Elif ARICI
@sinop.edu.tr
Sinop University
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Levent Bat, Öztekin Yardım, Ayşah Öztekin, and Elif Arıcı
Elsevier BV
Levent Bat, Nuri Başusta, Ayşah Öztekin, Fatih Şahin, Elif Arici, and Kadir Seyhan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Levent Bat, Ayşah Öztekin, Dilara Kaya Öztürk, Elif Arıcı, Fatih Şahin, and Zeynep Hasançavuşoğlu
Elsevier
Levent Bat, Ayşah Öztekin, Elif Arici, Fatih Şahin, and Md. Simul Bhuyan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Levent Bat, Fatih Şahin, Md. Simul Bhuyan, Elif Arici, and Ayşah Öztekin
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Levent Bat, Fatih Şahin, Ayşah Öztekin, and Elif Arici
College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University
Enrichments of metals in surface sediments from Iğneada shores of the Black Sea were analysed to define the level of contamination in the region. For this purposes, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, Al and Fe levels in surface sediments were studied from 6 stations. Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab. Elemental analyses in sediments were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of metals varied from 0.031 to 0.091 for Cd; 0.025 to 0.064 for Hg; 3.32 to 7.88 for Pb; 5.75 to 13.42 for Cu; 25.63 to 40.07 for Cr; 14.8 to 28.2 for Ni; 18.29 to 33.21 for Zn; 268 to 377 for Mn; 10,987 to 17,101 for Al; and 11,521 to 20,700 mg·kg₋1 for Fe mg·kg₋1 dry wt. Metal levels were found to be much lower than recommended levels when compared to Sediment Quality Criteria for surface sediments. Enrichment Factors (EF), Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to the data for assessing the sediment quality. EF values were nearly between 0.33 and 2.4. Mostly EF for metals were less than 2, may be come from natural weathering processes or crustal substances, indicate no enrichment. However, some results of EF values slightly exceeding 2 indicate moderate enrichment. These rates aren’t thought to be important. Igeo values for all metals were less than 0 at all stations, suggesting that the Iğneada shores was uncontaminated by these studied metals. PLI values ranged from 0.410 in station I to 0.747 in station IV, indicating that Iğneada shores in the Black Sea were less impacted by these metals. PLI value for zone was found as 0.553665002. The Igeo and PLI values also suggest that surface sediments in Iğneada shores of the Black Sea is uncontaminated. 
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Metal enrichments in surface sediments from the Black Sea coasts of İğneada were studied to determine the level of contamination in the area
 EF values less than or equal to 2 indicate that there is no contamination, and that the concentration is within the natural background prediction range. Only the EF values for Cr and Ni were between 2 and 5, indicating moderate enrichment
 The Igeo analyses revealed that the İğneada shores sediments were unpolluted for all studied metal levels at all stations
 All PLI values in the stations were between 0 and 1, indicating that İğneada shores were less impacted by these metals
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Levent Bat, Fatih Şahin, Ayşah Öztekin, and Elif Arici
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Concentrations of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in the edible tissues of seven commercial fish species ( Mullus barbatus , Merlangius merlangus , Scophthalmus maximus , Mugil cephalus, Engraulis encrasicolus , Trachurus mediterraneus and Sarda sarda ) collected from Sinop coasts of the southern Black Sea were detected in 11 years. In several fish samples, the concentrations of elements (Cd, Hg and Pb) were not detected or were below the detection level. The present study showed that Pb was the most and Cd was the least accumulated metal in the studied fish species. The concentrations of those metals are below the international organizations’ recommended limit. It was shown that the estimated metal dose values for daily average consumption and hazarded quotients (HI) in fish samples are below safety levels for human consumption (HI˂1). From the human health point of view, this study showed that there was no possible health risk to people due to intake of any studied species under the current consumption rate in the country for 11 years. This study could be useful as a baseline data for metals exposure.
