MUHAMMAD SAFWAN BIN ZAINI

@upm.edu.my

Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Universiti Putra Malaysia

MUHAMMAD SAFWAN BIN ZAINI


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https://researchid.co/safwanzaini
Experienced working at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland. I am PhD graduate from Universiti Putra Malaysia. Currently as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

EDUCATION

PhD in Physics (Universiti Putra Malaysia)

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, General Physics and Astronomy
8

Scopus Publications

317

Scholar Citations

10

Scholar h-index

10

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Effect of pH on optical and physicochemical properties of green synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for dye-sensitized solar cell
    Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
    Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2026
  • Solvent-Dependent Photoluminescence Emission and Colloidal Stability of Carbon Quantum dots from Watermelon Peels
    Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew, Suriati Paiman, Tan Sin Tee, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
    Journal of Fluorescence, 2025
  • Impact of carbon concentration on optical and zeta potential properties of carbon quantum dots
    Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Low Yiin Jian, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
    Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 2024
    Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are fluorescent nanoparticles with diverse applications in multiple fields. The optical and physical properties of CQDs are influenced by several factors, such as the synthesis method, surface passivation and particle size. This study explores how carbon concentration affects the properties of CQDs. The CQDs were synthesized through a carbonization process with carbon concentrations varying from 0.03 to 0.15 g/ml. The samples of CQDs were characterized by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that carbon concentration significantly impacts the optical properties and zeta potential of CQDs. Specifically, higher carbon concentrations result in increased fluorescence intensity and larger particle size. HRTEM images reveal that the average size of the CQDs is below 10 nm, consistent with DLS measurements. These findings suggest that carbon concentration can serve as a straightforward and effective parameter for tuning CQDs properties, with potential applications in bioimaging, sensing and optoelectronics.
  • Study of the Electron-Phonon Coupling in PbS/MnTe Quantum Dots Based on Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence
    Nur Diyana Halim, Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Zainal Abidin Talib, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
    Micromachines, 2022
    The temperature dependence of photoluminescence (PL) emission is a valuable tool for investigating carrier localization, recombination, and carrier–phonon interactions. Herein, electron–phonon couplings in lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) and lead sulfide/manganese tellurite (PbS/MnTe) QDs is reported. The effect of temperature on the PL emission of PbS and PbS/MnTe was explored within a temperature range of 10 to 300 K. When temperature increased, PL emission was blue-shifted due to the confinement effect. The gradual broadening of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) with increasing temperature indicates electron–phonon interactions. An analysis based on the Boson model revealed that the values of the exciton acoustic phonon coupling coefficient, σ, and temperature-dependent linewidth, γ, for PbS/MnTe were larger than those for PbS, indicating stronger exciton longitudinal-optical–phonon coupling in the compound structure.
  • Photoluminescence Investigation of Carrier Localization in Colloidal PbS and PbS/MnS Quantum Dots
    Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew, Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Mohmad, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
    ACS Omega, 2020
    The existence of surface organic capping ligands on quantum dots (QDs) has limited the potential in QDs emission properties and energy band gap structure alteration as well as the carrier localization. This drawback can be addressed via depositing a thin layer of a semiconductor material on the surface of QDs. Herein, we report on the comparative study for photoluminescent (PL) properties of PbS and PbS/MnS QDs. The carrier localization effect due to the alteration of energy band gap structure and carrier recombination mechanism in the QDs were investigated via PL measurements in a temperature range of 10–300 K with the variation of the excitation power from 10 to 200 mW. For PbS QDs, the gradient of integrated PL intensity (IPL) as a function of excitation power density graph was less than unity. When the MnS shell layer was deposited onto the PbS core, the PL emission exhibited a blue shift, showing dominant carrier recombination. It was also found that the full width half-maximum showed a gradual broadening with the increasing temperature, affirming the electron–phonon interaction.
  • Quantum confinement effect and photoenhancement of photoluminescence of PbS and PbS/MnS quantum dots
    Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew, Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Mohmad, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
    Applied Sciences Switzerland, 2020
    The quantum confinement effect and photoenhancement of photoluminescence (PL) of lead sulphide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) and lead sulphide/manganese sulphide (PbS/MnS) core shell QDs capped with thiol ligands in aqueous solution were investigated. From PL results, the presence of MnS shells gives a strong confinement effect which translates to higher emission energy in PbS/MnS core shell QDs. Increasing MnS shell thickness from 0.3 to 1.5 monolayers (ML) causes a blueshift of PL peak energies as the charge carriers concentrated in the PbS core region. Enhancement of the PL intensity of colloidal PbS and PbS/MnS core shell QDs has been observed when the samples are illuminated above the band gap energy, under continuous irradiation for 40 min. Luminescence from PbS QDs and PbS/MnS core shell QDs can be strongly influenced by the interaction of water molecules and oxygen present in aqueous solution adsorbed on the QD surface. However, PbS/MnS core shell QDs with a shell thickness of 1.5 ML did not show a PL peak energy stability as it was redshifted after 25 min, probably due to wider size distribution of the QDs.
