Optimization and CFD Analysis in Divergent Exhaust Diffuser Geometries for Maximum Coefficient of Pressure Recovery in Gas Turbine Engines Purushothaman Srinivasan, Umme Thayyiba Khatoon, T. Vinod Kumar, J. Kumaraswamy, K.M. Praveena Kumara, A. Lalitha Saravanan, C. Gnanavel, Kondwani Kachamba Ngwira EPJ Web of Conferences, 2026 This study aims to develop and evaluate models of a gas turbine engine's divergent exhaust diffuser to determine the configuration that maximizes the Coefficient of Pressure Recovery (CPR). Various diffuser geometries are explored, focusing on parameters such as half cone angle, intake diameter, outlet diameter, and diverging outlet diameter. Using the Ansys workbench, divergent exhaust diffusers are modeled with half cone angles of 7°, intake diameters ranging from 120 mm to 140 mm in 5 mm increments, and outlet diameters of 252.25 mm and 210.75 mm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are performed in ANSYS Fluent to analyze static pressure and exit velocity, from which the CPR is find for each configuration. Theoretical values from Bernoulli's and continuity equation checked with the CFD results. The geometry that produces the highest CPR will identified to optimize the performance of divergent exhaust diffuser, thereby enhancing the turbine's power and efficiency.
Plant-Derived Nanoparticles for Advanced Ni–P–TiO2 Composite Coatings on AH36 Marine Steel Ganta Suresh, T. Vinod Kumar, R. Muraliraja, A. Padmapriya, J. Rajasekar, S. Arunkumar Chemistryselect, 2026 The synthesis of electroless Ni–P–TiO 2 composite coatings on marine grade AH36 steel was done using plant‐extract‐derived titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the present work. TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized using Indigofera tinctoria extract as an efficient reducing and capping agent by the green method. Anatase, rutile, and amorphous polymorphs were obtained by controlled temperature calcinations and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). They were then dispersed in a premixed bath of electroless Ni–P (including sodium hypophosphite, ammonium chloride, and sodium tri‐citrate) with the zwitterionic surfactant for enhanced particle dispersion. One hybrid composite and three single‐phase TiO 2 composites with different contents were coated at 85°C for 1 h. The coated samples presented a homogeneous structure in sizes of grain with apparent improvement in microhardness and improved corrosion resistance. A higher TiO 2 ‐added composite coating shows well‐defined surface features, as well as superior electrochemical performance. Thickness of the coating was correlated with the phase and elemental composition of particles. The Tafel test showed a marked reduction in the corrosion current density and an increase of anti‐corrosion for marine environments. It can be presumed that the green synthesis of Ni–P–TiO 2 is a multilayer, promising economical and environment‐friendly approach for enhancing the corrosion resistance and durability of AH36 marine steel.
Study of Influential Process Parameters in Abrasive Water Jet Machining of Aluminium 6061-T6 Alloys S. Padmanabhan, T.V. Kumar, J. Senthilkumar, K.M. Kumar, N.M. Nachippan, S.J. Muthiya International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, 2026 In this investigation, Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) has been employed to machine the AA6061-T6 alloy and attempts have been made to evaluate the effect of various process parameters like water jet pressure, abrasive flow rate, stand-off-distance and traverse speed, which are responsible for the cut quality, surface finish and efficiency of machining. The Taguchi design of experiments (DoE) technique has been applied to investigate the material removal rate, surface roughness and hardness as response characteristics. Multi-parametric optimisation using the response surface methodology is established to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the AWJM.
Effect of Si/Zr ratio on the catalytic behavior of Pt-Cu/Zr-SBA-15 in continuous methane dry reforming Mohammad Khalid, Norah A. M. Alsaif, S. Ganesan, T. Vinod Kumar, S. Padmanabhan, S. Mahalingam, Maha Awjan Alreshidi, P. Saravanan, Ahmed M. Fallatah, S. Jayakumar, Krishna Kumar Yadav, A. Subramani Rsc Advances, 2026 Pt–Cu/Zr–SBA-15 exhibits superior dry reforming performance, achieving high CH 4 /CO 2 conversions (90–95%), enhanced H 2 /CO ratio (3.8), and excellent stability with minimal coke, due to strong metal–support interactions and optimal acidity balance.
