Somasundaram Arumugam

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, Drug Discovery

Scopus Publications

Editorial: Methods in experimental pharmacology 2023
Somasundaram Arumugam, Amit Khurana, and Kala Kumar Bharani
Frontiers Media SA



ADDITIVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CISPLATIN AND ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA EXTRACT THROUGH THE MODULATION OF APOPTOTIC MARKERS, CYCLIN-D AND VEGF EXPRESSIONS IN SKOV3 OVARIAN CANCER CELL LINE
FARA VITANTRI DIAH, NUZLI FAHDIA MAZFUFAH, WAWAIMULI AROZAL, MELVA LOUISA, SEPTELIA INAWATI WANANDI, SOMASUNDARAM ARUMUGAM, REMYA SREEDHAR, and PUSPITA EKA WUYUNG
Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd
Objective: This study aims to investigate the possibility of additive cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and Andrographis paniculate (Burm. f.) Nees(AP) via apoptotic, cell cycle and angiogenesis pathways. Methods: CC50 cisplatin, AP and Andrographolide (AG) were determined by the cell viability of SKOV3 after its exposure to these substances. SKOV3 cells were then divided into 6 experimental groups: one negativecontrol group, one with CC50 cisplatin alone, and three where CC50 was combined with CC50 AP, ½CC50 AP, and 1.5CC50 AP, respectively. The additive cytotoxic effect of cisplatin with AP or AG was evaluated through the modulation of several pathways via qRT-PCR of their markers: apoptotic pathways indicated by Bax, BCL2, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 expression; cell cycle indicated by Cyclin-D expression; angiogenesis pathways by VEGF expression. Results: Cisplatin reduces cell viability to 54%, 37% when combined with AG, and 30%, 23% and 20% with ½CC50 AP, CC50 AP and 1.5CC50 AP, respectively. AG and AP extract decreases SKOV3 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cisplatin combined with AP showed a statistically significant increase in BAX, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 expression and a decrease in BCL2, which indicated synergy in apoptotic pathways. The best result was seen in cisplatin combined with ½CC50 AP. A decrease in Cyclin D and VEGF was seen in all groups, the best seen in ½CC50 AP and CC50 AP, respectively, showing optimal cell cycle arrest and anti-angiogenesis properties when cisplatin is combined with AP extract. Conclusion: Combining cisplatin with AP extract enhanced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis properties.


6-gingerol as an antioxidant to ameliorate kidney injury in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats
Endah Wulandari, Salsabila Amanda Putri Andri, Vivian Soetikno, Kusmardi Kusmardi, Melva Louisa, Shirly Gunawan, and Somasundaram Arumugam
Open Science Publishers LLP
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of 6-gingerol (6-G) on oxidative stress in high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5). The control group received a standard diet. The MetS group received the HFHF diet for 16 weeks and, at Week 8, received a single dose of streptozotocin at 22 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). After eight weeks of HFHF diet feeding, the rats were dosed orally with 6-G (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) once daily for another eight weeks. Urine samples were collected for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and creatinine analysis, whereas kidney tissue was obtained for histological evaluation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies for p47phox, p67phox, NOX2, and NOX4. At the end of the study, the urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly decreased in the 6-G groups at all three doses. The 6-G treatment at all three doses markedly suppressed messenger RNA expression of p47phox, p67phox, NOX2, and NOX4. This was associated with a substantial decrease in tubulointerstitial inflammatory cells, fibrotic area, and lipid droplets in rats receiving the HFHF diet and 6-G Treatment. 6-G could attenuate MetS-induced kidney injury via anti-oxidant activity, leading to improved kidney damage.


Effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Abelmoschus moschatus against multidrug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilm—An insight into antibiofilm therapeutics
Ambar Bose, Bidhan Chandra Chakraborty, Bhukya Siva, Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan, Somasundaram Arumugam, Amit Kumar Taraphdar, and Mandira Mukherjee
Elsevier BV



Arg-Specific serine Protease-Targeted edoxaban tosylate monohydrate-Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles: Investigating Stuart-Prower factor targeting and intestinal distribution through Ex-Vivo fluorescent visualization
Pavazhaviji Pazhani, Jose Prakash Dharmian, Somasundaram Arumugam, Pavithra pazhani, and Vijaya Vara Prasad Medapati
Elsevier BV



Decellularized extracellular matrix-based bioengineered 3D breast cancer scaffolds for personalized therapy and drug screening
Teeshyo Bhattacharya, Mamta Kumari, Kulwinder Kaur, Santanu Kaity, Somasundaram Arumugam, Velayutham Ravichandiran, and Subhadeep Roy
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Bioengineered 3D breast cancer model using responsive decellularized scaffold.


Indigenous wisdom of a Kwatha to treat NASH: An insight into the mechanism
Manoj Limbraj Yellurkar, Vani Sai Prasanna, Pamelika Das, Sulogna Sarkar, Rakesh Matta, Devendra Kumar Dhaked, Ramalingam Peraman, Amit Kumar Taraphdar, Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan, Ravichandiran Velayutham,et al.
Elsevier BV



Lactic acid-fermented Sake lees protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Hiroshi Suzuki, Kenichi Watanabe, Somasundaram Arumugam, Rejina Afrin, Masahiko Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Matsubayashi, and Hirohito Sone
Functional Food Center
Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common disease that may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through fatty liver and cirrhosis. Although the prevalence of NASH is increasing worldwide, there is no cure established thus far. Sake lees are a by-product of sake refining, with a known liver-protecting effect. Lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) are a food produced by lactic acid fermentation and dealcoholization of sake lees. This product is commercially available in Japan. Although FSL has been associated with numerous functions, thus far, studies have not investigated its hepatoprotective effect. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of lactic acid-fermented sake lees (FSL) in a mouse model of NASH-HCC, to assess the impact of FSL supplementation on blood glucose levels in mice with NASH, to analyze the expression of inflammatory markers in FSL-fed mice compared to controls, and to determine the overall efficacy of FSL in inhibiting the progression of NASH. Methods: For this study, we established a mouse model of NASH-HCC. Mice were placed on a high-fat diet supplemented with FSL from 10 to 14 weeks of age. We assessed the diet's efficacy in halting NASH progression compared to a control group. Results: The group fed with FSL exhibited a significant suppression in blood glucose levels and a notable inhibition of NASH progression compared to the control group. Protein analysis revealed a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers in the FSL-fed group compared to controls. Conclusion: Ingestion of FSL may exert anti-inflammatory and blood glucose-lowering effects and inhibit NASH progression. Keywords: anti-inflammation, blood glucose, fatty liver, Sake lees


The onset and the development of cardiometabolic aging: an insight into the underlying mechanisms
Sulogna Sarkar, Vani S. Prasanna, Pamelika Das, Hiroshi Suzuki, Kazuya Fujihara, Satoru Kodama, Hirohito Sone, Remya Sreedhar, Ravichandiran Velayutham, Kenichi Watanabe,et al.
Frontiers Media SA
Metabolic compromise is crucial in aggravating age-associated chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, increased LDL and triglycerides, and elevated blood pressure. Excessive adiposity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance due to aging are associated with elevated levels of damaging free radicals, inducing a proinflammatory state and hampering immune cell activity, leading to a malfunctioning cardiometabolic condition. The age-associated oxidative load and redox imbalance are contributing factors for cardiometabolic morbidities via vascular remodelling and endothelial damage. Recent evidence has claimed the importance of gut microbiota in maintaining regular metabolic activity, which declines with chronological aging and cardiometabolic comorbidities. Genetic mutations, polymorphic changes, and environmental factors strongly correlate with increased vulnerability to aberrant cardiometabolic changes by affecting key physiological pathways. Numerous studies have reported a robust link between biological aging and cardiometabolic dysfunction. This review outlines the scientific evidence exploring potential mechanisms behind the onset and development of cardiovascular and metabolic issues, particularly exacerbated with aging.


