Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
@portal.unila.edu.br
Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Plant Science
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Katia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Vitor Batista Pinto, Valter Jário de Lima, Uéliton Alves de Oliveira, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Jhean Torres Leite, Leticia Peixoto Gomes, José Gabriel de Souza Silva,et al.
Elsevier BV
Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Valter Jário de Lima, Guilherme Ferreira Pena, Talles de Oliveira Santos, Jhean Torres Leite, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Divino Rosa dos Santos Júnior, Danielle Leal Lamêgo,et al.
MDPI AG
Developing popcorn genotypes that are adapted to water-deficit conditions is crucial due to the significant impact of this abiotic stress on grain yield. This study aimed to assess the combining abilities of preselected popcorn lines for agronomic and root traits under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. A circulating diallel analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the general and specific combining abilities of 10 lines and their respective hybrids for various traits, including productivity, popping expansion, expanded popcorn volume, 100-grain weight, ear length, ear width, support root angle, crown root angle, number of support roots, number of crown roots, density of support roots, and density of crown roots. Non-additive action genes predominantly influenced the agronomic traits under both water conditions. In contrast, the root traits displayed a greater proportion of additive action gene expression under both conditions, despite being significantly affected by the environment. Lines L61, L71, and L76 demonstrated positive and high effects for general combining ability. The hybrids L65/L76, L71/L76, and L61/L75, in addition to exhibiting satisfactory effects of their specific combining ability, also displayed the most favorable phenotypic responses for most agronomic and root traits, making them ideal candidates for inclusion in popcorn breeding programs aiming to develop drought-tolerant genotypes.
Talles de Oliveira Santos, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Wallace de Paula Bernado, Bruna Rohem Simão, Valter Jário de Lima, Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Roberto dos Santos Trindade, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst,et al.
MDPI AG
Nitrogen is crucial for plant growth and development, and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a viable strategy for reducing dependence on nitrogen inputs and promoting sustainability. While the benefits of heterosis in corn are well known, the physiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in popcorn are less understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of heterosis on growth and physiological traits in four popcorn lines and their hybrids under two contrasting nitrogen conditions. We evaluated morpho-agronomic and physiological traits such as leaf pigments, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, and leaf gas exchange. Components associated with NUE were also evaluated. N deprivation caused reductions of up to 65% in terms of plant architecture, 37% in terms of leaf pigments, and 42% in terms of photosynthesis-related traits. Heterosis had significant effects on growth traits, NUE, and foliar pigments, particularly under low soil nitrogen conditions. N-utilization efficiency was found to be the mechanism favoring superior hybrid performance for NUE. Non-additive genetic effects were predominant in controlling the studied traits, indicating that exploring heterosis is the most effective strategy for obtaining superior hybrids to promote NUE. The findings are relevant and beneficial for agro farmers seeking sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop productivity through the optimization of nitrogen utilization.
Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Valter Jário de Lima, Jhean Torres Leite, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Valdinei Cruz Azeredo, Janeo Eustáquio de Almeida Filho, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Rodrigo Moreira Ribeiro,et al.
MDPI AG
In view of the need to develop new popcorn cultivars and considering the uncertainties in choosing the most appropriate breeding methods to ensure consistent genetic progress, simultaneously for both popping expansion and grain yield, this study addressed the efficiency of interpopulation recurrent selection regarding genetic gains, the study of the response in genetic parameters as well as heterotic effects on the control of the main agronomic traits of popcorn. Two populations were established, Pop1 and Pop2. A total of 324 treatments were evaluated, which consisted of 200 half-sib families (100 from Pop1 and 100 from Pop2), 100 full-sib families from the two populations and 24 controls. The field experiment was arranged in a lattice design with three replications in two environments, in the north and northwest regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The genotype × environment interaction was partitioned and the genetic parameters, heterosis and predicted gains were estimated by the Mulamba and Mock index, based on selection results in both environments. The genetic parameters detected variability that can be explored in successive interpopulation recurrent selection cycles. Exploring heterosis for GY, PE and yield components is a promising option to increase grain yield and quality. The Mulamba and Mock index was efficient in predicting the genetic gains in GY and PE. Interpopulation recurrent selection proved effective to provide genetic gains for traits with predominantly additive and dominance inheritance.
