VENKATACHALAM Nallusamy

@velalarengg.ac.in

Associate Professor of Chemistry/Faculty of Science and Humanities
Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Thindal, Erode

VENKATACHALAM Nallusamy


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https://researchid.co/venruba

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Environmental Chemistry, Materials Science, Biomaterials, Water Science and Technology
19

Scopus Publications

2049

Scholar Citations

16

Scholar h-index

17

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Retraction notice to Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by Zr4+ doped nano TiO2 Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical Volume 266, Issues 1–2, 2 April 2007, Pages 158-165 (Journal of Molecular Catalysis. A, Chemical (2007) 266(1–2) (158–165), (S1381116906013264), (10.1016/j.molcata.2006.10.051))
    N. Venkatachalam, M. Palanichamy, Banumathi Arabindoo, V. Murugesan
    Molecular Catalysis, 2022
  • Upconverting and NIR emitting rare earth based nanostructures for NIR-bioimaging
    Eva Hemmer, Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Hiroshi Hyodo, Akito Hattori, Yoshie Ebina, Hidehiro Kishimoto, Kohei Soga
    Nanoscale, 2013
    In recent years, significant progress was achieved in the field of nanomedicine and bioimaging, but the development of new biomarkers for reliable detection of diseases at an early stage, molecular imaging, targeting and therapy remains crucial. The disadvantages of commonly used organic dyes include photobleaching, autofluorescence, phototoxicity and scattering when UV (ultraviolet) or visible light is used for excitation. The limited penetration depth of the excitation light and the visible emission into and from the biological tissue is a further drawback with regard to in vivo bioimaging. Lanthanide containing inorganic nanostructures emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) range under NIR excitation may overcome those problems. Due to the outstanding optical and magnetic properties of lanthanide ions (Ln(3+)), nanoscopic host materials doped with Ln(3+), e.g. Y2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+), are promising candidates for NIR-NIR bioimaging. Ln(3+)-doped gadolinium-based inorganic nanostructures, such as Gd2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+), have a high potential as opto-magnetic markers allowing the combination of time-resolved optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of high spatial resolution. Recent progress in our research on over-1000 nm NIR fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo NIR-NIR bioimaging will be discussed in this review.
  • Er 3+-doped y 2 O 3 nanophosphors for near-infrared fluorescence bioimaging applications
    Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Tomoyoshi Yamano, Eva Hemmer, Hiroshi Hyodo, Hidehiro Kishimoto, Kohei Soga
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2013
    Rare‐earth‐doped ceramic nanophosphor ( RED ‐ CNP ) materials are promising near‐infrared ( NIR ) fluorescence bioimaging ( FBI ) agents that can overcome problems of currently used organic dyes including photobleaching, phototoxicity, and light scattering. Here, we report a NIR – NIR bioimaging system by using NIR emission at 1550 nm under 980 nm excitation which can allow a deeper penetration depth into biological tissues than ultraviolet or visible light excitation. In this study, erbium‐doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles ( Er 3+ : Y 2 O 3 ) with an average particle size of 100 and 500 nm were synthesized by surfactant‐assisted homogeneous precipitation method. NIR emission properties of Er 3+ : Y 2 O 3 were investigated under 980 nm excitation. The surface of Er 3+ : Y 2 O 3 was electrostatically PEG ylated using poly (ethylene glycol)‐ b ‐poly(acrylic acid) ( PEG ‐ b ‐ PAAc ) block copolymer to improve the chemical durability and dispersion stability of Er 3+ : Y 2 O 3 under physiological conditions. In vitro cytotoxic effects of bare and PEG ‐ b ‐ PAAc ‐modified Er 3+ : Y 2 O 3 were investigated by incubation with mouse macrophage cells (J774). Microscopic and macroscopic FBI were demonstrated in vivo by injection of bare or PEG ‐ b ‐ PAAc ‐modified Er 3+ : Y 2 O 3 into C57BL/6 mice. The NIR fluorescence images showed that PEG ‐ b ‐ PAAc modification significantly reduced the agglomeration of Er 3+ : Y 2 O 3 in mice and enhanced the distribution of Er 3+ :Y 2 O 3 .