Paneth-like cells disruption and intestinal dysbiosis in the development of enterocolitis in an iatrogenic rectosigmoid hypoganglionosis rat model
Iskandar Rahardjo Budianto, Kusmardi Kusmardi, Andi Muh. Maulana, Somasundaram Arumugam, Rejina Afrin, and Vivian Soetikno
Frontiers Media SA
BackgroundHypoganglionosis resembles Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) which is characterized by severe constipation. Enterocolitis due to hypoganglionosis or Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a life-threatening complication of both diseases. This study investigated the role of Paneth-like cells (PLCs) and gut microbiota in the development of enterocolitis in an iatrogenic rectosigmoid hypoganglionosis rat model.MethodsThe rectosigmoid serosa of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC). The rats were then sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 8, and 12 weeks. A sham group was sacrificed on Week 12. With hematoxylin-eosin staining, the ganglionic cells were quantified, the degree of enterocolitis was analyzed, and the PLCs was identified. Intestinal barrier function was assessed for the anti-peripherin, occludin, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) ratio. qRT-PCR was used as reference for the evaluation of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of PLCs using cryptdins, secretory Phospholipase A2, and lysozyme levels. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing on fecal samples was performed to analyze the changes in the intestinal microbiota diversity in each group.ResultsAfter 1 week of intervention, the ganglion cells were fewer in all sacrificial 0.1% BAC groups at varying times than those in the sham group. Occludin and peripherin were decreased, while the AChE/BChE ratio was increased. At Week 5 postintervention, the number of α-defensins-positive PLCs increased in the sigmoid colon tissues from BAC-treated rats. Conversely, PLCs-produced AMP decreased from Week 5 to Week 12. The sham group demonstrated increased Lactobacillus and decreased Bacteroides, while the 0.1% BAC group exhibited reciprocal changes, indicating dysbiosis. Enterocolitis occurred from Week 1 postintervention.ConclusionApplication with BAC influences the disruption of PLCs in Week 5 postintervention, and dysbiosis exacerbate the occurrence of enterocolitis. Further research on Paneth cells involvement in HAEC development is warranted.


Development of microRNA as prognostic markers in head and neck cancer
Teeshyo Bhattacharya, Shikha Tiwari, Arijit Nandi, Wei-Yu Lin, and Somasundaram Arumugam
Elsevier



Edoxaban enfolded beta-1,4-poly-d-glucosamine nanoparticles for targeting eponym Stuart–Prower factor for treatment of venous thrombosis
Pavazhaviji Pazhani, Jose Prakash Dharmian, Somasundaram Arumugam, Pavithra Pazhani, and Vijaya Vara Prasad Medapati
Informa UK Limited
The present research looked for ways to develop shielded nanoparticles (NPs)-drug transporters made of chitosan (CS) to enhance the bioavailability of Edoxaban tosylate monohydrate (ETM) for oral administration by examining the correlation among design aspects and data from experiments using response surface methodology. ETM-loaded CS nanoparticles (ETM-CS-NPs) were developed using the ionic gelation of CS with tripolyphosphate (TPP). Utilizing Zeta-sizer and scanning electron microscopy, the ETM-CS-NPs were evaluated for particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), surface morphology, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug loading (DL). Drug and polymer interactions in NPs were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The response surface approach and Design-Expert software optimized the ETM-CS-NPs. Using response surface methodology, the effects of independent variables such as the amount of CS, the amount of TPP, and the amount of glacial acetic acid on PS, PDI, and ZP were analyzed. The optimal combination of PS (354.8 nm), PDI (0.509), ZP (43.7 + mV), % EE (70.3 ± 1.3), and % DL (9.1 ± 0.4) has been identified for the optimized ETM-CS-NPs. ETM-CS-NPs' anticoagulant activity was evaluated using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) assays. In conclusion, a practical and consistent method has been established, and its application has been proven in vitro, indicating its utility for future studies of the biological distribution of ETM-CS-NPs in vivo for specific antithrombotic treatments.