Yure Pequeno de Souza, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Fábio Tomaz de Oliveira, Shahid Khan, Juliana Saltires Santos, and Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Rodrigo Moreira Ribeiro, Adriano dos Santos, Yure Pequeno de Souza, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Valter Jario de Lima, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Shahid Khan, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Talles de Oliveira Santos,et al.
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Abstract The hybrids UENF N01, N02 and N03 have enhanced nitrogen-use efficiency, particularly in terms of N responsiveness, which makes them ideal for low-input cultivation. Even under abiotic stress, popping expansion is not reduced, indicating these hybrids for growth in the N and NW of Rio de Janeiro State.
Carolina Macedo Carvalho, Shahid Khan, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Valter Jário de Lima, José Gabriel de Souza Silva, Lara Moreira Catarino Fuly, Jhean Torres Leite, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Rosenilda de Souza,et al.
Frontiers Media SA
Low rainfall rates are becoming increasingly frequent because of climate change, causing droughts and threatening world food security. For popcorn, drought is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant’s growth and development. Thus, the water deficit directly impacts for crop productivity. Based on knowledge of the genetic basis of traits involved in stages of popcorn germination and seedling development under water stress, genotypes with potential for adaptation to adverse growing conditions can be selected early. Therefore, data on genetic effects and combining ability of 10 popcorn parents were compiled to propose breeding strategies for the development of cultivars with greater adaptation to water stress in the early stages. Forty-five diallel hybrids were evaluated under two different water regimes, that is, water stress and full irrigation. This corresponded to a water retention capacity of 25% and 70% of the germination paper. The plants were watered daily as needed for seven days. A range of factors were evaluated, that is, germination traits including the germination speed index and germination on the seventh day; shoot traits including length and dry weight; and root system including length, dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, maximum root number, root network area, specific and root network length, and root volume. Breeding for drought adaption in the early stages of popcorn development can be successful when hybrids are used, because of the genetic effects of dominance (ϕs). These control the traits evaluated at the seedling stage. The combinations L61 x P2 and L71 x P3 were recommended, in view of the more successful performance estimated for traits related to the shoot and root system.
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Jr, Ismael Fernando Gerhardt, Rodrigo Moreira Ribeiro, Valter Jario de Lima, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Flávia Nicácio Viana, Katia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt, Jhean Torres Leite, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Talles de Oliveira Santos,et al.
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Rodrigo Moreira Ribeiro, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Marcelo Vivas, Julio Cesar Gadice Saluce, Jhean Torres Leite, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Valter Jário de Lima, Danielle Leal Lamego, Kevelin Barbosa Xavier,et al.
MDPI AG
Popcorn cultivation has been growing in and has positively affected the Brazilian economy. However, these crops are grown with genotypes susceptible to diseases, generating high losses. Thus, studies aimed at obtaining resistant genotypes are particularly interesting, as popcorn is susceptible to several pathogens. The most efficient, environmentally correct, and economical method of disease control is using resistant cultivars. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of inbred lines of popcorn and their respective testcross hybrids in terms of diseases caused by fungi. For this purpose, 15 S7 inbred lines were crossed with five testers, four with a narrow genetic basis (inbred lines L270, L651, P1, and L70) and one with a broad genetic basis (open pollination variety PARA 172). The arrangement of treatments in incomplete blocks (lattice 10 × 10) with three replications was used. The testcross was efficient in the discrimination per se of the progenies and the testers. The inbred lines L685, L691, L696, and L684 and the PARA 172 tester showed potential resistance to P. polysora, B. maydis, and E. turcicum. The GT biplot method proved reliable in identifying efficient, responsive, and resistant inbred lines and revealing the hybrid 56 as the ideal genotype.
Shahid Khan, Vitor Batista Pinto, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves, Caio Cézar Guedes Corrêa, Fernando Rafael Alves Ferreira, Guilherme Augusto Rodrigues de Souza, Eliemar Campostrini, Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas, Marlene Evangelista Vieira,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractWe investigated the proteomic profiles of two popcorn inbred lines, P2 (N-efficient and N-responsive) and L80 (N-inefficient and nonresponsive to N), under low (10% of N supply) and high (100% of N supply) nitrogen environments, associated with agronomic- and physiological-related traits to NUE. The comparative proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 79 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the comparison of high/low N for P2 and 96 DAPs in the comparison of high/low N for L80. The NUE and N uptake efficiency (NUpE) presented high means in P2 in comparison to L80 at both N levels, but the NUE, NUpE, and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) rates decreased in P2 under a high N supply. DAPs involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism suggested that N regulates enzymes of alternative pathways to adapt to energy shortages and that fructose-bisphosphate aldolase may act as one of the key primary nitrate responsive proteins in P2. Proteins related to ascorbate biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism increased their regulation in P2, and the interaction of l-ascorbate peroxidase and Fd-NiR may play an important role in the NUE trait. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the proteomic changes taking place in contrasting inbred lines, providing useful information on the genetic improvement of NUE in popcorn.
