Hydrogen in Power Generation: Fuel Cells and Combustion Muthudineshkumar Ramaswamy, Vinoth Thangarasu, C. Ponmurugan Muthusamy, S. Jaisankar, T. Balamurugan, K. Manoj Prabhakar, Santhoshkumar, Gnana Sagaya Raj Hydrogen Energy Production and Fuel Generation, 2025 The electricity generation and transportation sectors account for around 65% of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, hence decarbonizing both sectors is crucial to combating climate change. The energy environment is changing in favor of low-emission, carbon-free alternative fuels. Although 96% of the world's hydrogen production is still reliant on traditional fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel is becoming increasingly acknowledged as a viable alternative for fuel cells and combustion engines, despite the restricted scope of present hydrogen-based decarbonization. The synthesis of green hydrogen has been investigated using a variety of renewable techniques involving biomass and water. New developments suggest that significant decarbonization can be accomplished in the transportation and power generation industries. More than 300,000 fuel cell appliances for producing hot water and electricity have reportedly been sold, and hydrogen-fuelled cars are already available in a number of nations. The objective of this chapter is to present a comprehensive analysis of the possible uses of hydrogen in transportation and power generation systems. It explores current R&D developments and highlights the technological challenges that must be overcome for the smooth integration of hydrogen as a main fuel source. The focus will be on scrutinizing the applications of hydrogen in power generation and transportation, particularly through the use of fuel cells, gas turbines, and internal combustion engines (ICEs).
OPTIMIZATION of WEAR STUDIES on LASER CLADDED AZ61 MAGNESIUM ALLOY with NANO-TITANIUM DIOXIDE USING GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS S. SUNDARASELVAN, N. SENTHILKUMAR, K. RAJKUMAR, T. BALAMURUGAN Surface Review and Letters, 2023 Laser cladding (LC) is mostly employed to enhance the wear resistance of magnesium alloy substrates. Adding nanoparticles will further strengthen the tribo surface properties, making them suitable for applications requiring lightweight components. This work investigated a dry sliding wear analysis for the laser-cladded AZ61 magnesium alloy with TiO2 nanoparticles at different volume ratios through the LC method. The spatial dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles in the AZ61 magnesium alloy microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reinforcement ratio, sliding speed, and normal load were selected to study the tribo performance of the cladded surface. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss analyses were performed using a pin on the disc dry sliding wear test. The effect of dry sliding variables on reinforcement ratio was analyzed with an orthogonal array experimental design. Grey relational analysis (GRA) studied multiple wear test responses to reveal optimal conditions to decrease the wear and friction coefficient of the AZ61 laser cladded surface. The reinforcement percentage of nanoceramic TiO2 particles in the AZ61 alloy surface was the most significant factor, contributing 97.76%, followed by a contribution of 0.26% by sliding speed and a normal load of 1.82%, confirmed with the grey relational grade. Both SEM and GRA confirmed that the reinforcement ratio of 10% exhibited lower wear loss and friction coefficient. The revealed wear mechanism operating on the worn surface of laser-cladded AZ61 magnesium alloy was micro-grooving exerted by a counter surface at all sliding conditions. This study shows that the LC of magnesium alloys will be preferred in sliding seal and lightweight gear applications.
Biodiesel derived from corn oil – A fuel substitute for diesel T. Balamurugan, A. Arun, G.B. Sathishkumar Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018 In present scenario, consumption of energy is steadily increasing in all sectors due to increase in population and improved lifestyle. Ever growing demand for energy results in increasing of dependency over fossil fuels. The depleting nature of such energy sources and increasing nature of energy demand are causing serious energy concerns about the future energy security. Use of biodiesel may be one of the solutions to overcome the future energy demand, and production of biodiesel is an interesting avenue for researchers. In this research work, since corn oil has comparable properties of diesel, an attempt was made to produce biodiesel from corn oil and evaluate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine using corn oil biodiesel blended with diesel at different proportions as fuel. The outcome of this research work revealed that the production of biodiesel from corn oil is possible and the experimental observations resulted in a comparable performance, combustion and emission parameters with those of diesel.
Experimental study on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke diesel engine using blended fuel T. Balamurugan, R. Nalini International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2016 In day today's applications, it is obligatory to devise the usage of diesel in an economic and environmentally benign way. The present work was aimed at studying the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a four-stroke diesel engine by adding n-pentane at different proportions such as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by volume with diesel. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics obtained from the experiment revealed that the addition of n-pentane augments the brake thermal efficiency of the engine. At full load, the brake thermal efficiency increased by 3.17% for an addition of 6% n-pentane, 4.31% for an addition of 8% n-pentane and 6.36% for an addition of 10% n-pentane. From the emission test, it was concluded that at full load, the NOx emission decreased by 8.67% for an addition of 6% n-pentane, 17.43% for an addition of 8% n-pentane and 18.09% for an addition of 10% n-pentane.
Experimental investigation on the effect of alkanes blending on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of four-stroke diesel engine T. Balamurugan, R. Nalini International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2016 In this experimental investigation, an attempt was made to increase the performance and reduce the emission by adding alkanes such as n-pentane and n-hexane separately at different proportions, such as 4%, 6% and 8% by volume, with diesel. The performance analysis reported that, at full load, the brake thermal efficiency was increased by 3.605%, 3.170%, 4.305%, 4.394%, 5.336% and 6.173% for the blending of 4% n-pentane, 6% n-pentane, 8% n-pentane, 4% n-hexane, 6% n-hexane and 8% n-hexane with diesel, respectively. The emission test concluded that the smoke density was increased by 9.915%, 9.905%, 6.325%, 9.573%, 6.154% and 5.983% for the blending of 4% n-pentane, 6% n-pentane, 8% n-pentane, 4% n-hexane, 6% n-hexane and 8% n-hexane with diesel, respectively. The NOx emission was decreased by 8.265%, 8.674%, 17.430%, 5.401%, 5.810% and 7.529% for the blending of 4% n-pentane, 6% n-pentane, 8% n-pentane, 4% n-hexane, 6% n-hexane and 8% n-hexane with diesel, respectively.
Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of four stroke diesel engine using diesel blended with alcohol as fuel T. Balamurugan, R. Nalini Energy, 2014 In today's application, it is obligatory to formulate the use of diesel in an environmentally benevolent manner. So, in this experimental study, an attempt was made to increase the performance and reduce the exhaust emission by blending various alcohols such as n-propanol and n-butanol separately at different proportions like 4% and 8% by volume with diesel, also to compare the effect of blending n-propanol and n-butanol separately with diesel, on performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics observed while using blended fuels were analyzed and compared with that of diesel as fuel without adding alcohols. From the performance analysis, it was reported that, at 80% load, the brake thermal efficiency was increased by 1.579%, 7.635%, 8.917% and 10.518% for the addition of 4% n-propanol, 8% n-propanol, 4% n-butanol and 8% n-butanol with diesel respectively. The emission test concluded that, the smoke density was increased by 12.891%, 5.078%, 11.338% and 14.063% for the addition of 4% n-propanol, 8% n-propanol, 4% n-butanol and 8% n-butanol with diesel respectively. The NOx emission was decreased by 6.098%, 19.665%, 11.585% and 14.329% for the addition of 4% n-propanol, 8% n-propanol, 4% n-butanol and 8% n-butanol with diesel respectively.
Effect of blending alcohol with diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of four stroke diesel engine-an experimental study International Journal of Chemtech Research, 2014