  • An Electrochemical Sandwich Immunosensor for the Detection of HER2 using Antibody-Conjugated PbS Quantum Dot as a label
    Zur Mira Azizah Nor Haiza Lah, Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad, Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2019
  • Temperature and power dependence of photoluminescence in PbS quantum dots nanoparticles
    Muhammad Safwan Zaini, Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin, Ying Chyi Josephine Liew, Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Mohmad
    Sains Malaysiana, 2019
    In this study, the synthesis and the effect of temperature and power excitation towards photoluminescence (PL) emission of colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs) were reported. Water soluble PbS QDs capped with a mixture of 1-thioglycerol (TGL) and dithioglycerol (DTG) was synthesized via colloidal chemistry method at room temperature. The PL emission of PbS QDs was investigated under temperature range from 10 K to 300 K and we found that the PL emission blue-shifted when the temperature is increased. From high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the average size of PbS core QDs is determined to be 6 nm and the integrated PL intensity (IPL) versus excitation power density shows the recombination of electrons and holes occur efficiently at low and high temperature for the PbS QDs. Full width half maximum (FWHM) shows a gradual broadening with the increasing temperature due to the interaction of charge carriers with phonons.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Effect of pH on optical and physicochemical properties of green synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for dye-sensitized solar cell
    MS Zaini, JYC Liew, MA Kamarudin
    Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 102666 , 2026
    2026
  • Solvent-dependent photoluminescence emission and colloidal stability of carbon quantum dots from watermelon peels
    MS Zaini, JYC Liew, S Paiman, TS Tee, MA Kamarudin
    Journal of Fluorescence 35 (1), 245-256 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 19
  • Impact of carbon concentration on optical and zeta potential properties of carbon quantum dots
    MS Zaini, LY Jian, JYC Liew, MA Kamarudin
    Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 32 (11), 1039-1049 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 17
  • Sol-gel-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles for electroluminescence enhancement of MEH-PPV OLEDs
    MA Mohd Sarjidan, AK Rosli, MS Zaini, MA Nordin, SM Hafiz, ...
    Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 758 (1), 71-79 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 2
  • Energy harvesting performance of a novel polymer-nanocrystal composite of P (VDF-TrFE)/ZnO QD films
    N Ahmad, WHA Majid, MS Zaini, AK Rosli, RH Adnan, NA Halim
    Materials Science and Engineering: B 289, 116256 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 12
  • Study of the electron-phonon coupling in PbS/MnTe quantum dots based on temperature-dependent photoluminescence
    ND Halim, MS Zaini, ZA Talib, JYC Liew, MA Kamarudin
    Micromachines 13 (3), 443 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 7
  • The effect of trap density on the trapping and de-trapping processes in determining the turn-on voltage of double-carrier organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs)
    MS Zaini, MA Mohd Sarjidan, WH Abd. Majid
    Journal of Electronic Materials 50 (8), 4511-4523 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 6
  • Photoluminescence investigation of carrier localization in colloidal PbS and PbS/MnS quantum dots
    MS Zaini, JYC Liew, SA Alang Ahmad, AR Mohmad, M Ahmad Kamarudin
    ACS omega 5 (48), 30956-30962 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 10
  • Quantum confinement effect and photoenhancement of photoluminescence of PbS and PbS/MnS quantum dots
    MS Zaini, J Ying Chyi Liew, SA Alang Ahmad, AR Mohmad, ...
    Applied Sciences 10 (18), 6282 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 91
  • Ying Chyi Liew J., Alang Ahmad SA, Mohmad AR, Kamarudin MA Quantum Confinement Effect and Photoenhancement of Photoluminescence of PbS and PbS/MnS Quantum Dots
    MS Zaini
    Appl. Sci 10 (18), 6282 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 8
  • An electrochemical sandwich immunosensor for the detection of HER2 using antibody-conjugated PbS quantum dot as a label
    SAA Ahmad, MS Zaini, MA Kamarudin
    Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 174, 608-617 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 86
  • Temperature and power dependence of photoluminescence in PbS quantum dots nanoparticles
    MS Zaini, MA Kamarudin, JLY Chyi, SAA Ahmad, AR Mohmad
    Sains Malays 48, 1281-1288 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 13
  • Quality Control (QC2) of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) for GE1/1 at CMS Experiment
    A Sharma
    2016
  • Determination of traps' density of state in OLEDs from current–voltage analysis
    MS Zaini, MAM Sarjidan, WHA Majid
    Chinese Physics Letters 33 (1), 018101 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 8
  • Electroluminescence and negative differential resistance studies of TPD: PBD: Alq3 blend organic-light-emitting diodes
    MAM Sarjidan, SH Basri, NK Za’Aba, MS Zaini, WH Abd Majid
    Bulletin of Materials Science 38 (1), 235-9 , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 15
  • Fabrication and Characterization of Solution Processed Top-Gate-Type Organic Light-Emitting Transistor
    MA Sarjidan, N Jubri, SH Basri, NK Za'aba, MS Zaini, SN Zaini, ...
    Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 6 (12), 1035-1039 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 13
  • Blending effect on small molecule based OLED
    MAM Sarjidan, NK Za’Aba, SH Basri, SN Zaini, MS Zaini, WH Abd Majid
    Optoelectron. Adv. Mat 7, 498 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 10