Jhean Torres Leite, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Valter Jário de Lima, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Uéliton Oliveira Alves, Valdinei Cruz Azeredo, Jacymara Lopes Pereira, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Katia Fabiane Medeiros Schmidt,et al.
MDPI AG
The search for productive germplasm adapted to adverse conditions is an important action to mitigate the harmful effects of climate change. The aim was to identify the yield potential of 50 popcorn inbred lines grown in field conditions, in two crop seasons (CS), and under contrasting water conditions (WC). Morphoagronomic, physiological, and root system traits were evaluated. Joint and individual analyses of variance were performed, in addition to the multivariate GT bip-lot analysis. Expressive reductions between WC were observed in 100-grain weight (100 GW), popping expansion (PE), grain yield (GY), expanded popcorn volume per ha (EPV), row number per ear (RNE), plant height (PH), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and nitrogen balance index (NBI). It was found that the SPAD, 100 GW, GY, PE, and grain number per ear (GNE) traits had the most significant impact on the selection of genotypes. Regardless of WC and CS, the ideal lines were L294 and L688 for PE; L691 and L480 for GY; and L291 and L292 for both traits. SPAD, 100 GW, and GNE can contribute to the indirect selection. Our work contributes to understanding the damage caused by drought and the integration of traits for the indirect selection of drought-tolerant popcorn genotypes.
Talles de Oliveira Santos, Fábio Tomaz de Oliveira, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Janeo Eustáquio de Almeida Filho, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Marta Simone Mendonça de Freitas, José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Valter Jário de Lima, Flávia Nicácio Viana,et al.
MDPI AG
Phosphorus is a non-renewable natural resource that will run out of reserves in the upcoming decades, making it essential to understanding the inheritance of nutrient use efficiency for selecting superior genotypes. This study investigated the additive and non-additive effects of commercially relevant traits for the popcorn crop (grain yield—GY, popping expansion—PE, and expanded popcorn volume per hectare—PV) in different conditions of phosphorus (P) availability in two locations in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Six S7 lines previously selected for P use—L59, L70, and P7, efficient and responsive; and L54, L75, and L80, inefficient and non-responsive—were used as testers in crosses with 15 progenies from the fifth cycle of intrapopulation recurrent selection of UENF-14, with adaptation to the North and Northwest regions of Rio de Janeiro State. Using the Griffing diallel analysis, P use efficiency was predominantly additive in the expression of PE, and non-additive effects were prominent for GY and PV. For obtaining genotypes that are efficient for phosphorus use, it is recommended that heterosis with parents that provide additive gene accumulation for PE be explored.
Flávia Nicácio Viana, Marcelo Moura Chaves, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Valter Jário de Lima, Jhean Torres Leite, Katia Fabiane Medeiros Schmidt, Uéliton Alves de Oliveira, Danielle Leal Lamego, Jacymara Lopes Pereira,et al.
MDPI AG
This study aimed to identify the genetic control of morphological, water status, and root traits in four inbred lines and their pre-selected hybrid combinations of popcorn, and to identify the best parents and hybrids. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions, and with two water conditions—water-stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW). We evaluated shoot biomass (SB), whole plant leaf area (WPLA), chlorophyll content, carbon isotope discrimination, net CO2 assimilation rate, the stomatal conductance, transpiration, cumulative plant transpiration, and root weight density in three sections. The reductions in SB and WPLA are attributed to stomatal causes, given the maintenance of water condition values in water-stressed plants. In fact, the stomata were closed for long periods during plant growth under the water-stressed condition, as indicated by the more negative carbon isotope discrimination values. The root weight density, regardless of soil depth and water conditions, was higher in hybrids. There was a preponderance of non-additive effects in the control of morphological and root traits, especially in the WS condition, and heterosis was shown to be the fundamental strategy for obtaining superior hybrids. For water status traits, it is essential to choose the female parent in the crossing block, given the maternal effect expressed by net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration.
