From 2003 to 2004 he worked as a Scientific Research Technician in the Biology of Ageing group of IBILI, FMUC. From 2010 to 2011 SC continued his work at the Biology of Ageing group as a Scientific Research Technician. In 2011 SC was awarded an FCT post-doctoral grant carried out at IBILI, FMUC until 2017. In 2017, SC obtained a post-doctoral grant through the HEALTHYAGING 2020 project (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012), to work in the GuIC group, at iCBR, FMUC. From December 2018 to December 2024, within the frame of the transitional standard of the DL57-2016 law, SC worked as an Initial Level PhD Researcher at iCBR, FMUC.
EDUCATION
Steve Catarino (SC) obtained his degree in Biochemistry from the Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Coimbra (UC) in 2003 after conducting his final project work at the Biology of Ageing group (now known as Group of Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and Intercellular Communication, GuIC); in the Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI, now known as the Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, UC (FMUC). In 2004 he was awarded a PhD grant from the Fundação para a Ciência e Technologia (FCT) to carry out his thesis work at IBILI, FMUC; and at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. SC obtained his PhD in Biomedical Sciences in 2010 with his work characterizing the intracellular trafficking of connexin proteins.
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine
Connexin43 promotes exocytosis of damaged lysosomes through actin remodelling Neuza Domingues, Steve Catarino, Beatriz Cristóvão, Lisa Rodrigues, Filomena A Carvalho, et al. EMBO Journal, 2024 A robust and efficient cellular response to lysosomal membrane damage prevents leakage from the lysosome lumen into the cytoplasm. This response is understood to happen through either lysosomal membrane repair or lysophagy. Here we report exocytosis as a third response mechanism to lysosomal damage, which is further potentiated when membrane repair or lysosomal degradation mechanisms are impaired. We show that Connexin43 (Cx43), a protein canonically associated with gap junctions, is recruited from the plasma membrane to damaged lysosomes, promoting their secretion and accelerating cell recovery. The effects of Cx43 on lysosome exocytosis are mediated by a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton that increases plasma membrane fluidity and decreases cell stiffness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cx43 interacts with the actin nucleator Arp2, the activity of which was shown to be necessary for Cx43-mediated actin rearrangement and lysosomal exocytosis following damage. These results define a novel mechanism of lysosomal quality control whereby Cx43-mediated actin remodelling potentiates the secretion of damaged lysosomes.
Cx43 can form functional channels at the nuclear envelope and modulate gene expression in cardiac cells Tania Martins-Marques, Katja Witschas, Ilda Ribeiro, Mónica Zuzarte, Steve Catarino, et al. Open Biology, 2023 Classically associated with gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, connexin43 (Cx43) is increasingly recognized to possess non-canonical biological functions, including gene expression regulation. However, the mechanisms governing the localization and role played by Cx43 in the nucleus, namely in transcription modulation, remain unknown. Using comprehensive and complementary approaches encompassing biochemical assays, super-resolution and immunogold transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that Cx43 localizes to the nuclear envelope of different cell types and in cardiac tissue. We show that translocation of Cx43 to the nucleus relies on Importin-β, and that Cx43 significantly impacts the cellular transcriptome, likely by interacting with transcriptional regulators. In vitro patch-clamp recordings from HEK293 and adult primary cardiomyocytes demonstrate that Cx43 forms active channels at the nuclear envelope, providing evidence that Cx43 can participate in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of small molecules. The accumulation of nuclear Cx43 during myogenic differentiation of cardiomyoblasts is suggested to modulate expression of genes implicated in this process. Altogether, our study provides new evidence for further defining the biological roles of nuclear Cx43, namely in cardiac pathophysiology.