  • Cytotoxic aspects of gadolinium oxide nanostructures for up-conversion and NIR bioimaging
    Eva Hemmer, Tomoyoshi Yamano, Hidehiro Kishimoto, Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Hiroshi Hyodo, Kohei Soga
    Acta Biomaterialia, 2013
  • In vitro and in vivo investigations of upconversion and NIR emitting Gd2O3:Er3+,Yb3+ nanostructures for biomedical applications
    Eva Hemmer, Hiroyuki Takeshita, Tomoyoshi Yamano, Takanori Fujiki, Yvonne Kohl, Karin Löw, Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Hiroshi Hyodo, Hidehiro Kishimoto, Kohei Soga
    Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine, 2012
  • The role of pH in PEG-b-PAAc modification of gadolinium oxide nanostructures for biomedical applications
    Eva Hemmer, Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Hiroshi Hyodo, Kohei Soga
    Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2012
    Upconversion and near-infrared emitting Gd2O3:Er3+,Yb3+nanostructured phosphors (nanoparticles and nanorods) for applications in bioimaging have been synthesized by precipitation methods and hydrothermal treatment. Variation of the material synthesis conditions (additives and pH) allows controlling particle size (40 nm to μm range) and rod aspect ratio (5 to 18). It was shown that PEG-b-PAAc (poly(ethylene glycol) poly(acrylic acid) block polymer) is suitable to provide the required chemical durability, dispersion stability, and noncytotoxic behaviour for biomedical applications, where the coating of Gd2O3with a protecting and biocompatible layer is essential in order to prevent the release of toxic Gd3+ions. Physicochemical properties of the Gd2O3:Er3+,Yb3+nanostructures modified with PEG-b-PAAc have been investigated by TG-DTA, FT-IR, and DLS revealing a strong influence of modification conditions, namely, pH of the reaction media, on the nature of the PEG-b-PAAc layer.
  • Synthesis and toxicity assay of ceramic nanophosphors for bioimaging with near-infrared excitation
    Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Eva Hemmer, Tomoyoshi Yamano, Hiroshi Hyodo, Hidehiro Kishimoto, Kohei Soga
    Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 2012
  • Application of ceramic phosphors for near infrared biomedical imaging technologies
    Kohei Soga, Kimikazu Tokuzen, Kosuke Tsuji, Tomoyoshi Yamano, Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Hiroshi Hyodo, Hidehiro Kishimoto
    Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2010
    Near infrared wavelength region between 0.8 and 2 μm is an attractive region for biomedical imaging due to the low loss in biomedical objects in the region. Rare-earth doped ceramic phosphors are known to emit efficient fluorescence in the same wavelength region. The authors have developed micro fluorescence bioimaging system for cellular or tissue imaging and macro one for in vivo imaging. This paper will review the materials synthesis for the near infrared fluorescence probes as well as the system development and demonstrative works. Er-doped or Yb/Er-doped ceramic phosphors were synthesized with required particle size. The phosphors were partly modified with polyethylene glycol to give dispersion and controlled interaction with the biological objects. By using the micro imaging system, nematodes, mouse tissue and M1 cells were observed by detecting 1.5 μm emission from Er doped in the ceramic phosphor. in vivo imaging with the same fluorescence scheme was also performed for the digestive organs of live mouse.
  • Synthesis of Er3+ doped Y2O3 nanophosphors
    Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Yu Saito, Kohei Soga
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009