Stable dry reforming of methane over Ni–Pt bimetallic catalysts supported on KIT-5 in a continuous flow system Mohammad Khalid, Ghadah Shukri Albakri, S. Ganesan, T. Vinod Kumar, S. Padmanabhan, Maha Awjan Alreshidi, G. Sasikumar, T. Anand, Ahmed M. Fallatah, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Fehmi Boufahja, Kamal Y. Thajudeen, A. Subramani Rsc Advances, 2026 Ni–Pt/KIT-5 catalysts showed excellent DRM activity, high CH 4 and CO 2 conversion, strong thermal stability, and low coke formation. The 9.5%Ni–0.5%Pt/KIT-5 catalyst achieved superior coke-resistant syngas production.
Emerging ozone generation strategies: mechanistic insights and application-driven developments Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali, Hisham Khalid alsmail, T. Vinod Kumar, J. R. Deepak, Yaqoub Abdu Hakami, S. Padmanabhan, Amine Aymen Assadi, P. K. Kishore Kumar, Farid Fadhillah, P. Saravanan, Mohammod Hafizur Rahman, K. Vijayalakshmi, G. Shoba, P. Tamizhdurai Rsc Advances, 2026 Ozone is used for strong oxidation and clean decomposition, but large-scale use is limited by energy demand, by-products, and safety. This review compares generation methods and highlights efficiency and sustainable challenges.
Eco-Friendly Ni-P-TiO₂ Composite Coatings on AH36 Steel Using Plant-Extracted Nanoparticles for Marine Corrosion Resistance Ganta Suresh, T. Vinod Kumar, R. Muraliraja, A. Padmapriya Tribology in Industry, 2025 Marine grade AH36 steel, widely used in offshore and shipbuilding industry, tends to suffer severe corrosion from aggressive marine condition. In order to improve its corrosion resistance and mechanical hardness this research deals with the development of electroless Ni-P composite coatings reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles in three structural states: anatase, rutile and amorphous derived from plant extraction. A fourth hybrid specimen having all the three TiO2 phases was also examined. The coatings were deposited on AH36 steel and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), microhardness measurement and electrochemical Tafel polarization measurement. The sample containing anatase coating had the best performance, showing up to 27 µm thickness. The results indicate a 13.5% increase in performance compared with the Ni–P sample, 67.4 nm surface roughness, and 200 HV (25% increase) microhardness. It also showed the highest corrosion resistance, with the maximum corrosion potential (–0.65 V) and lowest corrosion current density, which means the lowest corrosion in the sample. In comparison, the amorphous Titanium di oxide (TiO2) coating had a large surface roughness of 170.1 nm and lower coating thickness of 20 µm, where the hybrid sample was marked with the smallest coating thickness of 16 µm along with in homogeneous morphology. The rutile-type coating showed a mediocre performance with coating thickness of 24 µm and surface roughness of 106.6 nm. These results clearly demonstrate that the anatase phase is beneficial for homogeneous dispersal, large surface coverage and electrochemical protection. This work emphasises that TiO2 phase is crucial in developing efficient electroless composite coatings for marine steel.
Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel prepared by powder metallurgy technique Ramajayam Mariappan, Rasaiah Naveenkumar, Thangaraj Vinod Kumar, Vadivelu Kannan, Prajith Prabhakar, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Manickam Ravichandran Results in Engineering, 2025 • Influence of solution treatment on the properties of powder metallurgy duplex stainless steels (DSS) has been investigated. • Solution treatment enhances densification, particularly at higher annealing temperatures, promoting a homogenous austenite-ferrite phase distribution. • Superior densification and mechanical performance was obtained. • Treated DSS suitable for structural components in corrosive or high-stress conditions. • The optimized balance between strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance was achieved. This study investigates the influence of solution treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties of powder metallurgy duplex stainless steels (DSS) developed from 316 L and 430 L powders. The sintered DSS samples were annealed at two distinct temperatures of 1150 °C and 1250 °C, followed by water quenching. Comprehensive characterization, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), was conducted to evaluate phase distribution and elemental composition. Mechanical properties were assessed through tensile strength, hardness, and elongation tests. The findings reveal that solution treatment enhances densification, particularly at higher annealing temperatures, promoting a homogenous austenite-ferrite phase distribution. For DSS sintered in partial vacuum and solution treated at 1250 °C, densification reached 7.72 g/cm³ (98.1 % of theoretical density). Significant improvements in tensile strength (up to 824 MPa) and yield strength (up to 438 MPa) were observed. DSS sintered in partial vacuum exhibited superior densification and mechanical performance compared to those sintered in hydrogen. This is due to the minimized oxidation, enhanced diffusion kinetics, and reduced residual porosity achieved in partial vacuum conditions, which collectively improve densification and mechanical stability. These enhanced properties make the treated DSS suitable for applications in marine environments, chemical processing equipment, oil and gas pipelines, and structural components in corrosive or high-stress conditions. The optimized balance between strength and ductility also positions these materials as viable candidates for high-performance automotive and aerospace components.
