Global prevalence and clinical correlates of obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Rupali Chauhan, Riddhi Solanki, Mahira Saiyed, Banshi Saboo, Komal Shah Discover Public Health, 2026 Background The intersection of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and obesity in children represents a growing clinical concern. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes evidence of obesity prevalence among children with T1D through assessment of global hospital based studies. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines and a pre-registered PROSPERO protocol (CRD420251109718), a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect to identify eligible studies. The synthesis was primarily based on hospital-based cohorts; registry-derived studies were treated as distinct cohorts, with only one dataset retained per registry to minimize population overlap. Studies reporting data on both prevalence and clinical impact of overweight or obesity in individuals aged 0–18 years with T1D were included. Results This review synthesized data from 13 studies published between 2014 and 2025, including 62,132 children and adolescents with T1D drawn predominantly from hospital-based cohorts across multiple countries (including the United States, Australia, European nations, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey), with additional data from multinational registries treated as separate cohorts, with most studies employing cross-sectional designs. Mean age of participants ranged from early childhood (4.6 years) to late adolescence (15.4 years), with a mean disease duration of 5.2 years. Among studies reporting sex distribution, the proportion of male participants ranged from 44.6% to 54.9%, with most studies demonstrating a near-equal sex distribution. Glycemic control was suboptimal across cohorts, with mean HbA1c values around 8.2% and reaching as high as 11.2% in some groups. Insulin requirements varied between 0.65 and 0.92 units/kg, with higher doses generally observed in older children and those with longer disease duration. Insulin delivery was heterogeneous, with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) used in approximately half of patients (average 50%), while CGM usage was reported between 57 and 85%. Epidemiologically, the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated as 25.8% (95% CI 20.15–31.40%) and 9.85% (95% CI 8.97–12.20%), respectively, both with substantial heterogeneity ( I 2 > 95%). Small number of studies showed a higher prevalence among girls compared to boys for both obesity (11.68% vs. 7.89%) and overweight (22.94% vs. 21.99%), with disparities more pronounced during adolescence. Conclusion This review reveals a significant burden of excess weight in children with T1D, with one in four overweight and over one in ten obese. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, age- and development appropriate interventions, particularly during puberty period, to prevent onset of metabolic syndrome and long-term cardiovascular disease. Integrating weight surveillance and tailored lifestyle support into routine diabetes care is essential to mitigate future cardiometabolic risk.
Formulation and Characterization of Lycopene-Loaded Microemulsion-based Gel for the Management of Chronic Wound Healing Pankaj Popli, Inderjeet Singh, Srikanth Basety, Rupali Chauhan, Sushma Devi, Shashi Kant, Rajan Swami Advanced Therapeutics, 2026 Chronic wounds, especially in diabetic patients, often struggle to heal due to prolonged inflammation, oxidative stress, and poor tissue regeneration. Lycopene, a natural antioxidant found in tomatoes, has shown therapeutic potential in wound care, but its poor water solubility and thereby limited skin absorption have hindered its practical application. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to develop a lycopene‐loaded microemulsion‐based gel (LMEG) for topical use. The formulation is prepared by optimizing a microemulsion using ethyl oleate, Tween 80, and PEG 400, and then integrating it into a gel matrix containing Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and carbopol 940. The resulting gel is evaluated for its physical properties, drug content, in vitro release, skin permeation, and wound healing efficacy in a diabetic rat model. The LMEG showed high drug encapsulation, good viscosity, and sustained drug release. In vivo results demonstrated complete wound closure by day 14, with restored epidermal structure, presence of skin appendages, and reduced inflammation. Biochemical studies revealed a significant decrease in inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, and glycation end‐products. The combined benefits of lycopene and KGM contributed to effective wound healing by addressing both inflammation and oxidative stress, indicating LMEG could be a promising topical therapy for chronic wound management.
Cardioprotective potential of punicalagin: an evidence-based review Gurjeet Kaur, Rupali Chauhan, Gauri Kashyap, Jayant Goyal, Neeraj Mittal, Parveen Kumar, Sushma Devi Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 2026 L., focusing on its pharmacological mechanisms in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis. Preclinical studies demonstrate that punicalagin reduces oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK pathways, suppresses inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) through NF-κB and MAPK inhibition, improves endothelial function by upregulating eNOS, and modulates lipid metabolism through ApoB100 binding and cholesterol efflux. Clinical trials further support these effects, showing improvements in lipid profile, blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness. Punicalagin's multitarget actions support its translational potential in the management of CVD.