Cx43-mediated hyphal folding counteracts phagosome integrity loss during fungal infection Beatriz Cristovao, Lisa Rodrigues, Steve Catarino, Monica Abreu, Teresa Gonçalves, et al. Microbiology Spectrum, 2023 Phagolysosomes are crucial organelles during the elimination of pathogens by host cells. The maintenance of their membrane integrity is vital during stressful conditions, such as during Candida albicans infection. As the fungal hyphae grow, the phagolysosome membrane expands to ensure that the growing fungus remains entrapped. Additionally, actin structures surrounding the hyphae-containing phagosome were recently described to damage and constrain these pathogens inside the host vacuoles by inducing their folding. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the phagosome membrane adaptation during this extreme expansion process is still unclear. The main goal of this study was to unveil the interplay between phagosomal membrane integrity and folding capacity of C. albicans -infected macrophages. We show that components of the repair machinery are gradually recruited to the expanding phagolysosomal membrane and that their inhibition diminishes macrophage folding capacity. Through an analysis of an RNAseq data set of C. albicans- infected macrophages, we identified Cx43, a gap junction protein, as a putative player involved in the interplay between lysosomal homeostasis and actin-related processes. Our findings further reveal that Cx43 is recruited to expand phagosomes and potentiates the hyphal folding capacity of macrophages, promoting their survival. Additionally, we reveal that Cx43 can act as an anchor for complexes involved in Arp2-mediated actin nucleation during the assembly of actin rings around hyphae-containing phagosomes. Overall, this work brings new insights on the mechanisms by which macrophages cope with C. albicans infection ascribing to Cx43 a new noncanonical regulatory role in phagosome dynamics during pathogen phagocytosis. IMPORTANCE Invasive candidiasis is a life-threatening fungal infection that can become increasingly resistant to treatment. Thus, strategies to improve immune system efficiency, such as the macrophage response during the clearance of the fungal infection, are crucial to ameliorate the current therapies. Engulfed Candida albicans , one of the most common Candida species, is able to quickly transit from yeast-to-hypha form, which can elicit a phagosomal membrane injury and ultimately lead to macrophage death. Here, we extend the understanding of phagosome membrane homeostasis during the hypha expansion and folding process. We found that loss of phagosomal membrane integrity decreases the capacity of macrophages to fold the hyphae. Furthermore, through a bioinformatic analysis, we reveal a new window of opportunities to disclose the mechanisms underlying the hyphal constraining process. We identified Cx43 as a new weapon in the armamentarium to tackle infection by potentiating hyphal folding and promoting macrophage survival.
Alvespimycin Inhibits Heat Shock Protein 90 and Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Raquel Alves, Diogo Santos, Joana Jorge, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Steve Catarino, et al. Molecules, 2023 Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) facilitates folding and stability and prevents the degradation of multiple client proteins. One of these HSP90 clients is BCR-ABL, the oncoprotein characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Alvespimycin is an HSP90 inhibitor with better pharmacokinetic properties and fewer side effects than other similar drugs, but its role in overcoming imatinib resistance is not yet clarified. This work studied the therapeutic potential of alvespimycin in imatinib-sensitive (K562) and imatinib-resistant (K562-RC and K562-RD) CML cell lines. Metabolic activity was determined by the resazurin assay. Cell death, caspase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle were evaluated by means of flow cytometry. Cell death was also analyzed by optical microscopy. HSPs expression levels were assessed by western blotting. Alvespimycin reduced metabolic activity in a time-, dose-, and cell line-dependent manner. Resistant cells were more sensitive to alvespimycin with an IC50 of 31 nM for K562-RC and 44 nM for K562-RD, compared to 50 nM for K562. This drug induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. In K562 cells, alvespimycin induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. As a marker of HSP90 inhibition, a significant increase in HSP70 expression was observed. Our results suggest that alvespimycin might be a new therapeutic approach to CML treatment, even in cases of resistance to imatinib.
Cx43-mediated sorting of miRNAs into extracellular vesicles Tania Martins‐Marques, Marina C Costa, Steve Catarino, Isaura Simoes, Trond Aasen, et al. EMBO Reports, 2022 Through the exchange of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles (EV) allow for cell–cell communication across distant cells and tissues to regulate a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Although some molecular mediators have been discovered, the mechanisms underlying the selective sorting of miRNAs into EV remain elusive. Previous studies demonstrated that connexin43 (Cx43) forms functional channels at the EV surface, mediating the communication with recipient cells. Here, we show that Cx43 participates in the selective sorting of miRNAs into EV through a process that can also involve RNA‐binding proteins. We provide evidence that Cx43 can directly bind to specific miRNAs, namely those containing stable secondary structure elements, including miR‐133b. Furthermore, Cx43 facilitates the delivery of EV‐miRNAs into recipient cells. Phenotypically, we show that Cx43‐mediated EV‐miRNAs sorting modulates autophagy. Overall, our study ascribes another biological role to Cx43, that is, the selective incorporation of miRNAs into EV, which potentially modulates multiple biological processes in target cells and may have implications for human health and disease.
