Juan Antonio Perez Sato
@colpos.mx
Campus Cordoba
COLPOS
EDUCATION
University of Sheffield
Colegio de Postgraduados
Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Natalia Real-Luna, Jaime Ernesto Rivera-Hernández, Graciela Alcántara-Salinas, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, Edgardo Zalazar-Marcial, Miguel Ignacio Delgado-Blancas, and Amauri Díaz-Solís
Colegio de Postgraduados
Pollinators depend on the melliferous flora for food, in return, flowers are pollinated, which contributes for the maintenance of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity, increasing food production and ensuring food security. This research aims to provide an inventory of melliferous flora and its annual availability in Cervantes y Lozada, Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. During 26 months, the plants interacting with bees were collected on defined rural roads; we also documented the resource provided by the flowers (pollen, honey, etc.), their origin (native or exotic), life form and flowering periods. From 122 collections, 76 melliferous species were inventoried, grouped in 74 genera and 35 botanical families, being Asteraceae (25 %) the family with more species, followed by Malvaceae (9.21 %) and Lamiaceae (7.89 %); 67.11 % are polliniferous, 7.86 % nectariferous, and 25 % provide both; 82.89 % are native and 17.11 % exotic; 15.79 % are trees, 28.95 % shrubs and 55.26 % herbs. Seven species provided resources for bees all year round, two for 10 months and the rest for shorter periods. The flora species that were inventoried have different uses, so it is important to protect and promote the sustainable management of the melliferous flora, which is essential for the conservation of the pollination service, which in turn is essential for agriculture and ecosystems, in addition to protecting species of social, ecological, and economic importance.
Graciela Alcántara-Salinas, Eugene S. Hunn, María Elena Ibáñez-Bravo, Elda Miriam Aldasoro-Maya, Noé Flores-Hernández, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, Natalia Real-Luna, Rafael Arturo Muñoz-Márquez Trujillo, Diana Lope-Alzina, and Jaime Ernesto Rivera-Hernández
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background We summarize comparative ethnoornithological data for ten Mexican Indigenous communities, an initial step towards a comprehensive archive of the avian diversity conserved within Mexico’s Indigenous territories. We do so by counting highlighted species listed for bird conservation status on widely recognized “red lists” and their cultural value to build biocultural policies in Mexico for their conservation. Methods Indigenous bird names for each study site were determined to allow calculation of the “Scientific Species Recognition Ratio” (SSRR) for high cultural value birds obtained across communities. This demonstrated patterns of cultural prominence. A matrix of 1275 bird versus seven biocultural values was analysed using a correspondence analysis (InfoStat/L-v2020) to illustrate patterns of concordance between bird conservation status and cultural values. Results This paper contributes to quantitative and qualitative data on the role of ethnoornithology and ethnobiology in biocultural conservation. The areas studied provide refugia for almost 70% of the Mexican avifauna within a fraction of 1% of the national territory, that is 769 bird species recorded for all communities. The global correspondence of regions of biological and linguistic megadiversity is well established, while linguistic diversity is widely accepted as a good proxy for general cultural diversity. Our correspondence analysis explained 81.55% of the variation, indicating a strong relation between cultural importance and bird conservation status. We propose three main categories to establish a bioculturally informed public policy in Mexico for the conservation of what we described as high, medium, and bioculturally prominent bird species all include cultural value in any material or symbolic aspect. High are those species appearing on any threatened list, but also considered in any endemic status, while medium include threatened listed species. The last category included species not necessarily listed on any threat list, but with a wide range of social and cultural uses. We suggest that the concept might be extended to other species of biocultural importance. Conclusions We argue that bird conservation policies should be biocultural, that is they should recognize birds of cultural value on a par with bird species “of special interest” because they are most critical for biodiversity conservation. The desire of local people to protect their traditional community lands and livelihoods can be an effective biodiversity conservation strategy, which should be recognized in national biocultural policies.
