Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste to Plastic Oil: A Future Source of Fuel Vadiraj K T, Alfin K Tom, Sumitha E, Yuvaraj S, Raghu Ram Achar Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environment Systems, 2025 The worldwide surge of plastic manufacture and consumption has increased waste multifold, leading to environmental contamination and severe health implications . Furthermore, the manufacture of plastic from petroleum products depletes nonrenewable fossil resources, contributing to a significant volume of plastic waste. There are several strategic methods for reprocessing or recycling plastic to convert plastic waste to fuel. However, many problems related to recycling methods for waste plastics, such as the labor cost of the separation process, also cause water pollution. Because of these problems, researchers are focusing their attention on the retrieval process to compensate for the energy demand. Plastic waste alteration to energy has been achieved after substantial study and technical progress. Through pyrolysis, plastic can be retrieved as waste plastic oil, which has enormous promise as fuel with high calorific value compared with commercial oil and petroleum. The pyrolysis of plastic has been examined and reported with the primary objective of obtaining oil char and other byproducts. This review paper examines, various reaction parameters, such as the temperature residence, pressure, duration, reactor type, fluidized gas type, flow rates, and catalysts, are examined and presented. Based on analysis of these factors, this review paper demonstrates the different aspects for improving plastic-to-liquid technology in the production of high-value liquid oil from many types of waste plastics. Additionally, it discusses the problems concerning recycling methods such as labor costs, water pollution, and others. It also bridges the gap between current inefficiencies related to recycling plastic waste and practical requirements in need of viable energy solutions.
Assessment of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel blend: Properties, performance and optimal blend ratio Kadumanadka Srithejas, Vikram Athreya, Pathirimadam Santhamallappa Prajwal, Raghu Ram Achar, Kalya Tulasidas Vadiraj Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2025 Biodiesel has gained a lot of attention recently as a clean alternative to traditional diesel.However, the scarcity of feedstock is the primary reason for concern regarding its manufacturing cost.Due to the substantial expense of raw materials compared to fossil fuels, the cost of biodiesel produced via transesterification from virgin vegetable oil is greater.Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) has been utilized as a feedstock recently in an effort to reduce the price of biodiesel.NaOH is typically utilized as an alkaline catalyst due to its cheaper cost and faster pace of reaction.After producing biofuels and characterizing them, performance was assessed by blending them with diesel.Extensive studies of fuel analysis were conducted on a range of mixtures starting from B5 to B30 with a 5% change in blend of bio-fuel to diesel.From the study, it was found that the B30 blend has the maximum deviation of properties when compared to diesel fuel.The kinematic viscosity of theee B30 fuel was 47% higher than the diesel.The diesel has a 3.5% higher calorific value compared to B30, which will affect the specific fuel consumption of the engine.The flashpoint of the B30 blend was 24% higher than the diesel, which leads to easy fuel transport.The density of both diesel and B30 blends exhibits very little change of about 0.7%.Comparing the blend with diesel, it was observed that the characteristics of blends up to B20 are much closer to diesel fuel.Beyond B20, the properties deviated rapidly, which will affect the performance and the emission characteristics of the engine.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Female Reproductive Health Kalya T. Vadiraj, Nitin Kalsi Rajashekara, Bindu Jayashankaraswamy, Rajesh V. Mathad, Raghu Nataraj Public Health and Life Environment, 2024 A worldwide occurrence, climate change has profound effects on many facets of human existence, including health. The frequently disregarded relationship between climate change and female reproductive health is the major topic of this review. The reproductive health of women has particular challenges due to climate change, which is also linked to extreme weather events and environmental degradation. Maternal and child health outcomes are jeopardized, access to reproductive healthcare services is restricted, and healthcare infrastructure is disrupted as a result of rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. Furthermore, alterations in environmental factors have the potential to worsen the existing disparities in reproductive health, with a disproportionate impact on marginalized communities. A comprehensive strategy that incorporates gender-sensitive legislation, community resilience-building, and climate change mitigation techniques is needed to address the psychosocial effects of climate change on women. Understanding the intersectionality of vulnerabilities and addressing the particular difficulties experienced by women in various situations are crucial. A comprehensive strategy that takes into account sustainable farming methods, healthcare access, economic empowerment, and nutritional education is needed to address the complex interactions between food security and female fertility behavior. Communities' general growth and well-being can benefit from policies and initiatives that work to enhance both food security and reproductive health. One should keep in mind that this field is complex and constantly changing, and our understanding of these relationships is always expanding. The current review delves into the various ways that climate change affects the health of women through direct and indirect pathways. These include changes in fertility rates, elevated risks of unfavourable pregnancy outcomes, and increased rates of maternal illness and mortality.
