Deciphering the phytoconstituents of marine Amphiroa fragilissima: A comprehensive GC-MS, structural, spectroscopic, topological, and biological insights Renganathan Vijayan, Chinnadurai Veeramani, Mohammed A. Alsaif, Khalid S. Al-Numair, A. Thanikasalam, A. Ram Kumar, S. Selvaraj, Palanivel Velmurugan, Ramalingam Karthik Raja Next Materials, 2026 In this study, Amphiroa fragilissima, a red macroalga from marine sources, was subjected to GC-MS analysis to detail the existence of bioactive phytoconstituents. The peak compound cholesteryl propionate was investigated using combined theoretical (DFT) and experimental spectroscopic approaches to emphasize the vibrational, biological, structural, solvent effect in electronic, MEP (molecular electrostatic potential), FMO (frontier molecular orbitals) properties, and topological insights. The structural framework of cholesteryl propionate comprises 172 and 85 bond angles and distances, respectively. The vibrational wavenumbers revealed characteristic peaks of CH 3 , CH 2 , CH, and CO functional groups. The electronic spectra were recorded in gas and solvent environments, showing significant π→π* transitions. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps were calculated at 6.1426 eV (gas), 6.2104 eV (ethanol), and 6.2398 eV (chloroform), reflecting solvent-induced electronic stabilization. In Mulliken electron distribution, the carbonyl carbon (C28) exhibited a high positive charge (0.6157e) due to electron withdrawal by the electronegative oxygen atom. The color maps of ELF and LOL demonstrate localized covalent interactions and electron delocalization around the steroidal framework. Cholesteryl propionate complies with Lipinski’s rule supporting its drug-likeness properties. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis demonstrates inhibitory activity against antiapoptotic proteins, confirming its potential in-silico anti-proliferative characteristics. • Fractions from hexane extract of Amphiroa fragilissima revealed the presence of phytocompounds. • The TD-DFT calculation highlights the solvent impact on electronic and FMO properties. • The electron-rich and poor regions within the molecular structure were investigated. • The localized and delocalized regions were calculated using topological analysis. • Molecular docking revealed the binding affinity of cholesteryl propionate with antiapoptotic proteins.
Hybrid epoxy polymer composites with bamboo fiber and crab shell particulates: mechanical and tribological behaviour B. Deepanraj, N. Senthilkumar, Palanivendhan Murugadoss, G. Perumal, A. Thanikasalam, Muhammad Asad Results in Engineering, 2026 • Sustainable biodegradable composite was developed using marine waste crab shell (CS) and biofiller in epoxy+bamboo fiber composite • FTIR verifies epoxy ether linkages, hydrogen-bonding with bamboo fibers, and CaCO3 from CS particulates with effective interfacial interactions. • SEM shows void-filling/bridging by CS up to 6 wt.% with uniform dispersion; porosity and water absorption declines with gain in mechanical properties • Improved tribological behaviour attaining lower wear loss and improved CoF with wear track transitioning to mild abrasion. • Synergistic Orowan strengthening, crack deflection, and improved load transfer deliver peak performance at 6 wt.% CS; 9 wt.% causes agglomeration and property decline. The tribological, physical, and mechanical characteristics of epoxy polymer reinforced with crab shell (CS) particulates and bamboo fiber (BF) towards development of hybrid biocomposites (HBCs) was investigated in this study. Hand layup and compression moulding approaches were adopted for fabricating the sustainable HBCs. The BF content was maintained at 15 wt.%, with varying concentrations of CSs (0, 3, 6, and 9 wt.%) to formulate environmentally sustainable HBCs. The CS addition to epoxy-BF improved the stiffness, mechanical, water absorption, wear resilience, and load-bearing capability of HBCs. The HBC containing 6 wt.% CS established ideal performance, exhibiting greater impact (106.4 J/m), tensile (29.084 MPa), flexural (51.603 MPa), and compressive (26.88 MPa) strengths, with minimal porosity and wear depth (0.333% and 80.81 µm). CS biofillers amended interfacial connection across matrix and BFs enhanced better load distribution and fracture toughness. The CS particulates seal the voids by functioning as barriers thereby lowering porosity and limits water penetration thereby lowering water intake. The inherent surface hardness of CS suggestively improved the hardness and reduced wear. In comparison with epoxy+15%BF, the epoxy+15%BF+6%CS composite develops lower porosity, water absorption, % elongation and wear resilience and friction coefficient by 76.74, 64.89, 23.49, 52.59, and 18.09% with enhanced flexural, tensile, hardness, compression, and impact strengths by 13.09, 28.89, 6.49, 71.81, and 8.02%. The results emphasize the possibility of BF and CS-based HBCs as sustainable, reusable, and lightweight materials ideal for applications like automobile interior panels, seat cushions, non-structural marine interiors, ornamental boards, and advertising platforms.
