senthil Kumar, and V. V. Srinivasan
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Design aspects of an active spherical phased-array antenna (SPAA) operating in dual circularly polarized (CP) mode are discussed here. Dual CP configuration with good cross-polarized isolation enables frequency reuse using polarization diversity. This design also implements sharing of the resources like amplifiers and phase shifters in an optimal way to reduce mass, power requirement, and cost of the antenna. The antenna is hemispherical in shape and maintains required effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) over a hemispherical coverage area. Detailed analysis including the effect of failure of a few of the elements of the array and the measured results of the antenna at X-band are discussed here. This antenna has been used for transmission of payload data from a low Earth orbit satellite of ISRO.
V. V. Srinivasan, Chandrakanta Kumar, B. Pavan Kumar, V. K. Lakshmeesha, and S. Pal
IEEE
In this paper, design of a dual circularly polarized (CP) spherical phased array antenna (PAA) is discussed. Dual CP configuration is implemented to enable frequency reuse using polarization diversity. This is realized using a high performance dual CP radiating element. This antenna is capable to generate beams in both the polarizations at any specified direction over the hemisphere. Realization aspects and the measured results of the PAA are discussed here. This antenna is proposed to be used for the high bit-rate data transmission at X-band from the India's upcoming RADAR imaging satellite RISAT-1.
B Pavan Kumar, M Kumar, Chandrakanta Kumar, Senthil Kumar, and V V Srinivasan
IEEE
In this paper, design of a circularly polarized (CP) Quadrifilar Helix antenna (QFH) is discussed. QFH provides a circularly polarized cardioid-shaped radiation pattern with a high front-to-back ratio, better circular symmetry in the pattern and very good cross-polarization discrimination over wide coverage. Realization aspects and the measured results of the QFH are discussed here. This antenna is proposed to be used for transmission of satellite telemetry data with Omnidirectional coverage in C-band for India's all upcoming GEO-Stationary and navigational satellites.