Anti–intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) nanoparticles for damaged endothelium to treat venous thromboembolism
Pavazhaviji Pazhani, Somasundaram Arumugam, Jose Prakash Dharmian, and Vijayavara Prasad Medapatti
Informa UK Limited



Dual Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated with Carbon Quantum Dots for Hyperthermia and Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer
Mounika Choppadandi, Kondi Soumya, Sumanta Ghosh, Aishwarya Balu, Tanvi Shingote, Srivalliputtur Sarath Babu, Vani Sai Prasanna, Somasundaram Arumugam, Ravichandiran Velyutham, Murali M. Yallapu,et al.
Ivyspring International Publisher
The global incidence of cancer continues to rise, posing a significant public health concern. Although numerous cancer therapies exist, each has limitations and complications. The present study explores alternative cancer treatment approaches, combining hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and amine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (A-CQDs) were synthesized separately and then covalently conjugated to form a single nanosystem for combinational therapy (M-CQDs). The successful conjugation was confirmed using zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. Morphological examination in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further verified the conjugation of CQDs with MNPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed that M-CQDs contain approximately 12 weight percentages of carbon. Hyperthermia studies showed that both MNP and M-CQDs maintain a constant therapeutic temperature at lower frequencies (260.84 kHz) with high specific absorption rates (SAR) of 118.11 and 95.04 W/g, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrated that MNPs, A-CQDs, and M-CQDs are non-toxic, and combinational therapy (PDT + hyperthermia) resulted in significantly lower cell viability (~4%) compared to individual therapies. Similar results were obtained with Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining assays. Hence, the combination therapy of PDT and hyperthermia shows promise as a potential alternative to conventional therapies, and it could be further explored in combination with existing conventional treatments.


A network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro investigation of Picrorhiza kurroa extract for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy
Shiv Pal, Manoj Limbraj Yellurkar, Pamelika Das, Vani Sai Prasanna, Sulogna Sarkar, Rahul L. Gajbhiye, Amit Kumar Taraphdar, Ravichandiran Velayutham, and Somasundaram Arumugam
Informa UK Limited



Pathophysiology and Management of Onychomycosis and Novel Approaches for Effective Transdermal Applications




Antiviral Activity of Cinchona officinalis, a Homeopathic Medicine, against COVID-19
Somasundaram Arumugam, Kumaravel Vadivel, Devendra Kumar Dhaked, Vani Sai Prasanna, Manoj Limbraj Yellurkar, Pamelika Das, Raja Manoharan, Austin Jose Thomas, Lalith Singh, Subhas Singh,et al.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies have shown that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infections in vitro. Objective Since the phytoconstituents of Cinchona officinalis (CO) are similar to those of HCQ, the objective of this study was to test the antiviral potential of different homeopathic formulations of CO. Methods An analysis of the molecular composition of CO was carried out using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, followed by a detailed docking study. The constituents of CO were docked against various targets of SARS-CoV-2, and the binding potential of the phytoconstituents was compared and quantified. The ligand with the lowest Glide docking score is considered to have the best binding affinity. The cytotoxicity of several homeopathic formulations, including CO mother tincture (CO-MT), was also checked on VeroE6 cells. A known antiviral, remdesivir, was used as a positive control for the in vitro assays to evaluate the effects of CO-MT against SARS-CoV-2-infected VeroE6 cells. Results Molecular docking studies showed that constituents of CO exhibited binding potential to various targets of SARS-CoV-2, including Mpro, PLpro, RdRp, nucleocapsid protein, ACE2 (in host) and spike protein. Quinoline, one of the constituents of CO, can potentially bind the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Quinic acid showed better binding capabilities with Mpro, PLpro RdRp, nucleocapsid protein and ACE2 (allosteric site) than other constituents. Quinidine exhibited better binding to ACE2. Compared to HCQ, other phytoconstituents of CO had the equivalent potential to bind the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, nucleocapsid protein, Mpro, PLpro and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. In vitro assays showed that homeopathic CO-MT was not cytotoxic and that CO-MT and remdesivir respectively caused 89% and 99% inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in VeroE6 cells. Conclusion Based on this in silico and in vitro evidence, we propose CO-MT as a promising antiviral medicine candidate for treating COVID-19. In vivo investigation is required to clarify the therapeutic potential of CO-MT in COVID-19.