Levent Bat, Elif Arici, Ayşah Öztekin, and Fatih Şahin
Kemerovo State University
Introduction. Toxic metals in fish, even at low levels, have negative consequences for human health. Even essential metals pose a health threat if consumed in certain quantities. Mercury, cadmium, and lead are the most frequent metals containing in fish. The research objective was to inspect the quality of aquaculture fish found in most major grocery chains across Turkey.
 Study objects and methods. The present research featured the quantities of Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Pb, Hg, and Cd in Turkish salmon. The sampling took place between February and June 2019. The cumulative carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for consumers was evaluated based on trace element levels in a prospective health risk assessment using the U.S. EPA model of lifetime exposure.
 Results and discussion. Fe proved to be the most abundant element in fish fillets, followed by Zn and Cu. Other elements appeared to be far below the permissible values, namely Al ≤ 0.5, Cd ≤ 0.02, Pb, and Hg ≤ 0.05. All the trace elements detected in Turkish salmon were below the reference dose values. The percent contribution to total risk by Fe, Cu, and Zn were 34.20, 24.80, and 41.01%, respectively. The hazard index was ≤ 1. The contamination of aquaculture fish fillet proved insignificant, and the carcinogenic risk was entirely negligible.
 Conclusion. The research revealed no hazardous trace elements, and their cumulative effects were not indicated in the hazardous index.
E. Arici and L. Bat
This study is to provide information on levels of the elements in leaves and roots-rhizomes of Zostera marina and Zostera noltei, their surrounding sea water and sediments collected from Akliman and Turkeli coastal areas of Sinop city in the Black Sea four times between September 2015 and July 2016. The concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in digested samples were measured by Agilent Technologies, 7700X ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer). The results showed that the concentrations of metals were found in the order Hg 2). The general capacities of element translocation were found as acropetal for Al, Mn, Ni, Cd and Hg in eelgrass. The present findings interpreted for the first time in the Turkish Black Sea waters. Both species of Zostera in high concentrations of these elements may be due to untreated wastes that are discharging from different sources such as harbor activities, agricultural and domestic wastes in coastal areas. In order to assess the impact of contaminants and take necessary actions, the region needs to be monitored regularly.
L. Bat, E. Arici, A. Öztekin, and F. Şahin
IMBR RAS
The present study was performed to assess Cd, Pb, and Hg contaminations and human health risk in the warty crab Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) in Akliman shores of Sinop Peninsula of the Black Sea. Heavy metals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Among studied toxic metals, Pb had the highest mean concentration in E. verrucosa. The highest mean concentration of Pb (0.2 mg per kg of wet weight) was observed in male samples of the warty crab. However, higher concentrations of Cd and Hg (0.11 and 0.019 mg per kg of wet weight, respectively) were observed in females of E. verrucosa. The mean Cd values found in the warty crabs were higher in May and June than those in July and August. On the other hand, Pb values were recorded in July and August. The mean Hg values were not different between months except July and August for male samples of E. verrucosa. Foraging seasons of these crabs are different, which can lead to differences in prey size and ultimately metals intake. However, the results show that a toxic heavy metal concentration in edible tissues of crab from the southern Black Sea was within the permissible limits given by national and international food codices. Target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate non-carcinogenic human health risks. Estimated THQs of Cd, Pb, and Hg suggest that these metals in the warty crab do not pose any apparent threat to humans, when the HI value is below the value of 1. The result of the analysis has shown that the warty crab E. verrucosa can be used as bioindicator as it contains variable levels of the metals observed. Since consumption is the main source of heavy metal intake by humans, monitoring studies are needed to protect public health and take preventive measures.
Levent Bat, Ayşah Öztekin, Elif Arici, and Fatih Şahin
Kemerovo State University
Introduction. The coastal contamination of the Black Sea has been an important issue for several decades. Heavy metals are the most harmful contaminants which affect people health. The research objective of the present study was to determine the amounts of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn found in the whiting (M. merlangus L.) and the red mullet (M. barbatus L.). These Black Sea bottom fish species have the highest commercial value. The obtained data were used to assess the risk which the fish represents for human consumers.
