Investigation on flux design & their effect on the mechanical properties of the SAW of Duplex Stainless Steel-2205 Deepak Gupta, Amit Bansal, Sandeep Jindal Physica Scripta, 2025 The SAW fluxes for Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS)-2205 are not easily available. Generally, the available flux configuration is suitable for different grades of stainless steel but not suitable for the DSS. The current research aims to formulate the flux for DSS-2205 by varying the different flux ingredients and to investigate the impact of linear flux ingredients and their binary mixture effect on the mechanical characteristics of the butt joining of DSS-2205. The technique of extreme vertices design suggested by McLean and Anderson is employed to develop twenty-one fluxes. The effect of twenty-one flux ingredients was analyzed on the fabricated weldment’s characteristics such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), percentage elongation, impact strength, and microhardness. In this research, a mathematical model has been developed for UTS, percentage elongation, impact strength and microhardness of weld specimens in terms of the flux ingredients. It is found from the experiments that the tensile strength and percentage elongation of weldments is increased by the flux ingredients such as silica (SiO2) and magnesium-oxide (MgO), while the alumina (Al2O3) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) has decreasing effect on UTS. Impact strength is found to be decreased by the linear effect of Al2O3. Excluding CaF2, all the linear flux ingredients have an increasing effect on the microhardness of the weld metal. Increased binary effect of Al2O3.CaF2, Al2O3.MgO, and MgO.CaF2 flux ingredients are found on the UTS, percentage elongation, impact strength and microhardness of the weldment. For the adequacy of the developed regression model, analysis of variance (F-statistics) is used for all the regression equations.
Optimization of recycled slag-fresh flux mixture based upon weld bead quality for submerged arc welding of stainless steel Sandeep Jindal, Harpreet Singh Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2021 Submerged arc welding (SAW) has been performed using slag-fresh flux mixture on duplex stainless steel plates. Experiments were performed by recycled slag-fresh flux mixtures with iron powder; iron powder is mixed to maintain and enhance the weld strength. The effect of composition variation of slag-fresh flux mixture on weld bead geometry parameters have been investigated quantitatively. Weld bead characteristics viz. bead width; bead height; penetration area; reinforcement area, form factor and dilution were observed by metallography operations for each experiment. For varying the composition of slag-fresh flux mixture, mixture design technique; Scheffe Quadratic Model (SQM) was used. Empirical relations were developed for weld bead characteristics in terms of fresh flux, slag and iron powder and statistically checked for significance. Finally, recycled slag-fresh flux composition was optimized using desirability approach.
Prediction of element transfer due to flux and optimization of chemical composition and mechanical properties in high-strength low-alloy steel weld Sandeep Jindal, Rahul Chhibber, Narinder P Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2015 The transfer of elements C, Si, Mn, P and S from slag into the weld metal or from weld metal into the slag and microhardness has been studied using formulated fluxes. The fluxes have been formulated using extreme vertices design with an aim to develop mathematical models for change in element content and mechanical properties versus flux constituents for submerged arc welding of high-strength low-alloy steel. It is found that CaO is the most significant flux constituent and Al2O3 is the second most significant constituent among individual mixtures. CaO·MgO and CaO·Al2O3 among binary mixtures have significant effect on element transfer and microhardness. Developed mathematical models have been checked for adequacy using t-test and analysis of variance (F-test). Flux mixtures’ composition has been provided for optimum chemical composition and mechanical properties. One of the optimum flux mixture with composition, CaO 11.61, Al2O3 12.33, CaF2 15.00 and MgO 39.06, would be providing desirable chemical composition and mechanical properties.
Modeling flux chemistry for submerged arc weldments of high-strength low-alloy steel Sandeep Jindal, Rahul Chhibber, Narinder P Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2014 Chemical and mechanical properties of the welded joint are greatly affected by flux composition. The resulting chemical compositions of C, Si, Mn, P and S in the weld metal have been studied using formulated fluxes. The constrained mixture design, extreme vertices design, has been used to formulate fluxes to study the effect of flux constituents. Regression models were developed for weld metal content in terms of individual flux constituents and their binary mixtures for submerged arc welding of high-strength low-alloy steel. From the results, it is found that CaF2 is the most significant flux constituent and Al2O3 is the second most significant constituent among individual mixtures. CaO–MgO and CaO–Al2O3 binary mixtures are the most effective to change weld metal content. Regression mathematical models have been checked for adequacy using t-test and analysis of variance (F-test). Flux mixtures’ composition has been provided for optimum chemical composition of weld metal.