Anti-inflammatory interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome
Somasundaram Arumugam, Manoj Limbraj Yellurkar, Vani Sai Prasanna, Pamelika Das, Sulogna Sarkar, Jishna Das, Remya Sreedhar, and Ravichandiran Velayutham
Elsevier



Hypercoagulability and endothelial activation associated with venous thromboembolism
Pavazhaviji Pazhani, Vijaya VaraPrasad Medapati, Somasundaram Arumugam, and Jose Prakash Dharmian
Open Science Publishers LLP



Editorial: Global excellence in ethnopharmacology: Asia
Somasundaram Arumugam, Aiping Lyu, Bey Hing Goh, and Uraiwan Panich
Frontiers Media SA



Potential Targets in Constipation Research: A Review
Ravichandiran Velayutham, Somasundaram Arumugam, Priya Bisht, Neha Dagar, and Nitesh Kumar
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Background: Constipation is one of the most frequent abnormalities of the gastrointesti-nal system that affects the patient’s quality of life. Constipation is more common in women and af-fects them more frequently as they get older. Many constipated patients take over-the-counter drugs for treatment, but some do not respond to these medicines and need newer, more expensive drugs. Still, many patients are not completely satisfied with these medicines. Unlike other areas, constipa-tion research is not given much importance. Objective: This review discusses targets such as ClC-2, CFTR, opioid receptors, and 5HT-4 recep-tors, which are important in constipation therapy. The recent focus is also on the gut microbiome with the help of various randomized controlled trials. Pharmacological advances have also added novel targets such as IBAT, PAR-2, and intestinal NHE-3 for constipation treatment. Methods: This review summarises the research on these targets collected from various databases. ClC-2 and CFTR are involved in intestinal chloride secretion followed by sodium or water, which increases stool passage. Non-cancer pain treatment with opioids targeting opiate receptors is con-sidered in 40-90% of patients, which causes constipation as a side effect. On activation, 5HT-4 re-ceptors increase gastrointestinal motility. IBAT is responsible for transporting bile acid into the liv-er. Bile acid will reach the colon by inhibiting IBAT, stimulating colonic motility, and providing a laxative effect. Activation of the ghrelin receptor results in prokinetic activity in both animals and humans. Intestinal NHE-3 mediates the absorption of Na+ and the secretion of hydrogen into the in-testine. Many reports show that PAR-2 is involved in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. The gut microbiota influences the peristaltic action of the intestine. Conclusion: Drugs working on these targets positively impact the treatment of constipation, as do the drugs that are currently in clinical trials acting on these targets. The results from the ongoing clinical trials will also provide some valuable information regarding whether these medications will meet the patients’ needs in the future.


Right ventricular failure: a comorbidity or a clinical emergency?
Pamelika Das, Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan, Kenichi Watanabe, Ravichandiran Velayutham, and Somasundaram Arumugam
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Effect of heat-moisture treated brown rice crackers on postprandial flow-mediated dilation in adults with mild endothelial dysfunction
Kenichi Watanabe, Masao Hirayama, Somasundaram Arumugam, Masayoshi Sugawara, Hisanori Kato, Sumiko Nakamura, Ken'ichi Ohtsubo, Hitoshi Matsumoto, Yuri Nomi, Noriyuki Homma,et al.
Elsevier BV



Editorial: Anti-Inflammatory Agents in the Context of Age-Related Cardiometabolic Disease: Ethnopharmacological Perspectives
Somasundaram Arumugam, Wawaimuli Arozal, and Koji Ikeda
Frontiers Media SA
Anti-In fl ammatory Agents in the Context of Age-related Cardiometabolic Disease: in metabolic syndrome in addition to the supporting data for the role of Moringa oleifera Lam. on various signaling pathways activated during in fl ammation and oxidative stress. et al. have studied the molecular basis of the effect of ShenLian extract on atherosclerotic plaques in vitro and in vivo . By using the co-culture model, macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) interactions were studied and reported the necessary role of transforming growth factor (TGF)- β in the cross-talk between macrophages and SMC in stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaques. They have reported that ShenLian extract (an herbal decoction consisting of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.) could stabilize the vulnerable plaques by increasing plaque collagen and functionally reconstruct the extracellular matrix via increasing TGF- β expression and regulating the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. Liu et al. and her team reported that the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF), a heat-stable pentapeptide from Entamoeba histolytica , promoted microglia transition toward the M2 phenotype, which contributes to neuronal survival and tissue repair, in vivo and in vitro ischemic stroke model via regulation of eEF1A1/