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Quantum confinement effect and photoenhancement of photoluminescence of PbS and PbS/MnS quantum dots
    MS Zaini, J Ying Chyi Liew, SA Alang Ahmad, AR Mohmad, ...
    Applied Sciences 10 (18), 6282 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 91
  • An electrochemical sandwich immunosensor for the detection of HER2 using antibody-conjugated PbS quantum dot as a label
    SAA Ahmad, MS Zaini, MA Kamarudin
    Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 174, 608-617 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 86
  • Solvent-dependent photoluminescence emission and colloidal stability of carbon quantum dots from watermelon peels
    MS Zaini, JYC Liew, S Paiman, TS Tee, MA Kamarudin
    Journal of Fluorescence 35 (1), 245-256 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 19
  • Impact of carbon concentration on optical and zeta potential properties of carbon quantum dots
    MS Zaini, LY Jian, JYC Liew, MA Kamarudin
    Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 32 (11), 1039-1049 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 17
  • Electroluminescence and negative differential resistance studies of TPD: PBD: Alq3 blend organic-light-emitting diodes
    MAM Sarjidan, SH Basri, NK Za’Aba, MS Zaini, WH Abd Majid
    Bulletin of Materials Science 38 (1), 235-9 , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 15
  • Temperature and power dependence of photoluminescence in PbS quantum dots nanoparticles
    MS Zaini, MA Kamarudin, JLY Chyi, SAA Ahmad, AR Mohmad
    Sains Malays 48, 1281-1288 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 13
  • Fabrication and Characterization of Solution Processed Top-Gate-Type Organic Light-Emitting Transistor
    MA Sarjidan, N Jubri, SH Basri, NK Za'aba, MS Zaini, SN Zaini, ...
    Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 6 (12), 1035-1039 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 13
  • Energy harvesting performance of a novel polymer-nanocrystal composite of P (VDF-TrFE)/ZnO QD films
    N Ahmad, WHA Majid, MS Zaini, AK Rosli, RH Adnan, NA Halim
    Materials Science and Engineering: B 289, 116256 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 12
  • Photoluminescence investigation of carrier localization in colloidal PbS and PbS/MnS quantum dots
    MS Zaini, JYC Liew, SA Alang Ahmad, AR Mohmad, M Ahmad Kamarudin
    ACS omega 5 (48), 30956-30962 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 10
  • Blending effect on small molecule based OLED
    MAM Sarjidan, NK Za’Aba, SH Basri, SN Zaini, MS Zaini, WH Abd Majid
    Optoelectron. Adv. Mat 7, 498 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 10
  • Ying Chyi Liew J., Alang Ahmad SA, Mohmad AR, Kamarudin MA Quantum Confinement Effect and Photoenhancement of Photoluminescence of PbS and PbS/MnS Quantum Dots
    MS Zaini
    Appl. Sci 10 (18), 6282 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 8
  • Determination of traps' density of state in OLEDs from current–voltage analysis
    MS Zaini, MAM Sarjidan, WHA Majid
    Chinese Physics Letters 33 (1), 018101 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 8
  • Study of the electron-phonon coupling in PbS/MnTe quantum dots based on temperature-dependent photoluminescence
    ND Halim, MS Zaini, ZA Talib, JYC Liew, MA Kamarudin
    Micromachines 13 (3), 443 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 7
  • The effect of trap density on the trapping and de-trapping processes in determining the turn-on voltage of double-carrier organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs)
    MS Zaini, MA Mohd Sarjidan, WH Abd. Majid
    Journal of Electronic Materials 50 (8), 4511-4523 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 6
  • Sol-gel-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles for electroluminescence enhancement of MEH-PPV OLEDs
    MA Mohd Sarjidan, AK Rosli, MS Zaini, MA Nordin, SM Hafiz, ...
    Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 758 (1), 71-79 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 2
  • Effect of pH on optical and physicochemical properties of green synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for dye-sensitized solar cell
    MS Zaini, JYC Liew, MA Kamarudin
    Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 102666 , 2026
    2026
  • Quality Control (QC2) of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) for GE1/1 at CMS Experiment
    A Sharma
    2016

RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)

. Teaching Pre-Bachelor Degree Courses
- Physics I (General Physics, Kinematics in Two Dimensions, Thermodynamics, Wave and Vibration, Optics, Fluid Mechanics)
- Physics II (EM Waves, Electric Current, Modern Physics, Nuclear Physics, Early Quantum Theory, Astrophysics and Cosmology)
- Semiconductor, Nanoscience

ii. Active in research on Nanoscience and Semiconductor field (Quantum Dots) with use in energy devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).