    The synthesis and characterization of yttrium hydroxyl carbonate (Y(OH)CO 3 2− ) and yttrium nitrate hydroxide hydrate (Y(OH)NO 3 H 2 O) precursor materials as well as Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles are reported. The resultant precursor particle size is about 10–12 nm with a narrow size distribution by the enzymatic decomposition method, whereas the particle size was smaller than those acquired by the homogeneous and alkali precipitation methods. The formation of Y(OH)CO 3 2− and Y(OH)NO 3 H 2 O species was also evident from the fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR) analysis. Precipitated Y(OH)CO 3 2− precursors have an amorphous nature whereas Y(OH)NO 3 H 2 O precursors have a crystalline nature, which was manifested from the XRD analysis. Moreover, precipitated Y(OH)NO 3 H 2 O precursors were found in the agglomerated form and Y(OH)CO 3 2− was established in the monodispersed form, as determined from the FE‐SEM, TEM and DLS measurements. It was demonstrated that calcination of precursor materials at 900°C eventually removed the inorganic anions from the precursors and consequently produced crystalline Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles, which was evident from the XRD and FT‐IR analysis. The EDS analysis confirms Er 3+ doping in the Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The morphology and the size of the Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles are almost unchanged before and after the calcination.
  • Effect of K3PO4 addition as sintering inhibitor during calcination of Y2O3 nanoparticles
    K Soga, Y Okumura, K Tsuji, N Venkatachalam
    Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2009
    Erbium-doped yttrium oxide nanoparticle is one of the most important for fluorescence bioimaging under near infrared excitation. Particle size of it below 100 nm is an important requirement for a cellular bioimaging. However, the synthesis with such small particles is difficult at the calcination temperature above 1200 °C due to the sintering and crystal growth of the particles. In this study, yttrium oxide nanoparticles with average size of 30 nm were successfully synthesized by using K3PO4 as a sintering inhibitor during the calcination. A single phase of cubic Y2O3 as the resultant material was confirmed by XRD, which was also confirmed to emit a bright upconversion emission under 980-nm excitation. Improvement of chemical durability due to the introduction of phosphate group on the surface of the Y2O3 particles is also reported.
  • Bioimaging of M1 cells using ceramic nanophosphors: Synthesis and toxicity assay of Y2O3 nanoparticles
    N Venkatachalam, Y Okumura, K Soga, R Fukuda, T Tsuji
    Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2009
  • Sol-gel preparation and characterization of nanosize TiO2: Its photocatalytic performance
    N. Venkatachalam, M. Palanichamy, V. Murugesan
    Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2007
  • Sol-gel preparation and characterization of alkaline earth metal doped nano TiO2: Efficient photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol
    N. Venkatachalam, M. Palanichamy, V. Murugesan
    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2007
  • Alkaline earth metal doped nanoporous TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic mineralisation of bisphenol-A
    N. Venkatachalam, M. Palanichamy, Banumathi Arabindoo, V. Murugesan
    Catalysis Communications, 2007
  • Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by Zr4+ doped nano TiO2
    N. Venkatachalam, M. Palanichamy, Banumathi Arabindoo, V. Murugesan
    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2007
  • Photocatalytic activity of ZnO impregnated Hβ and mechanical mix of ZnO/Hβ in the degradation of monocrotophos in aqueous solution
    S. Anandan, A. Vinu, N. Venkatachalam, B. Arabindoo, V. Murugesan
    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2006
  • Visible light active photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A using nitrogen doped TiO2.
    N. Venkatachalam, A. Vinu, S. Anandan, Banumathi Arabindoo, V. Murugesan
    Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2006
  • Fine route for an efficient removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by zeolite-supported TiO2
    M.V. Shankar, S. Anandan, N. Venkatachalam, B. Arabindoo, V. Murugesan
    Chemosphere, 2006
  • Novel thin-film reactor for photocatalytic degradation of pesticides in an aqueous solution
    Muthukonda Venkatakrishnan Shankar, Srinivasan Anandan, Nallusamy Venkatachalam, Banumathi Arabindoo, Velayutham Murugesan
    Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2004