Exosomes derived from microglia exposed to elevated pressure amplify the neuroinflammatory response in retinal cells Inês Dinis Aires, Teresa Ribeiro‐Rodrigues, Raquel Boia, Steve Catarino, Henrique Girão, et al. GLIA, 2020 Glaucoma is a degenerative disease that causes irreversible loss of vision and is characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Others and we have demonstrated that chronic neuroinflammation mediated by reactive microglial cells plays a role in glaucomatous pathology. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by most cells, including microglia, that mediate intercellular communication. The role of microglial exosomes in glaucomatous degeneration remains unknown. Taking the prominent role of microglial exosomes in brain neurodegenerative diseases, we studied the contribution of microglial‐derived exosomes to the inflammatory response in experimental glaucoma. Microglial cells were exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure (EHP), to mimic elevated intraocular pressure, the main risk factor for glaucoma. Naïve microglia (BV‐2 cells or retinal microglia) were exposed to exosomes derived from BV‐2 cells under EHP conditions (BV‐Exo‐EHP) or cultured in control pressure (BV‐Exo‐Control). We found that BV‐Exo‐EHP increased the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, promoted retinal microglia motility, phagocytic efficiency, and proliferation. Furthermore, the incubation of primary retinal neural cell cultures with BV‐Exo‐EHP increased cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species. Exosomes derived from retinal microglia (MG‐Exo‐Control or MG‐Exo‐EHP) were injected in the vitreous of C57BL/6J mice. MG‐Exo‐EHP sustained activation of retinal microglia, mediated cell death, and impacted RGC number. Herein, we show that exosomes derived from retinal microglia have an autocrine function and propagate the inflammatory signal in conditions of elevated pressure, contributing to retinal degeneration in glaucomatous conditions.
EHD1 Modulates Cx43 Gap Junction Remodeling Associated With Cardiac Diseases Tania Martins-Marques, Steve Catarino, Alexandre Gonçalves, Daniela Miranda-Silva, Lino Gonçalves, et al. Circulation Research, 2020 Rationale: Efficient communication between heart cells is vital to ensure the anisotropic propagation of electrical impulses, a function mainly accomplished by gap junctions (GJ) composed of Cx43 (connexin 43). Although the molecular mechanisms remain unclear, altered distribution and function of gap junctions have been associated with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Objective: A recent proteomic study from our laboratory identified EHD1 (Eps15 [endocytic adaptor epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15] homology domain-containing protein 1) as a novel interactor of Cx43 in the heart. Methods and Results: In the present work, we demonstrate that knockdown of EHD1 impaired the internalization of Cx43, preserving gap junction-intercellular coupling in cardiomyocytes. Interaction of Cx43 with EHD1 was mediated by Eps15 and promoted by phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Cx43. Overexpression of wild-type EHD1 accelerated internalization of Cx43 and exacerbated ischemia-induced lateralization of Cx43 in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. In addition, we show that EHDs associate with Cx43 in human and murine failing hearts. Conclusions: Overall, we identified EHDs as novel regulators of endocytic trafficking of Cx43, participating in the pathological remodeling of gap junctions, paving the way to innovative therapeutic strategies aiming at preserving intercellular communication in the heart.