Guilherme Ferreira Pena, Gabrielle Sousa Mafra, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior, Rafael Ferreira Alfenas, Leonardo Lopes Bhering, Juliana Saltires Santos, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Valter Jário de Lima, Talles de Oliveira Santos, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo,et al.
MDPI AG
Popcorn is a food highly appreciated throughout the world, generating billions of dollars annually just in the North American market alone. Even in the face of the historical superiority of American hybrids, which occupy almost 100% of the grain production fields in Brazil, our researchers have been working to develop cultivars that combine important traits for the crop, such as tolerance to leaf diseases and high rates of grain yield and popping expansion. This work investigated the degree of genetic divergence among 40 diallel hybrids of popcorn, 16 parents and 6 elite controls using mixed models to discriminate superior materials to be adopted in the Brazilian agribusiness. Based on the individual Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) of each of the 15 variables analyzed, the Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) and Tocher clusters were performed, and the study of Pearson correlation was carried out. The results pointed out that there is genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated and that the best candidates for composing superior genotypes are in the combination between the P10×L77 parents and/or between the P7 and L88 lines. Linear correlations showed that earlier flowering and taller genotypes exhibited an association with materials more tolerant to Exserohilum turcicum intensity.
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior, Omar Vergara-Diaz, Adrian Gracia-Romero, Jose A. Fernandez-Gallego, Melissa Carolina Chang-Espino, Maria Luisa Buchaillot, Fatima Zahra Rezzouk, Valter Jário de Lima, Maria Dolores Serret,et al.
Elsevier BV
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Valter Jário de Lima, Marcelo Javier Carena, Valdinei Cruz Azeredo, Gabrielle Sousa Mafra, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz Santos, Jhean Torres Leite, Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior,et al.
Frontiers Media SA
Drought currently affects several regions worldwide and tends to be more frequent due to climate change. It might compromise food security and the economic structure related to agribusiness. Popcorn has a crucial role in the Brazilian economy, but the cultivars that adapt to water stress, the most prejudicial abiotic stress for crop productivity, are unknown to date. This deficit of popcorn varieties adapted to heat and drought stresses will become more limiting with climate change. Given this scenario, knowing the genetic basis of agronomic traits under stress conditions is essential in promoting crop productivity and plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. Under two contrasting water conditions (WC) and different crop seasons (CS), we aimed to generate information about the combining ability of 10 popcorn progenitors and 15 hybrids through a partial diallel-mating design. The water stress was initiated at the male pre-anthesis stage. Significant genotype*crop seasons (G*CS), genotype*water condition (G*WC), and genotype*crop seasons*water condition (G*CS*WC) interactions were present. Regardless of CS and WC, non-additive effects controlled grain yield (GY), grain number per row (GN), ear length and diameter (ED), and 100-grain weight, while additive effects were present for popping expansion (PE). For each CS, regardless of WC, the cause-effect of GN (2018) and ED (2020) on GY seems to be an opportunity for indirect selection. Utilizing genetically broad-based hybrids is also a good opportunity for obtaining superior genotypes for GY and PE as it is possible to select inbred lines for both of these traits. We recommend the L76 × L61 hybrid for the Brazilian agribusiness context due to its greater productivity and dominance deviations.
Gabrielle Sousa Mafra, Janeo Eustáquio de Almeida Filho, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Carlos Maldonado, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Valter Jário de Lima, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Jhean Torres Leite, Pedro Henrique Araujo Diniz Santos, Talles de Oliveira Santos,et al.
MDPI AG
The method of regional heritability mapping (RHM) has become an important tool in the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling traits of interest in plants. Here, RHM was first applied in a breeding population of popcorn, to identify the QTLs and candidate genes involved in grain yield, plant height, kernel popping expansion, and first ear height, as well as determining the heritability of each significant genomic region. The study population consisted of 98 S1 families derived from the 9th recurrent selection cycle (C-9) of the open-pollinated variety UENF-14, which were genetically evaluated in two environments (ENV1 and ENV2). Seventeen and five genomic regions were mapped by the RHM method in ENV1 and ENV2, respectively. Subsequent genome-wide analysis based on the reference genome B73 revealed associations with forty-six candidate genes within these genomic regions, some of them are considered to be biologically important due to the proteins that they encode. The results obtained by the RHM method have the potential to contribute to knowledge on the genetic architecture of the growth and yield traits of popcorn, which might be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior, Valter Jário de Lima, Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt, Jhean Torres Leite, Valdinei Cruz Azeredo, Letícia Peixoto Gomes, José Gabriel de Souza Silva, Carolina Macedo Carvalho,et al.