Effect of welding parameters on bead profile, microhardness and H 2 content in submerged arc welding of high-strength low-alloy steel Sandeep Jindal, Rahul Chhibber, Narinder P Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2014 In oil and gas industries, submerged arc welding is the only primarily used process to weld high thickness, large distance structural oil pipes. Welding process parameters play a significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint in submerged arc welding. In the present work, an attempt has been made to optimize the weld bead parameters: weld bead form factor, dilution, microhardness and diffusible hydrogen content for welding of structural pipe steel (API 5L X65 grade) by desirability function approach used by Derringer and Harrington. For design of experiments, response surface methodology had been used. Mathematical models for output responses had been developed in terms of welding parameters and checked for adequacy using t-test and analysis of variance (F-test). It was found that welding current was the most significant parameter controlling all the responses, and arc voltage had increasing effect on all the responses except microhardness.
Analysis and prediction of mechanical properties of FSW dissimilar welds of aviation grade aluminium alloys S Kumar, A Saini, S Jindal Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1-16 , 2025 2025
A review on effect of process parameters on submerged arc weldment J Chauhan, S Jindal AIP Conference Proceedings 3342 (1), 020015 , 2025 2025
Investigation on flux design & their effect on the mechanical properties of the SAW of Duplex Stainless Steel-2205 D Gupta, A Bansal, S Jindal Physica Scripta 100 (2), 025244 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Influence of SAW flux ingredients on chemical compositions of weldments of duplex steel-2205 D Gupta, A Bansal, S Jindal Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 77 (9), 2887-2899 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Effect of fluxes in submerged arc welding for steel: a review D Gupta, A Bansal, S Jindal Materials Today: Proceedings , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
Effect and optimization of welding parameters and flux baking on weld bead properties and tensile strength in submerged arc welding of HSLA 100 steel S Jindal, M Singh, J Chauhan Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 77 (3), 747-766 , 2024 2024 Citations: 34
Duplex stainless Steel-2205; a short review of alloy addition and welding behavior D Gupta, A Bansal, S Jindal International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 14, 113-9 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Enhancing composite material fabrication through optimization: employing fruit Peel or Shell powder as reinforcements using Taguchi-GRA-PCA methodology A Kumar, S Kumar, S Jindal Transdisciplinary Research and Education Center for Green Technologies … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
A brief review on pre-and post-weld treatment of various grades of aluminium alloys S Kumar, A Saini, S Jindal, S Singh Materials Today: Proceedings , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Optimization of recycled slag-fresh flux mixture based upon weld bead quality for submerged arc welding of stainless steel S Jindal, H Singh Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 30 (1), 9-18 , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
Numerical Analysis of Soil-Water Flow in Fixed Horizontal Pipe M Singh, S Jindal, A Gupta, V Chahal Journal]//International journal of theoretical and applied mechanics ISSN … , 2017 2017 Citations: 2
Modeling of bead geometry parameters in submerged arc welding of austenitic and duplex stainless steels S Jindal, A Gupta, M Singh, V Chahal Int J Theor Appl Mech 12 (2), 319-329 , 2017 2017 Citations: 5
Evaluation and selection of lot sizing techniques using SAW approach for Indian automobile industries A Gupta, M Singha, S Jindal Int J Theor Appl Mech 12 (2), 311-318 , 2017 2017 Citations: 7
Portal Vein Diameter as a Single Parameter in Diagnosing Esophageal Varices-A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience A Paul, SB Kumar, Y Garg, S Jindal Chettinad Health City, 171 , 2016 2016
Terlipressin induced ventricular tachycardia Y Garg, B Kumar, A Paul, S Jindal Chettinad Health City Med J 5 (2), 94-5 , 2016 2016 Citations: 2
Determination of Weld Bead Geometry Parameters for Submerged Arc Welding of API 5l X65 H Singh, S Jindal, D Gupta AFTMME’16, 75 , 2016 2016
Prediction of element transfer due to flux and optimization of chemical composition and mechanical properties in high-strength low-alloy steel weld S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of … , 2015 2015 Citations: 19