 Study objects and methods. The elements were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The amounts of the metals arranged in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd. 
 Results and discussion. The mean values of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the edible tissues were 0.013, 0.024, 0.07, 0.195, and 9.05 mg/kg wet wt. for whiting and 0.017, 0.036, 0.05, 0.29, and 6.4 mg/kg wet wt. for red mullet, respectively. These levels proved lower than the permitted values set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of the UK (MAFF), Turkish Food Codex (TFC), and EU Commission Regulation. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for all the elements via consumption of whiting and red mullet were also low.
 Conclusion. Hazard index (HI) was ˂ 1, which means that the fish caused no health problems in people who consumed whiting and red mullet caught in the southern Black Sea during the fishing seasons of 2017–2018. The carcinogenic risk index (CRI) for whiting and red mullet was also considered insignificant.
Levent Bat and Elif Arici
Elsevier
Abstract The European Parliament published in the field of Marine Environment Policy Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), ecological quality and integrity in estuarine, the marine and coastal ecosystems, has been developed to conserve and restore. MSFD is based on the principle of ecosystem-based management prescinds all pressures of the seas and deals to the sea regionally. The purpose of the directive in the European Union (EU) by 2020 is to provide good environmental status of the seas (GES). Turkey is a country of which four sides are surrounded by seas with various features. Therefore, efficient prediction of the environmental changes in the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea is needed to identify, analyze, and determine the cost of solutions for better marine environmental management and sustainable development of the resources. The coastline of Turkey is 8333km, and the distribution of the coastline according to seas surrounding Turkey is: the Black Sea 1719km, Sea of Marmara 1474km, Aegean Sea 3265km, and the Mediterranean 2025km. The Black Sea is unique in the world, a semiclosed sea connected to the small Sea of Marmara by the narrow Bosporus Strait; Strait of Dardanelles further connects to the Aegean and the Mediterranean Seas. For this reason, there is very little natural circulation. Self-cleaning ability remains limited. The presence of the Turkish Straits is considered a waterway of strategic and economic importance. These straits are the busiest waterways in terms of transportation and in particular are vulnerable for the seawater mainly being polluted by oil spills from ships. Other major pollution sources in the straits are shipping activities, ship accidents, marine traffic, and overfishing. Sea of Marmara is also an inland sea within the Marmara region, described as “biological corridor” for many migrating species between the Black Sea and the Agean Sea. The Aegean Sea is a part of the Mediterranean between the mainlands of Turkey and Greece and contains thousands of islands, isles, and rocks. Overfishing, ship-originated pollution, exotic species, and by-catch are the main threats in this sea. The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea located between Europe, Africa, and Asia. The seawater of the Mediterranean Sea is threatened by habitat degradation generally due to human activities, such as fisheries and coastal development. As a result of pollution, Seas of Turkey ecosystem has been subject to extreme changes in recent years. One of the important pollutants are due to the heavy metals toxic property of natural concentrations, which negatively affect the ecosystem when they take on the biological activities of the organisms that make up the food chain, the balance between biota and the environment corruption, and they adversely affect the people at the top of the food chain. Fishery products (fish, crustaceans, and molluscs) represent an important source of livelihood and food. Turkey has an advantage in terms of fish and other fishery products due to its geographical location that is surrounded by seas on three sides. They contain high nutrient value and protein that is beneficial for the organisms and consumed all over the world. Although fish consumption in Turkey is at low levels, environmental pollution and their effects on fishery products are important. In this chapter, the pollutants, some of the most important of which are heavy metals and their effects on fish, molluscs, and crustacea in the Seas of Turkey and comparison of the measured values with national and international standards for food are briefly reviewed.