Zero-emission transportation and aviation through green hydrogen innovation Maha Awjan Alreshidi, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Amel Gacem, S. Padmanabhan, S. Ganesan, S. Mahalingam, T. Vinod Kumar, P. Saravanan, Kamal Y. Thajudeen, Ahmed M. Fallatah, Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed, G. Shoba, C. Kavitha, P. Tamizhdurai, Mohammad Khalid Materials Today Sustainability, 2025 In today's dynamic energy landscape, the shift toward sustainable sources is more urgent than ever. Among emerging solutions, green hydrogen stands out especially for hard-to-decarbonize sectors like transportation and aviation . Sustainable hydrogen originates by electrolysis through renewable energy, providing a zero-carbon substitute for conventional hydrogen, which is primarily generated by carbon-intensive steam methane reforming . Hydrogen's unique properties such as a high energy-to-weight ratio and compatibility with existing infrastructure make it more than just a clean fuel. It represents a paradigm shift in how energy is produced, stored, and used. According to the authoritative International Energy Agency (IEA), by 2040, worldwide consumption of energy could increase by as much as 30 %. Considering this prerequisite with fossil fuels would only worsen climate change, making green hydrogen not just viable but essential. Despite its promise, challenges persist. Safety concerns around hydrogen's flammability have been addressed through modern handling protocols However, its low volumetric energy density presents storage and transportation issues—particularly in aerospace. Encouragingly, technological advancements in high-pressure tanks, cryogenic systems, and solid-state hydrogen carriers are enhancing feasibility and safety. This review examines the potential and challenges of green hydrogen, with a focus on its application in aviation. It highlights advances in fuel cells, liquefaction, and hydrogen storage that enhance efficiency and safety. Hydrogen-powered aircraft prototypes show projected emission cuts of 50–75 % compared to conventional jet fuels. The review identifies key challenges—scaling infrastructure, reducing costs, and regulatory alignment—and proposes solutions including investment incentives and global safety standards. It also outlines future research directions in materials, hybrid propulsion, and life-cycle assessment, reinforcing green hydrogen's role in sustainable aviation. • Hydrogen can blend with aviation fuels, enabling low-emission flight without major infrastructure changes. • Green hydrogen from renewables is a zero-carbon alternative to grey hydrogen, crucial for decarbonizing aviation. • Non-CO 2 emissions like water vapor and NO x from hydrogen aircraft impact climate forcing and need careful management. • Hydrogen enables long-term energy storage and boosts resilience in transport, industry, and homes, advancing the clean energy shift.
SMART NANOMATERIALS PARTICLES AND AI OPTIMISATION OF SOLAR-POWERED ELECTROCHEMICAL DEHYDRATION OF WATERBORNE CONTAMINANTS Oxidation Communications, 2025
Evaluation of mechanical properties on nano carbon with fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018
Evaluation of thermal and chemical properties on nano carbon with fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018
Charactersation analysis of hardness, impact, water absorbtion nano carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites [NCFRPC] International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018
Heuristic for critical machine oriented batch scheduling in twostage hybrid flow shop International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018
A heuristic for batch scheduling with uniform and non uniform lot sizes in two stage hybrid flowshop International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018
Analysis on Al6061-NI-graphite composite using squeeze casting method International Journal of Engineering and Technology Uae, 2018
Properties and behavior of squeeze pressure on aluminum molybdenum DI-supplied composite International Journal of Engineering and Technology Uae, 2018
Evaluation of tensile and thermal behavior analysis of nano carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite International Journal of Engineering and Technology Uae, 2018
Vibration and damping characteristics of sisal and glass fiber reinforced polyester composite International Journal of Engineering and Technology Uae, 2018
Optimization and CFD Analysis in Divergent Exhaust Diffuser Geometries for Maximum Coefficient of Pressure Recovery in Gas Turbine Engines KKN Purushothaman Srinivasan1, Umme Thayyiba Khatoon, Vinod Kumar T, J ... EPJ Web of Conferences 357, 1-8 , 2026 2026