MDPI AG
The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.
Jhean Torres Leite, Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Valter Jário de Lima, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Kátia Fabiane Mereiros Schmitt, Yure Pequeno de Souza, Talles de Oliveira Santos, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Gabrielle Sousa Mafra,et al.
MDPI AG
To ensure genetic gains in popcorn breeding programs carried out under drought conditions knowledge about the response of morphophysiological traits of plants to water stress for the selection of key traits is required. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate popcorn inbred lines with agronomically efficient (P2 and P3) and inefficient (L61 and L63) water use and two hybrids (P2xL61 and P3xL63) derived from these contrasting parents, cultivated under two water regimes (WW watered—WW; and water-stressed—WS) in a greenhouse, replicated five times, where each experimental unit consisted of one plant in a PVC tube. Irrigation was applied until stage V6 and suspended thereafter. Individual and combined analyses of variance were performed and the genotypic correlations and relative heteroses estimated. The water use efficient inbred lines were superior in root length (RL), root dry weight (RDW), and net CO2 assimilation rate (A), which were the characteristics that differentiated the studied genotypes most clearly. High heterosis estimates were observed for RL, SDW, leaf width (LW), leaf midrib length (LL), and agronomic water use efficiency (AWUE). The existence of a synergistic association between root angle and length for the characteristics A, stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll concentration (SPAD index) proved most important for the identification and phenotyping of superior genotypes. Based on the study of these characteristics, the higher AWUE of the previously selected inbred lines could be explained. The results reinforced the importance of root physiological and morphological traits to explain AWUE and the possibility of advances by exploiting heterosis, given the morphophysiological superiority of hybrids in relation to parents.
Valter Jário de Lima, Adrian Gracia-Romero, Fatima Zahra Rezzouk, Maria Carmen Diez-Fraile, Ismael Araus-Gonzalez, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior, Shawn C. Kefauver, Nieves Aparicio, and Jose Luis Araus
Frontiers Media SA
Understanding the interaction between genotype performance and the target environment is the key to improving genetic gain, particularly in the context of climate change. Wheat production is seriously compromised in agricultural regions affected by water and heat stress, such as the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, wheat production may be also limited by the nitrogen availability in the soil. We have sought to dissect the agronomic and physiological traits related to the performance of 12 high-yield European bread wheat varieties under Mediterranean rainfed conditions and different levels of N fertilization during two contrasting crop seasons. Grain yield was more than two times higher in the first season than the second season and was associated with much greater rainfall and lower temperatures. However, the nitrogen effect was rather minor. Genotypic effects existed for the two seasons. While several of the varieties from central/northern Europe yielded more than those from southern Europe during the optimal season, the opposite trend occurred in the dry season. The varieties from central/northern Europe were associated with delayed phenology and a longer crop cycle, while the varieties from southern Europe were characterized by a shorter crop cycle but comparatively higher duration of the reproductive period, associated with an earlier beginning of stem elongation and a greater number of ears per area. However, some of the cultivars from northern Europe maintained a relatively high yield capacity in both seasons. Thus, KWS Siskin from the UK exhibited intermediate phenology, resulting in a relatively long reproductive period, together with a high green area throughout the crop cycle.
Talles de Oliveira Santos, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo, Valter Jário de Lima, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Jhean Torres Leite, Divino Rosa dos Santos Júnior, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz Santos, Uéliton Alves de Oliveira, Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt,et al.
MDPI AG
Drought is a common abiotic stress in tropical and subtropical regions that limits the growth and development of agricultural crops, mainly impacting grain yield. Acting through plant breeding is the most viable alternative for obtaining genotypes more tolerant of environments with stress. This work aims to select popcorn genotypes for environments with drought and to identify discriminating traits for the evaluation of drought tolerance in popcorn germplasm. Fifteen Latin American populations of popcorn were evaluated in water stress (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. The evaluated traits were based in morpho-agronomic, physiological and radicular descriptors. Data were submitted to individual and joint ANOVA and GT Biplot analysis. Variability was detected between populations for all traits in both conditions. The drought caused a reduction of 30.61% and 3.5% in grain yield and popping expansion, respectively. Based in GT biplot analysis, 880POP was the most stable in WS and WW, being indicated as a promising population for cultivation in environments with water limitation. This study is going to allow the establishment of a collection of great importance to maize germplasm and to provide information to facilitate the process of selection in breeding programs focused on drought tolerance.