Flor Y. Solís-Zanotelli, O. Baltazar-Bernal, Nicacio Cruz-Huerta, Juan V. Hidalgo-Contreras, and Juan A. Pérez-Sato
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
José Luis Spinoso-Castillo, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, Sandra Silvana Schettino-Salomón, and Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Natalia Real-Luna, Jaime Ernesto Rivera-Hernández, Graciela Alcántara-Salinas, Geovanna Rojas-Malavasi, Ana Paulina Morales-Vargas, and Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agricolas
Los meliponinos son importantes polinizadores de plantas silvestres y cultivadas en América Latina. Además, estas abejas tienen características de un bioindicador, información necesaria para desarrollar estrategias de conservación y manejo sostenible para las especies de importancia cultural, ecológica y económica. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las especies de meliponinos que polinizan los agroecosistemas en América Latina y su uso como bioindicadores, lo cual servirá para implementar estrategias en la conservación y manejo sostenible de estas abejas. En esta investigación se emplearon fuentes de información relacionados con los meliponinos presentes en América Latina, cultivos que polinizan y la utilización de estas abejas sin aguijón como bioindicadores. Se registraron 46 cultivos polinizados por meliponinos en ocho países, en donde se registraron 17 géneros y 54 especies, resultando Brasil donde se tiene mayor registro con 33 cultivos. Los meliponinos contribuyen directamente con la polinización de los agroecosistemas, mejorando el rendimiento y la calidad, por lo cual es importante establecer estrategias de conservación de estas abejas, tales como mantener parches florales que sirvan de alimento durante todo el año. Es necesaria la protección de las abejas sin aguijón por la importancia que tienen en el servicio de polinización; sin embargo, también es necesario realizar investigación sobre su biología y sobre su utilización en invernaderos, además de su utilidad como bioindicadores.
Eucario Mancilla-Álvarez, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, Rosalía Núñez-Pastrana, José L. Spinoso-Castillo, and Jericó J. Bello-Bello
MDPI AG
Taro is important for its nutritional content, medicinal use, and bioethanol production. The aim of the present study was to compare different semi-automated bioreactors (SABs) during in vitro multiplication of C. esculenta. The SABs used were temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs), SETIS™ bioreactors and ebb-and-flow bioreactors; semi-solid culture medium was used as a control treatment. At 30 d of culture, different developmental variables, determination of chlorophyll, stomatal content, and survival percentage during acclimatization were evaluated. SABs increased the shoot multiplication rate relative to the semi-solid medium; however, the SETIS™ bioreactor showed the highest shoot production, with 36 shoots per explant, and the highest chlorophyll content. The stomatal index was higher in the semi-solid medium compared to the SABs, while the percentage of closed stomata was higher in the SABs than in the semi-solid culture medium. The survival rate during acclimatization showed no differences among the culture systems assessed, obtaining survival rates higher than 99%. In conclusion, the SETIS™ bioreactor showed the highest multiplication rate; however, other bioreactor alternatives are available for semi-automation and cost reduction for micropropagation of C. esculenta.
Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, Hugo Rodolfo Salazar-Vargas, Juan Valente Hidalgo-Contreras, Natalia Real-Luna, Héctor Debernardi-De La Vequia, and Roberto De La Rosa-Santamaría
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias
La división artificial de colonias de abejas S. mexicana es una actividad en la meliponicultura, en donde se reporta la mayor pérdida de colonias. Entre las diversas causas de dicha mortalidad destaca la dificultad de la nueva colonia por mantener la termorregulación de su nido, ya que tradicionalmente se utilizan vasijas de barro en cuyo caso es más difícil mantener una temperatura estable. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las interacciones entre modelo de caja, su material de construcción y el recubrimiento de los panales de cría; en la temperatura interna del nido y el desarrollo de colonias obtenidas por división artificial. Se cuantificó el desarrollo de éstas mediante su ganancia de peso final e inicial, y el número de celdas construidas, actividad de la colonia y capacidad del diseño en mantener la temperatura interna del nido. Los resultados muestran que los mejores rangos de temperatura interna se lograron en nidos transferidos a cajas racionales modelo Portugal-Araujo (P<0.05) y Ailton-Fontana (P<0.05) cuyos diseños originales fueron modificados al incluir láminas de poliestireno expandible. Además, la temperatura y desarrollo de la colonia se vio favorecida cuando los panales recién transferidos fueron recubiertos con un molde elaborado de cera de abeja Apis mellifera L. La interacción positiva entre estos factores permitió proporcionar un rango de temperatura óptimo (27.9 a 31.0 °C) para el desarrollo de las colonias, las cuales obtuvieron ganancia de peso entre 0.149 a 0.289 kg y del número de celdas construidas entre 3,511 a 4,956 celdas de cría.