Ultrasound-assisted microwave carbonization of neem biomass for fluorescent carbon dots in integrated crop growth and pest management Yuvaraj Tamilselvi, Thirunavukkarasu Rubasri, Senthilvelan Keerthana, Balasubramaniyan Pavithra, Moorthy Muruganandham, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Palanivel Velmurugan, Jeyanthi Rebecca L, Arumugam Thanikasalam, Seema Siddharthan, Manickam Sivakumar, Pang Cheng Heng, Babu Joseph Carbon Trends, 2026 The fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) poses a serious threat to global maize production, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals. In order to create a multipurpose nano-agrochemical platform for combined crop protection and growth improvement, neem-derived fluorescent carbon dots (NCDs) with abundant surface functional groups were synthesized and evaluated for their multifunctional agricultural applications. Due to their consistent shape, graphitic characteristics, and profusion of surface functional groups, the resultant NCDs had improved bioactivity and great water stability. Strong insecticidal and feeding deterrent effects against S. frugiperda larvae were demonstrated by the synthesized NCDs, coupled with noteworthy antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against important maize phytopathogens. Furthermore, studies on seed priming and foliar spray in both pot and field settings showed significant increases in maize production, biomass buildup, chlorophyll content, and germination while also lowering damage from pests. At moderate treatment doses, optimal physiological performance was indicated by a concentration-dependent response. All things considered, this work demonstrates that ultrasonically produced neem carbon dots are a scalable, environmentally benign, and multipurpose nanoplatform that can simultaneously increase crop productivity and inhibit pests and diseases. The results lend credence to their possible use in precision-based and sustainable maize farming systems.
Optimizing Coating Thickness and Tool Geometry in Turning Nano Hybrid Aluminium Composite: A Numerical Simulation Approach C. Dhanesh, A. Thanikasalam, Palanivendhan Murugadoss, C. K. Dhinakarraj, Muhammad Azhar Ali Khan, Abdul Aziz Afzal Engineering Advanced Materials for Manufacturing Energy and Smart Systems, 2026 This study employs a numerical model of the turning procedure and optimized for ideal coating thickness and tool geometry during the machining of aluminium composites. Tungsten carbide (WC) is coated with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) ceramic and considered for machining aluminium alloy 6061 reinforced with silicon carbide and multiwalled carbon nanotube (AA6061+15%SiC+3%MWCNT) reinforced composite by wt.%. Three coating thicknesses (5, 10, and 15 µm) were considered with relief angle (2, 4, and 6°), and nose edge radius (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm). An orthogonal array developed by Taguchi (L9) served as the basis for the experiments, and the output responses, temperature at interface (IT), and resultant cutting forces (RCF) were optimized using signal-to-noise ratio. Observation shows that the RCF and IF tend to lower with lower coating thickness. In contrast, a moderate 4° relief angle and lower (0.4 mm) nose radius deliver lower RCF and lesser IT
INVESTIGATION OF THE EMISSION AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH DUAL BIODIESEL BLENDS , S. Thirumalvalavan, A. Thanikasalam, , N. Senthilkumar, , K. Sabari, , M. Yuvaperiyasamy, and Advanced Engineering Letters, 2025 This research examines the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine fueled by dual biodiesel blends sourced from Pongamia pinnata oil (PPO) and Hevea brasiliensis oil (HBO). Biodiesel blends were formulated in proportions of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (B10–B100) and evaluated against regular diesel (D100) in a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, water-cooled engine operating at 1500 rpm under varying loads. B10 exhibited the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at 14.44%, in contrast to 13.34% for diesel and 12% for B100. The mechanical efficiency attained a maximum of 74.26% for B80/B100, comparable to the diesel efficiency of 74.8%. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with higher biodiesel percentages and remained relatively constant at elevated engine loads. Emission studies demonstrated a significant decrease in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions at full load when utilizing biodiesel blends, with recorded values of 1245 ppm for diesel, 307 ppm for B10, and 601 ppm for B60. Unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions peaked at 103 ppm for B100, whereas diesel exhibited 28 ppm. Higher blends of biodiesel, specifically B40 and B60, resulted in reductions of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 0.07% and 0.10%, respectively. Notably, CO2 emissions were lower in B10–B60 blends by 2.1–3.7% relative to diesel. B10 also demonstrated the lowest smoke opacity due to improved diffusive combustion. These findings indicate that dual biodiesel blends, particularly B10 and B20, are promising diesel alternatives offering enhanced combustion performance and reduced emissions without requiring engine modifications.
Online tool condition monitoring and optimizing of process parameters for surface integrity and hole quality in deep hole drilling process Journal of the Balkan Tribological Association, 2019
Friction stir welding of an AZ31-silicon nitride magnesium composite: finite element simulation approach P Azhagiri, M Kumaresan, CK Dhinakarraj, A Thanikasalam, B Deepanraj, ... Interactions 247 (1), 238 , 2026 2026
Performance evaluation of AZ61/nZnO composite: insights into squeeze casting JS Chohan, H Sarangi, R Subramanyam, S Magibalan, A Thanikasalam, ... Interactions 247 (1), 201 , 2026 2026
Deciphering the phytoconstituents of marine Amphiroa fragilissima: A comprehensive GC-MS, structural, spectroscopic, topological, and biological insights R Vijayan, C Veeramani, MA Alsaif, KS Al-Numair, A Thanikasalam, ... Next Materials 12, 102152 , 2026 2026
Valorization of waste cooking oil and coconut coir into bio-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications S Thanikodi, R Saravanan, MI Al-Maaitah, J Rajabov, R Maranan, ... Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, 1-13 , 2026 2026
Mechanically robust Ti₃C₂Tₓ/WSe₂ asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor for high-energy wearable biosensing systems A Natarajan, A Kumar, J Somlal, MC Patel, N Rakesh, A Thanikasalam Interactions 247 (1), 216 , 2026 2026
High-performance sustainable AA6061–SiC–AlN hybrid composites reinforced with bamboo-derived AlN SK Shanmugam, A Kumar, N Singh, MC Patel, PR Prasad, ... Interactions 247 (1), 199 , 2026 2026
Hybrid Epoxy Polymer Composites with Bamboo Fiber and Crab Shell Particulates: Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour B Deepanraj, N Senthilkumar, P Murugadoss, G Perumal, ... Results in Engineering, 110381 , 2026 2026
Ultrasound-Assisted Microwave Carbonization of Neem Biomass for Fluorescent Carbon Dots in Integrated Crop Growth and Pest Management Y Tamilselvi, T Rubasri, S Keerthana, B Pavithra, M Muruganandham, ... Carbon Trends, 100633 , 2026 2026
Compression and corrosion characterization of Al-B4C-TiO 2 hybrid composites for marine superstructure applications S Krishnakumar, A Thanikasalam, V Mohanavel, T Senthilvelan, ... Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1-10 , 2026 2026
Optimizing Coating Thickness and Tool Geometry in Turning Nano Hybrid Aluminium Composite: A Numerical Simulation Approach C Dhanesh, A Thanikasalam, P Murugadoss, CK Dhinakarraj, MAA Khan, ... Engineering Advanced Materials for Manufacturing, Energy, and Smart Systems … , 2026 2026