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Er 3+ ‐Doped Y 2 O 3 Nanophosphors for Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Bioimaging Applications
    N Venkatachalam, T Yamano, E Hemmer, H Hyodo, H Kishimoto, K Soga
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 96 (9), 2759-2765 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 61
  • Upconverting and NIR emitting rare earth based nanostructures for NIR-bioimaging
    E Hemmer, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, A Hattori, Y Ebina, H Kishimoto, ...
    Nanoscale 5 (23), 11339-11361 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 390
  • Cytotoxic aspects of gadolinium oxide nanostructures for up-conversion and NIR bioimaging
    E Hemmer, T Yamano, H Kishimoto, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, K Soga
    Acta Biomaterialia 9 (1), 4734-4743 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 91
  • In vitro and in vivo investigations of upconversion and NIR emitting Gd sub (2) O sub (3): Er super ( 3+), Yb super (3+) nanostructures for biomedical applications
    E Hemmer, H Takeshita, T Yamano, T Fujiki, Y Kohl, K Low, ...
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 23 (10), 2399-2412 , 2012
    2012
  • In vitro and in vivo investigations of upconversion and NIR emitting Gd 2 O 3 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ nanostructures for biomedical applications
    E Hemmer, H Takeshita, T Yamano, T Fujiki, Y Kohl, K Löw, ...
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 23 (10), 2399-2412 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 51
  • Synthesis and toxicity assay of ceramic nanophosphors for bioimaging with near-infrared excitation
    N Venkatachalam, E Hemmer, T Yamano, H Hyodo, H Kishimoto, K Soga
    Progress in crystal growth and characterization of materials 58 (2-3), 121-134 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 25
  • The Role of pH in PEG‐ b ‐PAAc Modification of Gadolinium Oxide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications
    E Hemmer, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, K Soga
    Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (1), 748098 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 16
  • Application of ceramic phosphors for near infrared biomedical imaging technologies
    K Soga, K Tokuzen, K Tsuji, T Yamano, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, ...
    Optical Components and Materials VII 7598, 64-72 , 2010
    2010
    Citations: 35
  • Effect of K {sub 3} PO {sub 4} addition as sintering inhibitor during calcination of Y {sub 2} O {sub 3} nanoparticles
    K Soga, Y Okumura, K Tsuji, N Venkatachalam
    Journal of Physics. Conference Series (Online) 191 , 2009
    2009
  • Bioimaging of M1 cells using ceramic nanophosphors: Synthesis and toxicity assay of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles
    N Venkatachalam, Y Okumura, K Soga, R Fukuda, T Tsuji
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series 191 (1), 012002 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 15
  • Effect of K 3 PO 4 addition as sintering inhibitor during calcination of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles
    K Soga, Y Okumura, K Tsuji, N Venkatachalam
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series 191 (1), 012003 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 9
  • Synthesis of Er 3+ Doped Y 2 O 3 Nanophosphors
    N Venkatachalam, Y Saito, K Soga
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 92 (5), 1006-1010 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 72
  • Synthesis of Ceramic Nanophosphors for Upconversion Bioimaging
    V Nallusamy, Y Okumura, K Soga
    Preprints of Annual Meeting of The Ceramic Society of Japan Preprints of … , 2009
    2009
  • Sol–gel preparation and characterization of nanosize TiO2: Its photocatalytic performance
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, V Murugesan
    Materials Chemistry and Physics 104 (2-3), 454-459 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 337
  • Sol–gel preparation and characterization of alkaline earth metal doped nano TiO2: Efficient photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, V Murugesan
    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 273 (1-2), 177-185 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 305
  • Alkaline earth metal doped nanoporous TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic mineralisation of bisphenol-A
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Catalysis Communications 8 (7), 1088-1093 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 93
  • characterization of Zr"*^, La^^ and Ce^^ doped mesoporous TiOi: Evaluation of their photocatalytic activityMol
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, BM Arabindoo, S VJ
    Catal. A 266, 158 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 29
  • Photocatalytic activity of ZnO impregnated Hβ and mechanical mix of ZnO/Hβ in the degradation of monocrotophos in aqueous solution
    S Anandan, A Vinu, N Venkatachalam, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 256 (1-2), 312-320 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 158
  • Visible light active photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A using nitrogen doped TiO2
    N Venkatachalam, A Vinu, S Anandan, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 6 (8), 2499-2507 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 53
  • Fine route for an efficient removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) by zeolite-supported TiO2
    MV Shankar, S Anandan, N Venkatachalam, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Chemosphere 63 (6), 1014-1021 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 209