Comparative study and analysis of vortex tube on composite material: Cu-Sic-Fly Ash G Suresh, TV Kumar, E Ananda, R Ganugapenta Computational Techniques and Smart Manufacturing, 263-271 , 2026 2026
Plant‐Derived Nanoparticles for Advanced Ni–P–TiO 2 Composite Coatings on AH36 Marine Steel G Suresh, TV Kumar, R Muraliraja, A Padmapriya, J Rajasekar, ... ChemistrySelect 11 (5), e04678 , 2026 2026
Stable dry reforming of methane over Ni–Pt bimetallic catalysts supported on KIT-5 in a continuous flow system M Khalid, GS Albakri, S Ganesan, TV Kumar, S Padmanabhan, ... RSC Advances 16 (30), 27634-27654 , 2026 2026
Emerging ozone generation strategies: mechanistic insights and application-driven developments FAA Ali, TV Kumar, JR Deepak, YA Hakami, S Padmanabhan, AA Assadi, ... RSC advances 16 (26), 23455-23499 , 2026 2026
Effect of Si/Zr ratio on the catalytic behavior of Pt-Cu/Zr-SBA-15 in continuous methane dry reforming M Khalid, NAM Alsaif, S Ganesan, TV Kumar, S Padmanabhan, ... RSC advances 16 (22), 20347-20363 , 2026 2026
Study of Influential Process Parameters in Abrasive Water Jet Machining of Aluminium 6061-T6 Alloys S Padmanabhan, TV Kumar, J Senthilkumar, KM Kumar, NM Nachippan, ... International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems 18 (1), 67-72 , 2026 2026
Predictive Optimization of Electroless Coating Parameters for AH36 Steel in Defence Marine Applications Ganta Suresh, Vinod Kumar T, Muraliraja R, Padmanabhan S Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 14 (4), 209-218 , 2025 2025
Eco-Friendly Ni-P-TiO₂ Composite Coatings on AH36 Steel Using Plant-Extracted Nanoparticles for Marine Corrosion Resistance Ganta Suresh , T. Vinod Kumar , R. Muraliraja, Arumugam Padmapriya Tribology in Industry 47 (4), 692-704 , 2025 2025
Zero-emission transportation and aviation through green hydrogen innovation MA Alreshidi, KK Yadav, A Gacem, S Padmanabhan, S Ganesan, ... Materials Today Sustainability, 101264 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Green hydrogen in the renewable energy transition exploiting: A systematic review AM Abdulaal, A Althonayan, NS Kumar, AA Ibrahim, S Padmanabhan, ... Molecular Catalysis 586, 115396 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel prepared by powder metallurgy technique R Mariappan, T Vinod Kumar, V Kannan, P Prabhakar, V Mohanavel, ... Results in Engineering, 107256 , 2025 2025
Biodegradable Nanomaterials for a Sustainable Future: Environmental Benefits and Risks-A Review S Padmanabhan, T Vinod Kumar, S Mahalingam, S Ganesan, ... J. Environ. Nanotechnol 14 (3), 273-286 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
SMART NANOMATERIALS PARTICLES AND AI OPTIMISATION OF SOLAR-POWERED ELECTROCHEMICAL DEHYDRATION OF WATERBORNE CONTAMINANTS. T VINOD KUMAR, JB VEERAMALINI, HV XPRAVEENA, ... Oxidation Communications 48 (3) , 2025 2025
Advancements in the production methods and recycling of multilayer plastics with sustainable applications: A comprehensive review MA Alreshidi, KK Yadav, G Shoba, A Gacem, S Padmanabhan, ... Chemical Engineering Journal, 163633 , 2025 2025 Citations: 12
Investigation of the Effects of Process Parameters on Metal Matrix Composites of A356 with SiC on Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics P Sambandam, G Krishnan, DJ Raj, T Vinod Kumar, C Gurijala Fundamentals and Advances in Metal Matrix Composites, 138 , 2025 2025
Investigation of the Effects of Process Parameters on Metal Matrix Composites of A356 with SiC on Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics P Sambandam, G Krishnan, DJ Raj, VK Thangaraj, C Gurijala Fundamentals and Advances in Metal Matrix Composites, 138-151 , 2025 2025
Investigating the Impact of Pistacia Vera L. Bio-filler on the Mechanical Properties of a Synthetic Fiber/Epoxy Composite Vinod Kumar, T*, Sarange Shreepad Marotrao, Suthan, R, Ranganathan, S ... Malaysian Journal of Chemistry 27 (3), 464-471 , 2025 2025
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in Variable Compression Ratio Engine S Padmanabhan, NM Nachippan, KM Kumar, T Vinod Kumar, ... International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems 17 (1), 10-14 , 2025 2025
Investigation of the environmental implications of using cerium oxide nano-additives in gasoline engines fueled with gasoline-oxyhydrogen P Sambandam, D James Raj, T Vinod Kumar, SJ Muthiya, ... Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 46 … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Experimental Studies on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Secondary Refrigerant Based CNT Nanofluids for Cooling Applications S Baskar, M Chandrasekaran, T Vinod Kumar, P Vivek, ... International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1-5 , 2018 2018 Citations: 51