Engineered poly (vinyl alcohol)-DNA hydrogels for sustained and biocompatible gene delivery JA Santos, S Catarino, M Mendes, D Murtinho, C Vitorino, EC Silva-Filho, ... Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 107611 , 2025 2025
Gap junctional protein Cx43 is involved in the communication between extracellular vesicles and mammalian cells S Catarino Scientific Reports , 2025 2025
Unveiling the antitumor mechanism of 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone from Plectranthus hadiensis in glioblastoma M Magalhães, EM Domínguez-Martín, J Jorge, AC Gonçalves, ... Journal of Ethnopharmacology 335, 118689 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Connexin43 promotes exocytosis of damaged lysosomes through actin remodelling N Domingues, S Catarino, B Cristóvão, L Rodrigues, FA Carvalho, ... The EMBO Journal 43 (17), 3627 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Cx43 can form functional channels at the nuclear envelope and modulate gene expression in cardiac cells T Martins-Marques, K Witschas, I Ribeiro, M Zuzarte, S Catarino, ... Open Biology 13 (11) , 2023 2023 Citations: 27
Cx43-mediated hyphal folding counteracts phagosome integrity loss during fungal infection B Cristovao, L Rodrigues, S Catarino, M Abreu, T Gonçalves, ... Microbiology Spectrum 11 (5), e01238-23 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Gap junction protein connexin43 forms channels at the nuclear envelope of cardiac cells and modulates transcriptome profile H Girao, T Martins-Marques, S Catarino, I Ribeiro, I Marques Carreira, ... EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 25, 9-10 , 2023 2023
Alvespimycin inhibits heat shock protein 90 and overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines R Alves, D Santos, J Jorge, AC Gonçalves, S Catarino, H Girão, JB Melo, ... Molecules 28 (3), 1210 , 2023 2023 Citations: 12
Cx43 promotes exocytosis of damaged lysosomes through actin remodelling N Domingues, S Catarino, B Cristovao, L Rodrigues, C Filomena, ... 2022 Citations: 3
Genetic determinants of arterial hypertension: A case of oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism S Catarino Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia 41 (11), 917-918 , 2022 2022
Cx43‐mediated sorting of miRNAs into extracellular vesicles T Martins‐Marques, MC Costa, S Catarino, I Simoes, T Aasen, FJ Enguita, ... The EMBO Reports 23 (7), EMBR202154312 , 2022 2022 Citations: 44
Validation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery BJS open 6 (1), zrab150 , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
Ubiquitin-Independent Binding to LC3/GABARAP Proteins S Catarino, TM Ribeiro-Rodrigues, RS Ferreira, J Ramalho, C Abert, ... Ubiquitin and Autophagy 2 (3), 265 , 2021 2021
P130 Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and risk of postoperative pneumonia: international, prospective cohort study EuroSurg Collaborative, EuroSurg Collaborative BJS Open 5 (Supplement_1), zrab032. 129 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study EuroSurg Collaborative, JC Glasbey, S Bibi, F Pata, BB Ozkan, ... Colorectal Disease 22 (12), 2288-2297 , 2020 2020 Citations: 10
Exosomes derived from microglia exposed to elevated pressure amplify the neuroinflammatory response in retinal cells ID Aires, T Ribeiro‐Rodrigues, R Boia, S Catarino, H Girão, AF Ambrósio, ... Glia 68 (12), 2705-2724 , 2020 2020 Citations: 64
EHD1 modulates Cx43 gap junction remodeling associated with cardiac diseases T Martins-Marques, S Catarino, A Gonçalves, D Miranda-Silva, ... Circulation research 126 (10), e97-e113 , 2020 2020 Citations: 69
A conserved LIR motif in connexins mediates ubiquitin-independent binding to LC3/GABARAP proteins S Catarino, TM Ribeiro-Rodrigues, R Sá Ferreira, J Ramalho, C Abert, ... Cells 9 (4), 902 , 2020 2020 Citations: 6
Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery Journal of British Surgery 107 (2), e161-e169 , 2020 2020 Citations: 72
Extracellular vesicles released by microglia exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure promote retinal neural cell loss and microglia reactivity AR Santiago, ID Aires, T Ribeiro-Rodrigues, R Boia, S Catarino, ... Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 60 (9), 4397-4397 , 2019 2019 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Gap junctional protein Cx43 is involved in the communication between extracellular vesicles and mammalian cells AR Soares, T Martins-Marques, T Ribeiro-Rodrigues, JV Ferreira, ... Scientific reports 5 (1), 13243 , 2015 2015 Citations: 240