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Upconverting and NIR emitting rare earth based nanostructures for NIR-bioimaging
    E Hemmer, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, A Hattori, Y Ebina, H Kishimoto, ...
    Nanoscale 5 (23), 11339-11361 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 390
  • Sol–gel preparation and characterization of nanosize TiO2: Its photocatalytic performance
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, V Murugesan
    Materials Chemistry and Physics 104 (2-3), 454-459 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 337
  • Sol–gel preparation and characterization of alkaline earth metal doped nano TiO2: Efficient photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, V Murugesan
    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 273 (1-2), 177-185 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 305
  • Fine route for an efficient removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) by zeolite-supported TiO2
    MV Shankar, S Anandan, N Venkatachalam, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Chemosphere 63 (6), 1014-1021 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 209
  • Photocatalytic activity of ZnO impregnated Hβ and mechanical mix of ZnO/Hβ in the degradation of monocrotophos in aqueous solution
    S Anandan, A Vinu, N Venkatachalam, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 256 (1-2), 312-320 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 158
  • Novel thin‐film reactor for photocatalytic degradation of pesticides in an aqueous solution
    MV Shankar, S Anandan, N Venkatachalam, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology: International Research in … , 2004
    2004
    Citations: 100
  • Alkaline earth metal doped nanoporous TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic mineralisation of bisphenol-A
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Catalysis Communications 8 (7), 1088-1093 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 93
  • Cytotoxic aspects of gadolinium oxide nanostructures for up-conversion and NIR bioimaging
    E Hemmer, T Yamano, H Kishimoto, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, K Soga
    Acta Biomaterialia 9 (1), 4734-4743 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 91
  • Synthesis of Er 3+ Doped Y 2 O 3 Nanophosphors
    N Venkatachalam, Y Saito, K Soga
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 92 (5), 1006-1010 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 72
  • Er 3+ ‐Doped Y 2 O 3 Nanophosphors for Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Bioimaging Applications
    N Venkatachalam, T Yamano, E Hemmer, H Hyodo, H Kishimoto, K Soga
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 96 (9), 2759-2765 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 61
  • Visible light active photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A using nitrogen doped TiO2
    N Venkatachalam, A Vinu, S Anandan, B Arabindoo, V Murugesan
    Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 6 (8), 2499-2507 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 53
  • In vitro and in vivo investigations of upconversion and NIR emitting Gd 2 O 3 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ nanostructures for biomedical applications
    E Hemmer, H Takeshita, T Yamano, T Fujiki, Y Kohl, K Löw, ...
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 23 (10), 2399-2412 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 51
  • Application of ceramic phosphors for near infrared biomedical imaging technologies
    K Soga, K Tokuzen, K Tsuji, T Yamano, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, ...
    Optical Components and Materials VII 7598, 64-72 , 2010
    2010
    Citations: 35
  • characterization of Zr"*^, La^^ and Ce^^ doped mesoporous TiOi: Evaluation of their photocatalytic activityMol
    N Venkatachalam, M Palanichamy, BM Arabindoo, S VJ
    Catal. A 266, 158 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 29
  • Synthesis and toxicity assay of ceramic nanophosphors for bioimaging with near-infrared excitation
    N Venkatachalam, E Hemmer, T Yamano, H Hyodo, H Kishimoto, K Soga
    Progress in crystal growth and characterization of materials 58 (2-3), 121-134 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 25
  • The Role of pH in PEG‐ b ‐PAAc Modification of Gadolinium Oxide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications
    E Hemmer, N Venkatachalam, H Hyodo, K Soga
    Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (1), 748098 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 16
  • Bioimaging of M1 cells using ceramic nanophosphors: Synthesis and toxicity assay of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles
    N Venkatachalam, Y Okumura, K Soga, R Fukuda, T Tsuji
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series 191 (1), 012002 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 15
  • Effect of K 3 PO 4 addition as sintering inhibitor during calcination of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles
    K Soga, Y Okumura, K Tsuji, N Venkatachalam
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series 191 (1), 012003 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 9
  • In vitro and in vivo investigations of upconversion and NIR emitting Gd sub (2) O sub (3): Er super ( 3+), Yb super (3+) nanostructures for biomedical applications
    E Hemmer, H Takeshita, T Yamano, T Fujiki, Y Kohl, K Low, ...
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 23 (10), 2399-2412 , 2012
    2012
  • Effect of K {sub 3} PO {sub 4} addition as sintering inhibitor during calcination of Y {sub 2} O {sub 3} nanoparticles
    K Soga, Y Okumura, K Tsuji, N Venkatachalam
    Journal of Physics. Conference Series (Online) 191 , 2009
    2009