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF WATER/ETHYLENE GLYCOL-CARBON NANO TUBE NANOFLUIDS L Baskar, S., Chandrasekaran, M., Vinod Kumar, T., Vivek, P., & Karikalan International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1-5 , 2018 2018 Citations: 50
Effective utilization and optimization of waste plastic oil with ethanol additive in diesel engine using full factorial design M Bhargavi, TV Kumar, RAA Shaik, SK Kanna, Padmanabhan S Materials Today: Proceedings 52 (3), 930-936 , 2022 2022 Citations: 46
Control of carbon dioxide emission in automobile vehicles using CO2 scrubber V. S. Shaisundaram, M. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohan Raj, R. Muraliraja, T. Vinod ... International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1-5 , 2018 2018 Citations: 42
Investigation of Sapindus seed biodiesel with nano additive on single cylinder diesel engine S. Padmanabhan, T. Vinod Kumar, M. Chandrasekaran and S. Ganesan. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1-4 , 2018 2018 Citations: 35
An analysis of environment effect on ethanol blends with plastic fuel and blend optimization using a full factorial design S Padmanabhan, TV Kumar, K Giridharan, B Stalin, N Nagaprasad, ... Scientific Reports 12 (1), 21719 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF COCONUT SHELL HUSK REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES T. Vinod Kumar, M. Chandrasekaran, V.Santhanam ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12 (8), 2401-2406 , 2017 2017 Citations: 22
Study properties and mechanical behavior of the shaft material 16MnCr5 S Arunkumar, M Chandrasekaran, V Muthuraman, T Vinod Kumar Materials Today: Proceedings , 2020 2020 Citations: 19
Fillers preparation for polymer composite and its properties – a review T. Vinod Kumar, M. Chandrasekaran , P. Mohanraj , Ravishankar ... International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7 (2. 33), 212-217 , 2018 2018 Citations: 15
Advancements in the production methods and recycling of multilayer plastics with sustainable applications: A comprehensive review MA Alreshidi, KK Yadav, G Shoba, A Gacem, S Padmanabhan, ... Chemical Engineering Journal, 163633 , 2025 2025 Citations: 12
Environmental impact of waste plastic pyrolysis oil on insulated piston diesel engine with methoxyethyl acetate additive P Sambandam, P Murugesan, VK Thangaraj, M Vadivel, M Rajaraman, ... Petroleum Science and Technology 41 (10), 1113-1130 , 2023 2023 Citations: 12
Investigation of lightweight wheel design using alloy materials through structural analysis S Padmanabhan, TV Kumar, S Thiagarajan, BG Krishna, K Sudheer Materials Today: Proceedings , 2023 2023 Citations: 12
Green hydrogen in the renewable energy transition exploiting: A systematic review AM Abdulaal, A Althonayan, NS Kumar, AA Ibrahim, S Padmanabhan, ... Molecular Catalysis 586, 115396 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
An overview of the need for circular economy on electric vehicle batteries S Padmanabhan, C Joel, S Mahalingam, JR Deepak, T Vinod Kumar, ... Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 23 (1), 183-191 , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Material and design parameters optimization to enhance the life of Anti-Roll bar of commercial truck T Vinod Kumar, M Chandrasekaran, S Padmanabhan, R Saravanan, ... Materials Today: Proceedings , 2020 2020 Citations: 11
Experimental investigation on spark ignition engine using blends of biogas A Arul Peter, M Chandrasekaran, P Prakash, T Vinod kumar, P Vivek International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1-8 , 2018 2018 Citations: 10
Characterization of Nylon 6 Nano Fiber/E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites T Vinod Kumar, Chandrasekaran M, Santhanam V, Udayakumar N IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 183 (1), 012002 , 2017 2017 Citations: 10
Behaviour of CI Engine Performance, Combustion and Exhaust Emission with Neem Biodiesel at Varied Fuel Injection Rates K Loganathan, M Chandrasekaran, T Vinod Kumar, Sridhar. R International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1-8 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
Is Kevlar29/Epoxy Composite an Alternate for Drive Shaft? R Saravanan, P Vivek, T Vinod Kumar Journal of Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Science 2 (3), 1-13 , 2016 2016 Citations: 9
Investigation of structural and thermal analysis of clutch facings with different friction materials S Padmanabhan, TV Kumar, DS Kumar, G Velmurugan, BA Kumar, ... Materials Today: Proceedings 92, 98-105 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