Keratinocytes: An Enigmatic Factor in Atopic Dermatitis
Pamelika Das, Pappula Mounika, Manoj Limbraj Yellurkar, Vani Sai Prasanna, Sulogna Sarkar, Ravichandiran Velayutham, and Somasundaram Arumugam
MDPI AG
Atopic dermatitis (AD), characterized by rashes, itching, and pruritus, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin with a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lesion. It usually commences in early childhood and coexists with other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, etc. With a prevalence rate of 1–20% in adults and children worldwide, AD is gradually becoming a major health concern. Immunological aspects have been frequently focused on in the pathogenesis of AD, including the role of the epidermal barrier and the consequent abnormal cytokine expressions. Disrupted epidermal barriers, as well as allergic triggers (food allergy), contact allergens, irritants, microbes, aggravating factors, and ultraviolet light directly initiate the inflammatory response by inducing epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in the abnormal release of various pro-inflammatory mediators, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines from keratinocytes. In addition, abnormal proteinases, gene mutations, or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) affecting the function of the epidermal barrier can also contribute towards disease pathophysiology. Apart from this, imbalances in cholinergic or adrenergic responses in the epidermis or the role played by immune cells in the epidermis such as Langerhans cells or antigen-presenting cells can also aggravate pathophysiology. The dearth of specific biomarkers for proper diagnosis and the lack of a permanent cure for AD necessitate investigation in this area. In this context, the widespread role played by keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of AD will be reviewed in this article to facilitate the opening up of new avenues of treatment for AD.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Rudraksha attenuates right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension induced Wistar rats
P Das, B Kumar, ML Yellurkar, V Saiprasanna, S Sarkar, AK Taraphdar, ...
Pharmacological Research-Natural Products, 100180 2025



Novel Polyethyleneimine-chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulating Urolithin B: A Potential Nanotherapeutic Approach for Diabetic Nephropathy
JP Dharmian, SPA Claret, P Ramakrishnan, P Pazhani, N Vasimalai, ...
Journal of Cluster Science 36 (2), 46 2025



Methods in experimental pharmacology 2023
S Arumugam, A Khurana, KK Bharani
Frontiers in Pharmacology 16, 1531464 2025



Phytocompounds from Indonesia Medicinal Herbs as Potential Apelin Receptor Agonist for Heart Failure Therapy: An In-silico Approach.
MR Fadhillah, W Arozal, M Habiburrahman, S Arumugam, H Wibowo, ...
International Journal of Technology 16 (1) 2025



ADDITIVE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CISPLATIN AND ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA EXTRACT THROUGH THE MODULATION OF APOPTOTIC MARKERS, CYCLIN-D AND VEGF EXPRESSIONS IN SKOV3 OVARIAN CANCER
FV Diah, NF Mazfufah, W Arozal, M Louisa, SI Wanandi, S Arumugam, ...
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 17 (1), 234-241 2025



6-gingerol as an antioxidant to ameliorate kidney injury in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats
S Gunawan, S Arumugam
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 15 (01), 072-080 2025



Effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Abelmoschus moschatus against multidrug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilm—An insight into antibiofilm therapeutics
A Bose, BC Chakraborty, B Siva, SK Nanjappan, S Arumugam, ...
South African Journal of Botany 174, 66-74 2024



Edoxaban enfolded beta-1,4-poly-d-glucosamine nanoparticles for targeting eponym Stuart–Prower factor for treatment of venous thrombosis
P Pazhani, JP Dharmian, S Arumugam, P Pazhani, VVP Medapati
Journal of Drug Targeting 32 (9), 1125-1138 2024