Point of care devices in primary care setting in india: A scoping review Shalu R. Chaudhary, Somya Mathur, Rupali Chauhan, Shreya Shah BMC Primary Care, 2025 BACKGROUND: Point-of-care (PoC) devices represent a critical advancement in healthcare, particularly in primary care settings, allowing timely clinical decision-making and treatment leading to improved patient outcomes. Despite growing relevance, the deployment and effectiveness of PoC devices remain underexplored. The scoping review aims to collate the existing literature on PoC devices in Indian healthcare context, highlighting key concepts, identifying knowledge gaps, and mapping the landscape of available evidence. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across databases, like MEDLINE, Cochrane Database, and JBI Evidence Synthesis with no language restrictions. The reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts to select relevant studies based on predefined eligibility criteria. Data extraction involved charting key details, including study objectives, participant demographics, PoC device type, and outcomes. The findings were synthesized descriptively, focusing on identifying trends, gaps, and the distribution of evidence. RESULTS: The scoping review reveals increased adoption of PoC devices, especially in settings with limited resources, highlighting their important roles in maternal health, infectious diseases, and non-communicable diseases. These devices improve early detection and accessibility to healthcare, particularly in rural regions where the demand is higher. Nonetheless, inequalities remain due to challenges related to infrastructure, financial limitations, and gaps in regulation. Furthermore, the long-term effectiveness of these devices is compromised by fragmented diagnostic processes, insufficient follow-up care, and difficulties in integrating them with existing health systems. Despite these obstacles, PoC devices present valuable opportunities to enhance decentralized healthcare delivery and boost patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the potential of PoC devices, challenges in digital health integration and implementation must be addressed to ensure their effective utilization. The review highlights the need for standardized guidelines and robust infrastructure to support their sustainable adoption. Additionally, further research is essential to bridge existing gaps and enhance their role in delivering equitable and high-quality healthcare across diverse settings.
Assessing the Role of Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan in India’s Fight against TB: A National-level Data-based Research Investigation Harsh Shah, Jay Patel, Raghuram Rao, Kiran Rade, Bhavin Vadera, Amar Shah, Ridhima Sodhi, Sudheer Nadipally, Anjori Agrawal, Degal Dharma Rao, Sandeep Rai, Sanyam Panchal, Yogesh Patel, Shalu Chaudhary, Rupali Chauhan, Deepak Saxena Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2025 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with India being severely affected. Despite efforts like the End TB Strategy and the National Strategic Plan for TB Control, the burden persists, necessitating innovative approaches such as the Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (PMTBMBA). This study aims to assess the implementation and reach of PMTBMBA nutritional support, examining factors that influence its uptake among persons with TB (PwTB) and Ni-kshay Mitra: a voluntary donor to PwTB. Materials and Methods: Aggregated data variables from the records and registers of Ni-kshay Portal were analyzed for the duration of September 2022 to May 2023. It examined the nutritional support coverage under PMTBMBA initiative and outcomes of PwTB and uptake of scheme among Ni-kshay Mitra. Results: The PMTBMBA showed 51% Ni-kshay Mitra supported, with varying levels of support provision across the states. Notably, 9.6% of PwTB documented with receipt of benefits during initial months, with better coverage in certain states. Most of the Ni-kshay Mitra distributed nutritional support, and analysis demonstrated a significant association between Ni-kshay Mitra support and improved treatment outcomes. This finding was confirmed through Chi-square analysis ( P < 0.001, OR = 2.2) and regression analysis, showing that PwTB without support are significantly more likely to have unfavorable outcomes (Exp (B) =1.671). Conclusion: The PMTBMBA represents a crucial initiative in India’s TB control efforts, integrating comprehensive support for PwTB. However, challenges in volunteer engagement and geographical disparities highlight the need for targeted strategies and equitable nutritional support allocation. The study underscores the importance of community involvement and nutritional support in enhancing TB treatment outcomes, emphasizing the program’s potential to drive progress toward TB elimination.