Morphological and Tribological Properties of Hemp Fiber strengthened PLA Composites Incorporating Seashell Bio-Filler. P Chandramohan, P Vasanthkumar, CK Dhinakarraj, A Thanikasalam, ... Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review 18 (6) , 2025 2025
Effect of bidirectional fiber incorporation on tensile properties and drilling parameter optimization of cellulose bio fibers and glass fiber thermoset composites RM Reddy, A Thanikasalam, V Mohanavel, VC Varma, S Kannan, ... Results in Engineering 27, 105741 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
A comprehensive analysis of mechanical improvements in hemp fiber reinforced polymer composite T Leonila, N Ramakrishnan, A Thanikasalam, S Subbu, S Bhattaru, ... AIP Conference Proceedings 3263 (1), 160003 , 2025 2025
Study on the process parameters of delamination on novel madar/ramie fibers reinforced MgO nanoparticles blended epoxy matrix composite V Mohanavel, A Thanikasalam, T Raja, M Ravichandran, M Ayyar, ... Results in Engineering 25, 103738 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Using Parametric Optimization N Senthilkumar, S Santhanakrishnan, B Deepanraj, A Thanikasalam Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Advancements in … , 2024 2024
of Epoxy-Nanoclay-Kenaf Fiber Polymer Composites N Senthilkumar¹, A Thanikasalam, K Stalin, M Ramamurthy High-performance Sustainable Materials and Structures: Processing … , 2024 2024
Extraction of novel biosilica from finger millet husk and its coconut rachilla-reinforced epoxy biocomposite: mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic behaviour P Sivamurugan, R Selvam, M Pandian, MS Ashraf, IS Chakrapani, ... Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 14 (13), 14251-14259 , 2024 2024 Citations: 38
Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy-Nanoclay-Kenaf Fiber Polymer Composites N Senthilkumar, A Thanikasalam, K Stalin, M Ramamurthy, P Lazar International Conference on Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Structures … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Thermal Studies on Palm Fibre and Rice Husk Ash Ash-Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite N Senthilkumar, A Thanikasalam, K Stalin, M Ramamurthy, P Lazar International Conference on Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Structures … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Experimental analysis on drilling of super duplex stainless steel 2507 (SDSS 2507) using cryogenic LCO 2 and MQL process T Kanagaraju, LG Babu, VM Madhavan, V Sivaraman, B Gowthaman, ... Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 14 (3), 3987-3998 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Extraction of novel biosilica from finger millet husk and its coconut rachilla-reinforced epoxy biocomposite: mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic behaviour P Sivamurugan, R Selvam, M Pandian, MS Ashraf, IS Chakrapani, ... Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 14 (13), 14251-14259 , 2024 2024 Citations: 38
Parametric optimization of deep-hole drilling on AISI 1045 steel and online tool condition monitoring using an accelerometer N Arunkumar, A Thanikasalam, V Sankaranarayanan, E Senthilkumar Materials and Manufacturing Processes 33 (16), 1751-1764 , 2018 2018 Citations: 20
Experimental analysis on drilling of super duplex stainless steel 2507 (SDSS 2507) using cryogenic LCO 2 and MQL process T Kanagaraju, LG Babu, VM Madhavan, V Sivaraman, B Gowthaman, ... Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 14 (3), 3987-3998 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
Multiple response optimization of machining parameters in turning nimonic C263 using TOPSIS approach SL Kumar, M Subburaj, A Kulandaivel, PM Kumar, A Thanikasalam, ... Materials Today: Proceedings 59, 1414-1419 , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