Eps15 interacts with ubiquitinated Cx43 and mediates its internalization H Girão, S Catarino, P Pereira Experimental cell research 315 (20), 3587-3597 , 2009 2009 Citations: 136
Ischaemia-induced autophagy leads to degradation of gap junction protein connexin43 in cardiomyocytes. T Martins-Marques, S Catarino, M Zuzarte, C Marques, P Matafome, ... Biochemical Journal 467 (2) , 2015 2015 Citations: 98
MicroRNA-424 (322) as a new marker of disease progression in pulmonary arterial hypertension and its role in right ventricular hypertrophy by targeting SMURF1 R Baptista, C Marques, S Catarino, FJ Enguita, MC Costa, P Matafome, ... Cardiovascular research 114 (1), 53-64 , 2018 2018 Citations: 91
Molecular control of chaperone-mediated autophagy S Catarino, P Pereira, H Girao Essays in biochemistry 61 (6), 663-674 , 2017 2017 Citations: 82
Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery Journal of British Surgery 107 (2), e161-e169 , 2020 2020 Citations: 72
Ubiquitin-mediated internalization of connexin43 is independent of the canonical endocytic tyrosine-sorting signal S Catarino, JS Ramalho, C Marques, P Pereira, H Girão Biochemical Journal 437 (2), 255-267 , 2011 2011 Citations: 70
EHD1 modulates Cx43 gap junction remodeling associated with cardiac diseases T Martins-Marques, S Catarino, A Gonçalves, D Miranda-Silva, ... Circulation research 126 (10), e97-e113 , 2020 2020 Citations: 69
Exosomes derived from microglia exposed to elevated pressure amplify the neuroinflammatory response in retinal cells ID Aires, T Ribeiro‐Rodrigues, R Boia, S Catarino, H Girão, AF Ambrósio, ... Glia 68 (12), 2705-2724 , 2020 2020 Citations: 64
AMSH‐mediated deubiquitination of Cx43 regulates internalization and degradation of gap junctions TM Ribeiro‐Rodrigues, S Catarino, C Marques, JV Ferreira, ... The FASEB Journal 28 (11), 4629-4641 , 2014 2014 Citations: 51
Cx43‐mediated sorting of miRNAs into extracellular vesicles T Martins‐Marques, MC Costa, S Catarino, I Simoes, T Aasen, FJ Enguita, ... The EMBO Reports 23 (7), EMBR202154312 , 2022 2022 Citations: 44
Heart ischemia results in connexin43 ubiquitination localized at the intercalated discs T Martins-Marques, S Catarino, C Marques, P Matafome, ... Biochimie 112, 196-201 , 2015 2015 Citations: 44
Cx43 can form functional channels at the nuclear envelope and modulate gene expression in cardiac cells T Martins-Marques, K Witschas, I Ribeiro, M Zuzarte, S Catarino, ... Open Biology 13 (11) , 2023 2023 Citations: 27
To beat or not to beat: degradation of Cx43 imposes the heart rhythm T Martins-Marques, S Catarino, C Marques, P Pereira, H Girao Biochemical Society Transactions 43 (3), 476-481 , 2015 2015 Citations: 27
7-Ketocholesterol modulates intercellular communication through gap-junction in bovine lens epithelial cells H Girão, S Catarino, P Pereira Cell Communication and Signaling 2 (1), 2 , 2004 2004 Citations: 23
Connexin 43 ubiquitination determines the fate of gap junctions: restrict to survive TM Ribeiro-Rodrigues, S Catarino, MJ Pinho, P Pereira, H Girao Biochemical Society Transactions 43 (3), 471-475 , 2015 2015 Citations: 20
Connexin43 promotes exocytosis of damaged lysosomes through actin remodelling N Domingues, S Catarino, B Cristóvão, L Rodrigues, FA Carvalho, ... The EMBO Journal 43 (17), 3627 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Alvespimycin inhibits heat shock protein 90 and overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines R Alves, D Santos, J Jorge, AC Gonçalves, S Catarino, H Girão, JB Melo, ... Molecules 28 (3), 1210 , 2023 2023 Citations: 12
Regulation of the expression of interleukin‐8 induced by 25‐hydroxycholesterol in retinal pigment epithelium cells S Catarino, CF Bento, A Brito, E Murteira, AF Fernandes, P Pereira Acta Ophthalmologica 90 (4), e255-e263 , 2012 2012 Citations: 12
Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study EuroSurg Collaborative, JC Glasbey, S Bibi, F Pata, BB Ozkan, ... Colorectal Disease 22 (12), 2288-2297 , 2020 2020 Citations: 10