Modeling flux chemistry for submerged arc weldments of high-strength low-alloy steel S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of … , 2014 2014 Citations: 27
Development of Submerged Arc Welding Fluxes for Welding of Structural Steels S Jindal Mullana-Ambala , 2014 2014 Citations: 4
Optimization of process parameters of gas metal arc welding by Taguchi’s experimental design method D Kumar, S Jindal International Journal of Surface Engineering & Materials Technology 4 (1), 24-27 , 2014 2014 Citations: 26
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Issues in welding of HSLA steels S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Advanced Materials Research 365, 44-49 , 2011 2011 Citations: 54
Investigation on flux design for submerged arc welding of high-strength low-alloy steel S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of … , 2013 2013 Citations: 51
Effect of welding parameters on bead profile, microhardness and H 2 content in submerged arc welding of high-strength low-alloy steel S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of … , 2014 2014 Citations: 45
Effect and optimization of welding parameters and flux baking on weld bead properties and tensile strength in submerged arc welding of HSLA 100 steel S Jindal, M Singh, J Chauhan Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 77 (3), 747-766 , 2024 2024 Citations: 34
Modeling flux chemistry for submerged arc weldments of high-strength low-alloy steel S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of … , 2014 2014 Citations: 27
Optimization of process parameters of gas metal arc welding by Taguchi’s experimental design method D Kumar, S Jindal International Journal of Surface Engineering & Materials Technology 4 (1), 24-27 , 2014 2014 Citations: 26
To study the effect of welding parameters on weld bead geometry in SAW welding process DK Choudhary, S Jindal, NP Mehta Elixir Mech. Engg 40, 5519-5524 , 2011 2011 Citations: 22
Prediction of element transfer due to flux and optimization of chemical composition and mechanical properties in high-strength low-alloy steel weld S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of … , 2015 2015 Citations: 19
Effect of flux constituents and basicity index on mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of submerged arc welded high strength low alloy steel S Jindal, R Chhibber, NP Mehta Materials Science Forum 738, 242-246 , 2013 2013 Citations: 18
Design and Development of Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding of HSLA Steel SJ Rahul Chhibber, N P Mehta, Pardeep Kumar International Journal of Surface Engineering & Materials Technology 3 (2 … , 2013 2013 Citations: 12
Determination of flux consumption in submerged arc welding by the effect of welding parameters by using RSM techniques SJ Krishankant, SK Shekhar Global J. Res. Eng. Mech. Mech. Eng 12 (2), 21-24 , 2012 2012 Citations: 12
Effect of fluxes in submerged arc welding for steel: a review D Gupta, A Bansal, S Jindal Materials Today: Proceedings , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
A brief review on pre-and post-weld treatment of various grades of aluminium alloys S Kumar, A Saini, S Jindal, S Singh Materials Today: Proceedings , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Evaluation and selection of lot sizing techniques using SAW approach for Indian automobile industries A Gupta, M Singha, S Jindal Int J Theor Appl Mech 12 (2), 311-318 , 2017 2017 Citations: 7
Effect of SAW parameters on weld element transfer in SS316 Karun, S Jindal International Journal of Engineering Science and Metallurgy 1, 213-218 , 2011 2011 Citations: 6
Optimization of recycled slag-fresh flux mixture based upon weld bead quality for submerged arc welding of stainless steel S Jindal, H Singh Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 30 (1), 9-18 , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
Modeling of bead geometry parameters in submerged arc welding of austenitic and duplex stainless steels S Jindal, A Gupta, M Singh, V Chahal Int J Theor Appl Mech 12 (2), 319-329 , 2017 2017 Citations: 5
Influence of SAW flux ingredients on chemical compositions of weldments of duplex steel-2205 D Gupta, A Bansal, S Jindal Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 77 (9), 2887-2899 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Enhancing composite material fabrication through optimization: employing fruit Peel or Shell powder as reinforcements using Taguchi-GRA-PCA methodology A Kumar, S Kumar, S Jindal Transdisciplinary Research and Education Center for Green Technologies … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Development of Submerged Arc Welding Fluxes for Welding of Structural Steels S Jindal Mullana-Ambala , 2014 2014 Citations: 4