Victorino Morales‐Ramos, Esteban Escamilla‐Prado, Ricardo Abimael Ruiz‐Carbajal, Juan Antonio Pérez‐Sato, Juan Alberto Velázquez‐Morales, and Roselia Servín‐Juárez
Wiley
BACKGROUND
The relationships between soil and coffee beans variables were evaluated and then the influence of bean composition on cup quality attributes was computed by means of relation studies. A total of 139 coffee and soil samples were collected directly from the same number of coffee plantations in Chiapas, Mexico.
RESULTS
In the elemental composition, only phosphorus, potassium, calcium and cupper in coffee beans, had a significant (P < 0.05) relationship with the content of the same elements in soil. The level of macro and microelements in the coffee bean affected some of the cup quality attributes, but variables such as texture, titratable acidity and pH-water in soil had a major influence on those attributes. Caffeine, trigonelline and 5-caffeoylquinic acid in green coffee beans also had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the sensory attributes of the beverage.
CONCLUSION
The elemental composition of soil and coffee beans was important explaining the cup quality attributes, but the most important variables influencing the sensory quality of coffee were altitude of plantations and moisture of coffee beans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Eduardo Martínez-Estrada, Bartolo Islas-Luna, José Antonio Pérez-Sato, and Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello
Elsevier BV
Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, and Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
Informa UK Limited
Abstract Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element for plants due to the far-reaching benefits it confers, including enhanced growth, yield, and crop quality, as well as stress resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Si during germination and initial growth (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM Si) and during vegetative growth (0, 1, 2, or 3 mM Si) in rice (Oryza sativa) cv. Morelos A-98. Si did not affect germination but stimulated seedling height, root length, number of roots, as well as fresh and dry biomass weight of shoots and roots during initial growth. During vegetative growth, the application of 3 mM Si significantly increased the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio, but no major changes were observed either in growth or in concentrations of most nutrients, with the exception of Ca (which increased with 3 mM Si), and B and Zn (which decreased in the presence of Si). In conclusion, applying Si had positive effects during the initial stage of growth, increasing seedling height, root length, root number, and fresh and dry biomass weight. Under our experimental conditions, Si did not affect germination and vegetative growth, but increased Ca concentrations and decreased B and Zn concentrations.
Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez, J. Cruz García-Albarado, David Méndez-Urbano, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, and Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
Informa UK Limited
Abstract We analyzed the effect of substrate mixtures containing vermicompost (VC), tezontle (TZ), and pine bark (PB) in the following percentage proportions (v/v): T1: 00VC-20TZ-80PB; T2: 10VC-20TZ-70PB; T3: 20VC-20TZ-60PB; T4: 30VC-20TZ-50PB, plus two reference controls identified as T5: peat-moss (100%; PM) and T6: tree branch (TB) on growth and nitrogen concentration of Tillandsia flavobracteata and T. limbata. Tillandsia flavobracteata displayed the greatest height in T6 and T4, while the greatest height for T. limbata was obtained in T3. In T. flavobracteata the greatest number of leaves was obtained in T1, whereas in T. limbata no significant differences were found. Nitrogen was higher in T. limbata, especially when grown in T1 and T6. We were able to demonstrate that both Tillandsia species can grow and produce healthy plants under our experimental conditions, while the tested substrates differentially affected growth and nitrogen concentration in each species.
Adriana Contreras-Oliva, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Luz Anel López-Garay, Rogel Villanueva-Gutiérrez, María Magdalena Crosby-Galván, and Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
Springer International Publishing
The stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana is distributed from Mexico to Costa Rica. In Mexico, this species is often found in wet lowlands but more commonly in forests not higher than 1000 m in the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Hidalgo, Puebla, State of Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. This bee commonly nests in tree cavities and is kept in wood or ceramic clay hives by traditional stingless beekeepers. Pot-pollen from three hives managed in central Veracruz, Mexico, at Canada Blanca, Manuel Leon, and Fortin de las Flores was analyzed in duplicates. Chemical parameters including ash, proteins, electrical conductivity, pH, phosphorus, and potassium were similar among pot-pollen samples, whereas the highest water and total soluble sugars were in samples from Fortin de las Flores. The lowest lipid content occurred in Canada Blanca pot-pollen. Although botanical origin of the pot-pollen differed among sites, the number of plant species was nearly the same, with 13 found in Canada Blanca and Fortin de las Flores and 11 at Manuel Leon. Most pollen types belonged to Tiliaceae and Burseraceae in Canada Blanca, Fabaceae and Asteraceae in Manuel Leon, and Solanaceae and Asteraceae in Fortin de las Flores.
Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez, Soledad García-Morales, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, and Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Cerium (Ce) belongs to the rare earth elements (REEs), and although it is not essential for plants, it can stimulate growth and other physiological processes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of Ce on seed germination, initial seedling growth, and vegetative growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Morelos A-98. During the germination process, the seeds were treated with Ce concentrations of 0, 4, 8, and 12 μM; after 5 d, germination percentage was recorded and after 10 d seedling growth was measured. For vegetative growth, a hydroponic system was established where 14-d-old plants without previous Ce treatment were transferred into nutrient solution. After two weeks of acclimatizing, 0, 25, 50, and 100 μM Ce were added to the nutrient solution for 28 d. Ce significantly increased germination and the initial growth variables of the seedlings. During vegetative growth, Ce increased plant height, number of tillers, root volume, and shoot fresh and dry biomass, without affecting root biomass weight. With low Ce concentrations (25 and 50 μM), the concentrations of chlorophylls and amino acids in the shoots were similar to those in the control, like amino acid concentration in the roots at a concentration of 25 μM Ce. Conversely, the concentration of total sugars increased in the shoot with the application of 25, 50, and 100 μM Ce, and in the roots with the application of 50 μM Ce. Also, Ce did not affect the concentration of macro or micronutrients in the shoots. However, in the roots, the high Ce concentration decreased the concentrations of Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn, while the Mg concentration increased. Our results indicate that Ce, at the right concentrations, can function as a biostimulant in rice germination and growth.
Karina Huerta-Vera, Enrique Flores-Andrade, Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato, Victorino Morales-Ramos, Luz Alicia Pascual-Pineda, and Adriana Contreras-Oliva
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The aim of this study was to use the process of osmotic dehydration to enrich banana slices with Lactobacillus rhamnosus encapsulated in a double emulsion. The effect of a pulsed vacuum and the concentration of the osmotic solution on the impregnation of the microorganism and on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of the fruit were assessed. The kinetics of the water loss (WL), solid gain (SG) and water activity (aw) were obtained using an aqueous solution with 40, 50 and 60% sucrose with emulsion and a vacuum pulse of 50 mbar for 10 and 20 min at the beginning of the osmotic process. The high concentrations of sucrose in the osmotic solution, combined with the application of a pulsed vacuum, produced an increase in the rates of WL and SG of the osmodehydrated banana, as well as a reduction of its aw. L. rhamnosus survived at levels above 107 CFU/g in the hypertonic solution and in the osmodehydrated bananas. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the encapsulated probiotic adheres to the banana’s surface, which demonstrates that double emulsions can be used to impregnate probiotics in vegetal tissues.
J. L. Spinoso-Castillo, R. A. Chavez-Santoscoy, Nina Bogdanchikova, J. A. Pérez-Sato, V. Morales-Ramos, and J. J. Bello-Bello
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
JULIA C. JONES, JUAN-ANTONIO PEREZ-SATO, and AXEL MEYER
Wiley
Hybrid speciation may contribute significantly to generating biodiversity, but only a few well‐documented examples for it exist so far that do not involve polyploidization as a mechanism. The swordtail fish, Xiphophorus clemenciae, shows common hallmarks of a hybrid origin and still overlaps in its current geographic distribution with its putative ancestral species (Xiphophorus hellerii and Xiphophorus maculatus). Xiphophorus clemenciae provides an ideal system for investigating the possible continued genetic interactions between a hybrid and its parental species. Here, we use microsatellite and mitochondrial markers to investigate the population structure of these species of swordtails and search for signs of recent hybridization. Individuals were sampled from 21 localities across the known range of X. clemenciae– the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT) Mexico, and several environmental parameters that might represent barriers to dispersal were recorded. The hybridization event that gave rise to X. clemenciae appears to be rather ancient, and a single origin is likely. We find negligible evidence for ongoing hybridization and introgression between the putative ancestral species, because they now occupy distinct ecological niches, and a common haplotype is shared by most populations of X. clemenciae. The population structure within these species shows an isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) pattern and genetic differentiation between most populations is significant and high. We infer that tectonic evolution in the Isthmus has greatly restricted gene flow between the southern and central IT populations of X. clemenciae and X. helleriii and provide preliminary information to aid in conservation management of this geographically restricted hybrid species, X. clemenciae.
