Migrant networks, regional development and internal migration flows in Brazil Ana Carolina Borges Marques Ribeiro, Silvio Hong Tiing Tai Economia, 2023 PurposeThis study analyzes the role of migrant networks in the migration flows in relation to the educational level of the migrants and economic growth of the states of origin and destination in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachFixed effects estimator applied to microdata.FindingsThe results show migrant networks have a significant and positive impact on migration flows of the different educational levels. The economic growth in the destination state accentuates this effect, while the economic growth in the origin state has distinct impacts according to the educational level of the new migrant.Originality/valueThe authors investigate the importance of migrant networks in the internal immigration within a developing country with large internal movement of people. In Brazil, the socio-economic condition of the population varies considerably in relation to its geography, which explains the country’s large internal migration flows.
Levels and dimensions of diversity in small businesses: contributions for performance Carla Curado, Silvio H.T. Tai, Mírian Oliveira, Joaquim Miranda Sarmento International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2022 PurposeThe purpose of this study is to propose and test a model on the impact of diversity over performance using a Portuguese national wide comprehensively matched employee–employer dataset of small businesses.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses structural equation modeling to analyze the relationships between variables. The study addresses the impact of top managers and employees' diversity on firm performance considering two dimensions of diversity: knowledge diversity and social diversity.FindingsThe study provides a clear understanding of how workforce diversity affects performance differently at the two hierarchical levels. Both employees' diversities have stronger relations to performance than the diversity of top managers. Results point out to idiosyncratic aspects of services firms' dynamics that should be further explored.Research limitations/implicationsThe study presents some limitations, since it uses data from a single country and the dataset provides limited variables.Practical implicationsThe study offers evidence on the effects of diversity in small businesses alerting managers to acknowledge such influence when recruiting, selecting and training. With regard to services firms, managers should pay close attention to negative impacts of diversity over performance.Originality/valueNever before to the authors' knowledge the managers' level diversity and employees' level diversity (considering two dimensions each) effect on performance have been addressed in a single national wide study.
O IMPACTO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES NO DIFERENCIAL DE SALÁRIOS ENTRE GÊNEROS NO BRASIL Igor Granitoff, Silvio Hong Tiing Tai Economia Aplicada, 2021 Este artigo analisa o impacto das exportações no diferencial de salários entre gêneros no Brasil. Os dados utilizados são detalhados por firma, relativos ao ano de 2013. As evidências apontam que as firmas exportadoras apresentam um diferencial de salários em favor do homem ainda maior do que as companhias voltadas para o mercado interno. As estimações são robustas a diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento dos países de destino. Esses resultados sustentam a hipótese de que a distribuição dos benefícios das exportações nos salários dos funcionários não se manifesta igualmente em países ricos e em países em desenvolvimento.
Individual attitudes towards migration: A re-examination of the evidence Tobias Müller, Silvio Hong Tiing Tai Canadian Journal of Economics, 2020 In the literature about the determinants of attitudes towards immigration, some authors emphasize the role of economic factors, while others argue that attitudes are mostly determined by non‐economic factors. This paper evaluates the relative importance of the two. We estimate a structural model of individual attitudes towards immigration, accounting for unobserved individual factors, and use this model to carry out a decomposition analysis of attitudes in 20 European countries. We find that economic mechanisms are significant determinants of attitudes, but that other (non‐economic) factors play a more decisive role in the relation between individual education levels and attitudes to immigration.Résumé.Attitudes individuelles face à l’immigration : réexamen de l’évidence empirique. Dans la littérature portant sur les facteurs qui déterminent les attitudes face à l’immigration, certains auteurs soulignent le rôle des facteurs économiques tandis que d’autres affirment que ces attitudes sont principalement déterminées par d’autres facteurs. Cet article évalue l’importance relative de ces deux approches. Nous estimons un modèle structurel qui explique les attitudes individuelles face à l’immigration, et qui tient compte des facteurs individuels non observés. Nous utilisons ce modèle pour procéder à une analyse par décomposition de ces attitudes dans 20 pays européens. Nous trouvons que les mécanismes économiques influencent de manière significative les attitudes. Cependant, les facteurs non économiques jouent un rôle plus important dans la relation entre le niveau d’éducation des individus et leurs attitudes face à l’immigration.
Regional Differences in the Gender Earnings Gap in Brazil: Development, Discrimination, and Inequality Silvio Hong Tiing Tai, Izete Pengo Bagolin Developing Economies, 2019 This paper studies the decomposition of the gender earnings gap in the Brazilian labor market using microdata from the 2010 Brazilian census. Counter‐intuitively we find that the gender earnings gap in favor of males widens with increased GDP per capita. Firstly, we find that females present higher schooling than males, which is consistent with the higher return to schooling among females. Secondly, the effect of the female schooling advantage on income is magnified by the local level of income inequality. Thirdly, through decomposition, we obtain the component due to discrimination (or any factor independent of schooling that undervalues female characteristics) against women. Finally, the explanation for the counter‐intuitive result is that while gender discrimination reduces with GDP per capita, somehow the level of income inequality reduces more quickly, resulting in a gender earnings gap that widens with increased GDP per capita.
Privacy Regulation Fabrice Rochelandet, Silvio H. T. Tai Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 2019
Self-selection of return migrants in Brazil and inequality Silvio H. T. Tai, Ana Carolina B. M. Ribeiro Economia Aplicada, 2016 Esse artigo estuda a autosseleção dos emigrantes retornados no Brasil, de 2001 a 2010. Verificou-se empiricamente o impacto da desigualdade de renda na autosseleção através de dois canais opostos. Em primeiro lugar, os custos de migração impedem indivíduos com baixa qualificação de emigrar, o que contribui para a seleção positiva. Essa seleção é acentuada em locais com muita desigualdade. Em segundo lugar, indivíduos com baixa qualificação têm incentivos salariais para emigrar de estados mais desiguais, o que contribui para a seleção negativa. Considerando os dois canais, os efeitos dos custos de emigração são mais importantes, com predominância da seleção positiva