Alessandra Guedes Baleroni, Andressa Pelozo, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, José Walter Pedroza Carneiro, Robson Marcelo Rossi, and Carlos Alberto Scapim
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
The seedling traits is a simple and non-destructive methodology used to identify haploids/diploids in maize. This study aimed at establishing an optimal germination temperature to evaluate this methodology and verify its effectiveness. Haploid and diploid seeds, obtained from crosses with the haploidy inducer TAIL9, were classified using the R1-Navajo marker and placed to germinated in growth chambers maintained at different temperatures. After 96 h, radicle and coleoptile lengths and the number of lateral seminal roots were determined. Cut-off points for these traits were established using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and a new haploid/diploid classification was performed and compared to the plant phenotype (gold standard) to obtain false discovery rates and false negative rates. The seedling traits methodology successfully differentiated haploids and diploids, proving to be effective in eliminating false positives, selected by the R1-Navajo marker. The temperature of 30 °C was established as the optimal germination temperature for this study.
Valter Jário de Lima, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Adriano dos Santos, Katia Fabiane Medeiros Schmidt, Valdinei Cruz Azeredo, Jhean Torres Leite, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Talles de Oliveira Santos, Rosimeire Barboza Bispo,et al.
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
The UENF WS01 is a hybrid that has an early cycle and high grain yield capacity under low water and nitrogen availability. It maintains popping expansion even under abiotic stress, thus being recommended for cultivation in the North and Northwest of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Bruna Dias Gomes Brilhante, Talles de Oliveira Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz Santos, Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, José Dias Souza Neto, Leandro Heitor Rangel, Fernanda Vargas Valadares, Rafael Nunes de Almeida, Rosana Rodrigues, Alexandre Cristiano Santos Júnior,et al.
MDPI AG
Population growth and the high demand for food production has caused environmental degradation losses in biodiversity. The conservation of genetic resources is the most appropriate strategy for maintaining the variability of species of great importance, such as Capsicum. In this study, we describe the characterization of 69 pepper accessions of four Capsicum species from different regions of Brazil on the basis of qualitative and quantitative descriptors and ISSR markers. The 11 quantitative descriptors grouped the 69 populations into five clades. The fruit traits had the greater discrimination power. A strong correlation was detected between some pairs of quantitative descriptors: petiole and fruit length, fruit diameter and fresh fruit mass, leaf length and leaf width, canopy and plant height, stem diameter and plant height, stem diameter and canopy diameter. A negative correlation was also observed between plant height and pericarp thickness. Moreover, the molecular analysis grouped accessions into five clades. The morpho-agronomic and molecular characterization were efficient to estimate the genetic diversity between accessions, being important tools for the knowledge and use of accessions. This study is of great importance to preserve pepper germplasm and to provide data to facilitate the process of the selection in breeding programs.
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior, Valter Jário de Lima, Jhean Torres Leite, Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt, Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior, Juliana Saltires Santos, Fábio Tomaz de Oliveira, Caio Cézar Guedes Corrêa,et al.
MDPI AG
Getting around the damage caused by drought is a worldwide challenge, particularly in Brazil, given that economy is based on agricultural activities, including popcorn growing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate popcorn inbred lines under water stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions regarding agronomic attributes, root morphology, and leaf “greenness” index (SPAD index), besides investigating the viability of indirect selection by canonical correlations (CC) of grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE). Seven agronomic, six morphological root traits were evaluated and SPAD index at five different dates during grain filling. The WS (−29% less water than WW) affected significantly the GY (−55%), PE (−28%), increased the brace and crown root density, and more vertically oriented the brace and crown angles. Higher SPAD index is associated with a higher yield, and these measures were the only ones with no significant genotype × water condition interaction, which may render concomitant selection for WS and WW easier. For associating the corrections of the different traits, CC proved to have better potential than simple correlations. Thus, the evaluation of SPAD index at 29 days after the anthesis showed the best CC, and based on the previous results of SPAD index, may be used regardless of the water condition.