Margaret J. Couvillon, William O.H. Hughes, Juan A. Perez-Sato, Stephen J. Martin, Gabrielle G.F. Roy, and Francis L.W. Ratnieks
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Sexual selection is a dominant force in the evolution of many animals and can be particularly significant in species that mate in aerial swarms characterized by strong male--male competition. However, such mating biology, typical of many social insects, is also quite challenging to study. Here, we investigate sexual selection in the honey bee that has 2 distinct male morphs (normal sized and small). Males mate only once and females return to their nest after mating, making it possible to measure the lifetime fitness of both sexes. We allowed known numbers of normal-sized males from 6 colonies and small males from another 6 colonies to compete for natural matings with experimental virgin queens. We then determined the mating success of males by genotyping the offspring of these queens. Colonies differed by an order of magnitude in the intrinsic mating success of their males, confirming that the reproductive fitness of honey bee colonies is highly variable. Small males achieved approximately half as many matings as expected given their number of flights and, in addition, had a significantly smaller share of paternity per mating than normal-sized males. Interestingly, the flight activity of small males suggested that they may compensate for their lower competitiveness by flying outside the most competitive mating period in the afternoon. The lower fitness of small males shows that sexual selection is strong in honey bees and contributes to inclusive fitness dynamics that favor worker cooperation within their societies. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
J A Pérez-Sato, N Châline, S J Martin, W O H Hughes, and F L W Ratnieks
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Disease is one of the main factors driving both natural and artificial selection. It is a particularly important and increasing threat to the managed honeybee colonies, which are vital in crop pollination. Artificial selection for disease-resistant honeybee genotypes has previously only been carried out at the colony-level, that is, by using queens or males reared from colonies that show resistance. However, honeybee queens mate with many males and so each colony consists of multiple patrilines that will vary in heritable traits, such as disease resistance. Here, we investigate whether response to artificial selection for a key resistance mechanism, hygienic behaviour, can be improved using multi-level selection, that is, by selecting not only among colonies as normal but also among patrilines within colonies. Highly hygienic colonies were identified (between-colony selection), and the specific patrilines within them responsible for most hygienic behaviour were determined using observation hives. Queens reared from these hygienic patrilines (within-colony selection) were identified using DNA microsatellite analysis of a wing-tip tissue sample and then mated to drones from a third highly hygienic colony. The resulting colonies headed by queens from hygienic patrilines showed approximately double the level of hygienic behaviour of colonies headed by sister queens from non-hygienic patrilines. The results show that multi-level selection can significantly improve the success of honeybee breeding programs.
Juan Antonio Perez-Sato, William O.H. Hughes, Margaret J. Couvillon, and Francis L.W. Ratnieks
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The mating flight is the riskiest period in the life of a honeybee queen. A major cause of queen mortality in apiaries may be the drifting of queens to foreign colonies. We investigated the effects of distance between hives, entrance orientation and worker activity on queen drifting. Only 4% of queens drifted in our experiments, all during their maiden orientation flight and all to the closest neighbouring hive. Neither drifting nor the length of time it took queens to relocate their hive was significantly affected by either entrance orientation or distance between hive stands (2 m or 5 m). However, queens took significantly longer to identify their hive and were more likely to drift when the number of workers at the entrance was lower than that at the neighbouring hive. Our results show that drifting can be low even when hives are placed in pairs with only 2 m between pairs, and that worker activity has an important role in guiding returning queens on their maiden orientation flight.ZusammenfassungDer Hochzeitsflug ist der risikoreichste Lebensabschnitt einer Bienenkönigin und Königinnenverluste während des Fluges können erhebliche Auswirkungen auf einen Königinnenzucht-Betrieb haben. Eine der Hauptursachen für Verluste dürfte die „Verdriftung“ von Königinnen in fremde Bienenvölker sein, bedingt durch die unnatürlich hohe Bienendichte an vielen Bienenständen. Wir untersuchten den Einfluss von Abstand zwischen den Bienenkästen, Ausrichtung des Flugloches und Aktivität der Arbeitsbienen auf die Verdriftung von Bienenköniginnen. Die Bienenaktivität wurde relativ zu benachbarten Völkern gemessen, wobei ein- und ausfliegende Königinnen über eine modifizierte Fluglochkonstruktion gefangen wurden. Die