Arg-Specific serine Protease-Targeted edoxaban tosylate monohydrate-Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles: Investigating Stuart-Prower factor targeting and intestinal
P Pazhani, JP Dharmian, S Arumugam, VVP Medapati
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 203, 114459 2024



The onset and the development of cardiometabolic aging: an insight into the underlying mechanisms
S Sarkar, VS Prasanna, P Das, H Suzuki, K Fujihara, S Kodama, H Sone, ...
Frontiers in Pharmacology 15, 1447890 2024



Paneth-like cells disruption and intestinal dysbiosis in the development of enterocolitis in an iatrogenic rectosigmoid hypoganglionosis rat model
IR Budianto, K Kusmardi, AM Maulana, S Arumugam, R Afrin, V Soetikno
Frontiers in Surgery 11, 1407948 2024



Investigation of the potential connections between NAFLD-associated Alzheimer's disease: bioinformatics analysis of shared genes
I Bhattacharya, T Bhattacharya, A Sahu, P Das, S Sarkar, VS Prasanna, ...
2024



Anti–intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) nanoparticles for damaged endothelium to treat venous thromboembolism
P Pazhani, S Arumugam, JP Dharmian, VP Medapatti
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 1-13 2024



Indigenous wisdom of a Kwatha to treat NASH: An insight into the mechanism
ML Yellurkar, VS Prasanna, P Das, S Sarkar, R Matta, DK Dhaked, ...
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 326, 117935 2024



Lactic acid-fermented Sake lees protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
H Suzuki, K Watanabe, S Arumugam, R Afrin, M Yamamoto, ...
Functional Foods in Health and Disease 14 (5), 334-345 2024



Dual Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated with Carbon Quantum Dots for Hyperthermia and Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer
M Choppadandi, K Soumya, S Ghosh, A Balu, T Shingote, SS Babu, ...
Nanotheranostics 8 (4), 442 2024



A network pharmacology, molecular docking and invitro investigation of Picrorhiza kurroa extract for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy
S Pal, ML Yellurkar, P Das, V Sai Prasanna, S Sarkar, RL Gajbhiye, ...
Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1-12 2024



Antiviral Activity of Cinchona officinalis, a Homeopathic Medicine, against COVID-19
S Arumugam, K Vadivel, DK Dhaked, VS Prasanna, ML Yellurkar, P Das, ...
Homeopathy 113 (01), 016-024 2024



Implantable biosensor platforms for animal model bioassays
N Madhu, P Das, ML Yellurkar, VS Prasanna, A Chandran, B Kumar, ...
Health and Environmental Applications of Biosensing Technologies, 181-199 2024



Anti-inflammatory interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome
S Arumugam, ML Yellurkar, VS Prasanna, P Das, S Sarkar, J Das, ...
Metabolic Syndrome, 421-437 2024

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

A murine model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis showing evidence of association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma
M Fujii, Y Shibazaki, K Wakamatsu, Y Honda, Y Kawauchi, K Suzuki, ...
Medical molecular morphology 46, 141-152 2013
Citations: 392



Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indian medical plants
M Umamaheswari, K AsokKumar, A Somasundaram, T Sivashanmugam, ...
Journal of ethnopharmacology 109 (3), 547-551 2007
Citations: 282



Curcumin alleviates oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis in remnant kidney through the N rf2–keap1 pathway
V Soetikno, FR Sari, AP Lakshmanan, S Arumugam, M Harima, K Suzuki, ...
Molecular nutrition & food research 57 (9), 1649-1659 2013
Citations: 238



Curcumin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting PKC‐α and PKC‐β₁ activity in streptozotocin‐induced type I diabetic rats
V Soetikno, K Watanabe, FR Sari, M Harima, RA Thandavarayan, ...
Molecular nutrition & food research 55 (11), 1655-1665 2011
Citations: 167



Schisandrin B prevents doxorubicin induced cardiac dysfunction by modulation of DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibition of MAPK/p53 signaling
RA Thandavarayan, VV Giridharan, S Arumugam, K Suzuki, KM Ko, ...
PLoS One 10 (3), e0119214 2015
Citations: 143