Thermo-gravimetric analysis on stainless steel mesh wire/glass fibre strengthened epoxy matrix hybrid composite laminate AT N. Karunagaran, T. Shaafi, C. Thiagarajan, R. Suthan, G. Ramya Devi AIP Conference Proceedings 2690 (020031 (2023)) , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Online tool condition monitoring and optimizing of process parameters for surface integrity and hole quality in deep hole drilling process A Thanikasalam, N Arunkumar, R Vijayaraj, V Sankaranarayanan, ... J Balk Tribol Assoc 25, 1-30 , 2019 2019 Citations: 6
Multi Response Optimization of Process Parameters in Cryogenic Co2 Grinding Using TOPSIS Method EJ Thanikasalam A International Journal of Advance Science and Technology 29 (No. 10S, (2020 … , 2020 2020 Citations: 4
Study on the process parameters of delamination on novel madar/ramie fibers reinforced MgO nanoparticles blended epoxy matrix composite V Mohanavel, A Thanikasalam, T Raja, M Ravichandran, M Ayyar, ... Results in Engineering 25, 103738 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Mechanical Characterization of Epoxy-Nanoclay-Kenaf Fiber Polymer Composites N Senthilkumar, A Thanikasalam, K Stalin, M Ramamurthy, P Lazar International Conference on Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Structures … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Optimization of drilling process parameters on epoxy matrix hybrid composite laminate reinforced with glass fibre/stainless steel wire mesh AM N. Karunagaran, C. Thiagarajan, T. Shaafi, R. Suthan, A. Thanikasalam AIP Conference Proceedings 20030 (2690) , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Comparison of Al2O3-reinforced sintered and extruded AA2014 nano-hybrid composite particle size effects on mechanical and metallurgical characteristics B Ramesh, S Vempati, P Roshith, A Thanikasalam ECS Transactions 107 (1), 4077 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Effect of bidirectional fiber incorporation on tensile properties and drilling parameter optimization of cellulose bio fibers and glass fiber thermoset composites RM Reddy, A Thanikasalam, V Mohanavel, VC Varma, S Kannan, ... Results in Engineering 27, 105741 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Thermal Studies on Palm Fibre and Rice Husk Ash Ash-Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite N Senthilkumar, A Thanikasalam, K Stalin, M Ramamurthy, P Lazar International Conference on Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Structures … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Effect of silicon carbide on wear characteristics of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites K Arul, T Michelraj, M Subburaj, A Thanikasalam, J Elanchezhian, ... AIP Conference Proceedings 2405 (1), 050005 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Studies on the effects of bluff body materials in scramjet applications A Shankar, A Kulandaivel, M Charles, SL Kumar, A Thanikasalam, ... Materials Today: Proceedings 59, 1367-1378 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Friction stir welding of an AZ31-silicon nitride magnesium composite: finite element simulation approach P Azhagiri, M Kumaresan, CK Dhinakarraj, A Thanikasalam, B Deepanraj, ... Interactions 247 (1), 238 , 2026 2026
Performance evaluation of AZ61/nZnO composite: insights into squeeze casting JS Chohan, H Sarangi, R Subramanyam, S Magibalan, A Thanikasalam, ... Interactions 247 (1), 201 , 2026 2026
Deciphering the phytoconstituents of marine Amphiroa fragilissima: A comprehensive GC-MS, structural, spectroscopic, topological, and biological insights R Vijayan, C Veeramani, MA Alsaif, KS Al-Numair, A Thanikasalam, ... Next Materials 12, 102152 , 2026 2026
Valorization of waste cooking oil and coconut coir into bio-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications S Thanikodi, R Saravanan, MI Al-Maaitah, J Rajabov, R Maranan, ... Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, 1-13 , 2026 2026
Mechanically robust Ti₃C₂Tₓ/WSe₂ asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor for high-energy wearable biosensing systems A Natarajan, A Kumar, J Somlal, MC Patel, N Rakesh, A Thanikasalam Interactions 247 (1), 216 , 2026 2026