Experimente wurden unter typisch imkerlichen Bedingungen durchgeführt mit paarweise aufgestellten Bienenbeuten in Reihenaufstellung. Insgesamt verflogen sich nur 4 % der Königinnen, alle während ihres Jungfernfluges. Weder der Verflug noch die Dauer für das Wiederfinden des eigenen Nestes wurde signifikant durch die Fluglochausrichtung (gleiche bzw. entgegen gesetzte Richtung) oder den Bienenvolkabstand (2 m bzw. 5 m zwischen den Bienenkästen) beeinflusst. Einen signifikanten Effekt hatte allerdings die Anzahl der Arbeiterinnen am Eingang der Bienenbeute. Die Völker, bei denen sich die Königinnen verflogen, hatten signifikant weniger Arbeiterinnen am Nesteingang als die direkt benachbarten Völker. Wenn die Anzahl der Arbeiterinnen geringer war, schwebten die Königinnen auch signifikant länger vor dem Flugloch ihrer Beute, vermutlich weil sie Schwierigkeiten hatten, ihre eigene Beute sicher zu identifizieren. Dies war allerdings nur beim Jungfernflug der Fall, nach mehreren Flügen hatten die Königinnen offensichtlich ihren Neststandort gelernt. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Verflug von Königinnen nicht notwendigerweise ein Problem sein muss, selbst wenn die Bienenkästen eng zusammen und in Reihe mit gleicher Fluglochausrichtung aufgestellt werden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass die Aktivität der Arbeiterinnen eine wichtige Rolle dabei spielt, Königinnen nach ihrem Jungfernflug ins eigene Nest zu lotsen. Daher könnte der Verflug minimiert werden, wenn man am selben Bienenstand Begattungseinheiten mit ähnlich großer Bienenpopulation aufstellt.
J Antonio Perez-Sato, Martin H. Kärcher, William O H Hughes, and Francis L W Ratnieks
Informa UK Limited
Summary We compared the acceptance of virgin and mated queens introduced into queenless hives using either artificial queen cells or direct introduction accompanied by smoke. In Experiment 1, virgin queens aged 3–4 days were introduced into 5-frame hives than had been dequeened 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days previously. Acceptance increased significantly with the length of time a colony had been queenless, and direct introduction gave significantly greater success than artificial queen cells (between 31% and 100% acceptance vs. 8% to 92% for direct and cell introduction respectively, depending on the period of queenlessness). In Experiment 2, virgin and mated queens were introduced into 2-frame observation hives that had been dequeened 1, 2, 3 and 4 days previously. The probability of acceptance was significantly higher for mated queens than virgins, for direct introduction versus artificial queen cells, and for longer queenless periods. Accordingly, the probability of a queen being balled by the workers declined significantly with the duration of the queenless period, and was significantly less for mated versus virgin queens. Finally, in Experiment 3, we introduced mated queens into medium-sized hives (10 medium Langstroth frames) that had been queenless for 2 days using both the direct introduction and artificial cells. All queens were accepted.
Juan Antonio Perez-Sato, William O H Hughes, Margaret J Couvillon, and Francis L W Ratnieks
Informa UK Limited
Summary We compared the acceptance of 4-day old virgin queens introduced into mating nucleus hives using natural and artificial queen cells versus a wooden 3-hole mailing cage, a standard introduction method. The queen cell methods gave high acceptance (95% and 93% for natural and artificial, respectively) even though the queen was released from the queen cell approximately 10 minutes after being introduced into the mating hive. By contrast, success using mailing cages was significantly lower (47% and 73%) when the queen was released from her cage after 1 hour or 48 hours, respectively. The equal success rates of the reused and artificial queen cells suggests that high success is not due to chemicals present in natural queen cells transferring to the queens. To further investigate why queen cells give higher introduction success than cages, we introduced virgin queens into queenless observation hives. Workers attacked only 1 of 12 queens leaving a queen cell whereas 5 out of 6 queens leaving a cage were attacked.
Juan Antonio Pérez-Sato and Francis L.W. Ratnieks
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Three methods of introducing virgin queens into mating hives were compared with the standard method of using a "ripe" queen cell. Virgins were introduced into queenless mating nucleus hives (5-frame medium Langstroth) using a wooden mailing cage with candy and attendant bees and were released three days later. When the caged virgins were 0-1 days old when introduced, the proportion giving rise to an egg-laying queen (65%) was almost as high as with cells (70%) (P = 0.63, test). Success dropped to 55% (P = 0.04) for 3-4 day old virgins. If the virgin was introduced into a queenright mating hive for three additional days before the colony queen was removed the success rate was only 29% (P = 0.001). Across all methods, most queen loss occurred in the introduction/emergence period, with only one third in the mating period. The time taken to start egg laying, which averaged 12.9 days from emergence, did not vary significantly among methods.