The impact of metformin therapy on serum leptin levels in Iraqi obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2025
Evaluation of prothymosin alpha, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and ischemia-modified albumin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with dysregulated lipid profile Karam Mazin Gharab, Mohammad Ahmad Bik, Safaa Ehssan Atta, Ghufran S. Jawad, Eissa Almaghrebi, et al. Qatar Medical Journal, 2025 Background: Prothymosin alpha (PTMα) is a small acidic polypeptide from the thymosin family with immune activity and protective properties against oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), produced in the liver from gut bacterial metabolite trimethylamine and associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and higher all-cause mortality. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a significant oxidative stress biomarker, particularly in ischemia-reperfusion conditions. This study investigates PTMα, TMAO, and IMA levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, both with and without hyperlipidemia, to explore their relationships and their potential role as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Method: The study received ethical approval from the Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine Hospital committee under approval number 2024/33. The study included male and female T2DM patients aged 30–60, with 30 having hyperlipidemia and the rest being non-lipemic. TMAO was performed using API 3200 LC-MS\\MS while PTMα was analyzed using an ELISA kit from BT LAB, serum IMA levels were evaluated by the spectrophotometric method. Results: Comparisons were made between those with T2DM and control groups. In the T2DM group, PTMα was significantly higher in females (p = 0.047), while TMAO and IMA showed no significant gender difference. The control group had no significant differences in PTMα, TMAO, and IMA levels. Comparisons among healthy controls, non-lipemic T2DM patients, and hyperlipidemic T2DM patients revealed significantly decreased PTMα levels with no change in IMA levels across groups. In contrast, TMAO was significantly higher in the patient group. Conclusion: The findings of this study have potential implications for the field, suggesting that PTMα might serve as a prognostic indicator for T2DM and that reduced TMAO levels might play a role in T2DM pathogenesis, opening up new avenues for research and treatment.
Evaluation of asprosin levels in growth hormone-deficient children Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2024
SERUM VISFATIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY I. N. Salman, N. U. G. Mohammed, S. E. Atta, B. A. Abed, R. Salim Diabetes Mellitus, 2024 BACKGROUND: The primary cause of blindness in diabetics is diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and visual impairment. Visfatin is an adipocytokine that aids in insulin activity during gestational diabetes and pregnancy.AIM: This study aimed to estimate serum visfatin levels in DR, proliferative (PDR), non-proliferative (NPDR), and healthy subjects (HS).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 120-patient case-control study with a history of T2DM for more than 5 years as well as 30 healthy subjects enrolled in the study. Patients group divided into three sub-groups, DM, PDR, and NPDR. Visfatin levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Triglyceride (TG), serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed.RESULTS: The PDR patients and patients with poor glycemic control showed significantly increased visfatin levels compared with the HS group and T2DM patients without DR. The TC, TG, and DR group’s LDL-C levels were noticeably higher and significantly greater in PDR than in the group of HS.CONCLUSION: Visfatin levels have been linked to both the severity and existence of DR. and more in patients with poor glycemic control. Elevated lipids were associated with DR risk.
Molecular Investigation of gyrA Mutations in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Derived from Diverse Sources Safaa Ehssan Atta, Lujain Ghannawi, Omar Yasir Shakir, Karam Mazin Gharab Al Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences, 2023 Background: Fluoroquinolones are the most effective antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. In hospitals, excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of highly resistant strains of S. aureus isolates. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the mutations that occur in the gyrA gene encoding for DNA gyrase, which is one of the targets for fluoroquinolone resistance. Methods: Fifty clinical isolates were diagnosed as S. aureus according to molecular and bacteriological methods. The susceptibility tests were performed on all bacterial isolates by the disc diffusion method using methicillin and six fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Results: Out of fifty isolates, twelve were resistant to methicillin and all six antibiotics (nalidixic acid, lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin). From the fifty isolates, 12 were resistant, 3 were intermediate, and 38 were sensitive to three or more tested antibiotics. The resistance of S. aureus isolates was also confirmed by the minimum inhibitory concentration test. The main sources of isolates were burns (10%), nose (16) wounds (8%), operation room (10%), ear (20%), urine (8%), skin (6%), and throat (22%). Twelve resistant isolates were used to examine the mutations in the gyrA gene. A direct sequence analysis found eight mutations in the gyrA gene; these mutations included 2 (25% missense mutations), 1 (12.5%) deletion mutation, and 5 (62.5%) silent mutations at various sites. Conclusion: gyrA mutations resulting from the excessive use of antibiotics may be one of the mechanisms leading to fluoroquinolone resistance.