Measurement of Fluoride Ion Release From Restorative Material Using an Ion-Selective Electrode and Ultraviolet–Visible Light Spectrophotometer Vinutha Manjunath, Raveena P. John, Vidya G. Doddawad, Paras Mull Gehlot, Raghu Ram Achar, K. T. Vadiraj Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2024 Background: Importance of fluoride in dental restorative materials for preventing secondary caries. Several commercially available tooth-colored dental restorative materials, such as glass ionomer cement, resin composites, and compomers were used for this study. Aim: To evaluate the amount of fluoride release from tooth-colored restorative materials [Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GC Fuji II)], Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement (ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE), and Giomer (BEAUTIFIL II LS)] using ion-selective electrode (ISE) and spectrophotometer using zirconyl alizarin red dye method. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 extracted premolars were divided into two control groups and four experimental groups. Group I: GC Fuji II/ISE; Group II: BEAUTIFIL II LS/ISE; Group III: ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE/ISE; Group IV: GC Fuji II/Spectrophotometer; Group V: BEAUTIFIL II LS/Spectrophotometer; and Group VI: ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE/Spectrophotometer. The amount of fluoride released was analyzed using an ion-selective elective method and spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc tests (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Groups I and IV exhibited the highest fluoride release (1.42 and 1.12 ppm), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with Groups II and V, which showed the least using both methods. The fluoride release pattern of ACTIVA BioACTIVE (Groups III and VI) restorative was significantly lower than that of glass ionomers and showed no significant difference from the giomers groups (Groups II and IV). Conclusion: Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) showed the highest fluoride release followed by enhanced resin-modified GIC and giomer irrespective of the methods used. Fluoride ion concentration values obtained from the ISE method, and spectrophotometer method were comparable. Alizarin red dye can be used as an alternative to sulfanilic acid azochromotrop dye for the estimation of the release of fluoride ions from dental materials, which is known to be sensitive and much more economical compared with the latter.
A Sustainable Way for Integrated Farming System: A Case Study on Bellary District of Karnataka, India Haripriya Holachi, Harsha Tandoti Sathyanarayanaroa, Raghu Ram Achar, Vadiraj Kalya Tulasidas World Journal of Environmental Biosciences, 2023 Sustainable development is a concept that strives to gain economic progress and to make developments in agriculture that stays for long without harming the environment. while conserving the soil biodiversity and environmental prolonged value. It also serves as a framework for integrating environmental regulations with development initiatives. Recently, there has been a pressing need to embrace greater sustainable farming methods, and a logical evaluation method is required to identify innovative
Extraction of Alcohols from Non-Edible Agricultural Weed, Lignocellulouic Feedstock-Alternanthera caracasana Shree Raksha Yadav Malthesh, Raghu Ram Achar, Archer Ann Cathrine, Kalya Tulasidas Vadiraj World Journal of Environmental Biosciences, 2023 Since natural resources for fossil fuels are getting harder to find, bioethanol has become one of the most promising and attractive liquid fuels. Bioethanol, which can be made from lignocellulosic materials, is getting more and more attention because it is easy to get, cheap, environmentally friendly, and beneficial. Bioethanol is the perfect fuel substitute in our view. Bioethanol is a cleaner-burning fuel with the potential to match gasoline's performance in internal combustion engines. Ac
Spectrophotometric determination of copper (II) in industrial effluent samples using sulfanilic acid as a ligand system Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 2014
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for the Treatment of Industrial Dyes KT Vadiraj, HP Shivaraju Advanced Oxidation Processes in Dye-Containing Wastewater: Volume 2 2, 233 , 2022 2022
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Azadirchta excelsa seed oil, a potential non-conventional biodiesel feedstock T Lhawang, S Sirigeri, S Menon, KT Vadiraj Environmental Challenges 3, 100057 , 2021 2021 Citations: 12
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Spectrophotometric determination of copper (II) in industrial effluent samples using sulfanilic acid as a ligand system KT Vadiraj, SL Belagali Bulgarian Chemical Communications 46 (3), 447-451 , 2014 2014 Citations: 11
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Biodiesel production from various nonedible plant seeds via transesterification process as an alternate feedstock A Benny, R Achar, TS Harsha, KT Vadiraj Handbook of Emerging Materials for Sustainable Energy, 451-466 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
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Photoluminescence and applications of Ni: ZnS in photovoltaic cells VK Tulasidas, SL Belagali, A Palakkandy, K Kumar Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 57 (5), 052302 , 2018 2018 Citations: 5
Measurement of fluoride ion release from restorative material using an ion-selective electrode and ultraviolet–visible light spectrophotometer V Manjunath, RP John, VG Doddawad, PM Gehlot, RR Achar, KT Vadiraj Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 14 (6 … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
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Photoluminescence behavior of manganese doped zinc sulphide, synthesized by hydrothermal process KT Vadiraj, SL Belagali Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (11), 11696-11699 , 2017 2017 Citations: 4
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Detoxification of Sunset yellow and Brilliant blue dyes using Soybean peroxidases S Sharma, KT Vadiraj, MB Ravi, C Shivamallu, RR Achar Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 4, 100215 , 2021 2021 Citations: 3