Curcumin ameliorates liver damage and progression of NASH in NASH-HCC mouse model possibly by modulating HMGB1-NF-κB translocation
R Afrin, S Arumugam, A Rahman, MII Wahed, V Karuppagounder, ...
International immunopharmacology 44, 174-182 2017
Citations: 140



Molecular targets of quercetin with anti-inflammatory properties in atopic dermatitis
V Karuppagounder, S Arumugam, RA Thandavarayan, R Sreedhar, ...
Drug discovery today 21 (4), 632-639 2016
Citations: 137



Modulation of HMGB1 translocation and RAGE/NFκB cascade by quercetin treatment mitigates atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga transgenic mice
V Karuppagounder, S Arumugam, RA Thandavarayan, V Pitchaimani, ...
Experimental dermatology 24 (6), 418-423 2015
Citations: 107



Resveratrol attenuates HMGB1 signaling and inflammation in house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis in mice
V Karuppagounder, S Arumugam, RA Thandavarayan, V Pitchaimani, ...
International Immunopharmacology 23 (2), 617-623 2014
Citations: 90



Curcumin ameliorates streptozotocin-induced liver damage through modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in diabetic rats
R Afrin, S Arumugam, V Soetikno, RA Thandavarayan, V Pitchaimani, ...
Free Radical Research 49 (3), 279-289 2015
Citations: 86



Schisandrin B ameliorates ICV-infused amyloid β induced oxidative stress and neuronal dysfunction through inhibiting RAGE/NF-κB/MAPK and up-regulating HSP/Beclin expression
VV Giridharan, RA Thandavarayan, S Arumugam, M Mizuno, H Nawa, ...
PLoS One 10 (11), e0142483 2015
Citations: 84



Modulation of macrophage polarization and HMGB1-TLR2/TLR4 cascade plays a crucial role for cardiac remodeling in senescence-accelerated prone mice
V Karuppagounder, VV Giridharan, S Arumugam, R Sreedhar, ...
PloS one 11 (4), e0152922 2016
Citations: 79



Curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the chemoprevention of inflammatory bowel disease
R Sreedhar, S Arumugam, RA Thandavarayan, V Karuppagounder, ...
Drug discovery today 21 (5), 843-849 2016
Citations: 76



Depletion of 14-3-3 protein exacerbates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and remodeling process via modulation of MAPK/NF-ĸB signaling pathways after streptozotocin
RA Thandavarayan, VV Giridharan, FR Sari, S Arumugam, ...
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 28 (5), 911-922 2011
Citations: 76



Quercetin offers cardioprotection against progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis by suppression of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress via endothelin-1/MAPK
S Arumugam, RA Thandavarayan, W Arozal, FR Sari, VV Giridharan, ...
Free radical research 46 (2), 154-163 2012
Citations: 73



Tannic acid modulates NFκB signaling pathway and skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice through PPARγ expression
V Karuppagounder, S Arumugam, RA Thandavarayan, V Pitchaimani, ...
Cytokine 76 (2), 206-213 2015
Citations: 68



Angiotensin receptor blockers: Focus on cardiac and renal injury
S Arumugam, R Sreedhar, RA Thandavarayan, V Karuppagounder, ...
Trends in cardiovascular medicine 26 (3), 221-228 2016
Citations: 66



Molecular understanding of curcumin in diabetic nephropathy
V Soetikno, K Suzuki, PT Veeraveedu, S Arumugam, AP Lakshmanan, ...
Drug discovery today 18 (15-16), 756-763 2013
Citations: 65



Regulation of inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in experimental autoimmune myocarditis
K Watanabe, V Sukumaran, P T Veeraveedu, R A Thandavarayan, ...
Inflammation & Allergy-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets 2011
Citations: 61



Tiny molecule, big power: multi-target approach for curcumin in diabetic cardiomyopathy
V Karuppagounder, S Arumugam, VV Giridharan, R Sreedhar, RJC Bose, ...
Nutrition 34, 47-54 2017
Citations: 58