Werner Xaver Lang

Prof. Lang (*1961) is Vice President for Sustainable Transformation and holds the Chair of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Planning and Building (ENPB) at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). From 2008–2010, he was Professor of Sustainable Building and Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at the University of Texas School of Architecture in Austin, Texas.

The research of the Institute of Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building (ENPB) is concerned with the development of strategies, methods, technologies and solutions for building with a positive footprint. The goal is to realize buildings and urban neighborhoods with positive environmental impacts in the future. The fundamental use of regenerative energy systems and renewable building materials, as well as the implementation of closed material cycles, are essential building blocks here. The further development and use of methods for comprehensive life cycle analysis, taking into account ecological, eco

EDUCATION

Technical University of Munich, .

University of California – Los Angeles, Master of Architecture – M. Arch. II (UCLA), 1990.

Technical University of Munich, ., 1988.

Architectural Association London, extension studies, 1985 - 1986.

Peter-Dörfler-Gymnasium Marktoberdorf, A-Levels (Abitur), June 1980.

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Building and Construction, Architecture, Environmental Science, Environmental Engineering

Scopus Publications

Tree growth simulation in Geographic Information Systems: Coupling CityTree and ArcGIS for solar radiation analysis
Roland Reitberger, Vinayak Prem Kooniyara, Leila Parhizgar, Thomas Roetzer and Werner Lang




Life cycle assessment and multi-criteria decision-making for sustainable building parts: criteria, methods, and application
Kathrin Theilig, Bruna Lourenço, Roland Reitberger, and Werner Lang
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Purpose Sustainable building design relies heavily on building parts, with crucial consideration for climate and environmental impact. Due to numerous criteria and diverse alternatives, employing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to choose the best alternative is essential. Yet, relevant criteria and suitable MCDM methods for life cycle-based building planning still need to be determined. This study highlights prevalent environmental criteria and offers guidance on MCDM approaches for sustainable building parts. Methods This study introduces an innovative approach by integrating life cycle assessment and MCDM. This provides comprehensive decision support for planners. A systematic literature review identifies environmental criteria for building parts and is validated in expert workshops. Thus, the relevance of criteria across the building life cycle is established. Furthermore, the study analyzes MCDM approaches in the built environment. From this, the study employs and evaluates the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a case study. Thereby, it offers insights into effective decision-making methodologies for sustainable building practices. Results This research categorizes environmental criteria for building parts and buildings into emissions, energy, resources, and circularity. Among 26 building part-related criteria, the global warming potential is highlighted. While the AHP is widely used in MCDM, a standardized method in planning processes is yet to emerge. Applying the ANP and AHP reveals similar rankings for the best and worst alternatives in a case study focused on selecting the optimal ceiling structure. Ribbed or box slab ceiling constructions are favored over reinforced concrete and composite timber-concrete constructions. Conclusions This study presents a novel method for life cycle-based MCDM challenges, identifying key environmental criteria. While material correlations exist, evaluating building parts demands simultaneous consideration of multiple criteria. Future research aims to compare further MCDM methods regarding their applicability, transparency, and ranking to enhance decision-making in sustainable construction. These investigations are essential for refining decision-making processes in the built environment, ensuring effective and transparent sustainability planning approaches.


Circular Economy Strategies in Densification and Refurbishment of Residential Buildings – State of Application and Future Directions
Fernanda Andreia de Souza Rocha, Roland Reitberger, Johannes Staudt, and Werner Lang
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThe fast population and economic growth put tremendous pressure on the planet’s resources. In this context, the building sector is recognized as one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and the use of raw materials. The Circular Economy (CE) is expected to contribute to a reduction of waste landfills, extraction of raw materials, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to understand to what degree and how CE strategies can be applied to the refurbishment and densification of residential buildings. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the application of CE strategies in the building sector through five semi-structured expert interviews. The literature identifies five CE principles for buildings: building in layers, designing-out waste, designing for adaptability and flexibility, designing for disassembly, and selecting materials. From the interviews, designing-out waste was the most common approach for refurbishment and densification of residential buildings. Nevertheless, the implementation of CE strategies within the building sector is still limited and challenging due to various barriers and little encouragement. More stimuli from governments through regulations and guidelines, increased collaboration between stakeholders, and technological advancements are expected to reduce the obstacles to implementing CE strategies in refurbishment and densification.


Deep learning for predictive window operation modeling in open-plan offices
Farzan Banihashemi, Manuel Weber, and Werner Lang
Elsevier BV



Occupancy modeling on non-intrusive indoor environmental data through machine learning
Farzan Banihashemi, Manuel Weber, Fatma Deghim, Chujun Zong, and Werner Lang
Elsevier BV



Urban systems exploration: A generic process for multi-objective urban planning to support decision making in early design phases
Roland Reitberger, Nicolai Palm, Herbert Palm, and Werner Lang
Elsevier BV



A holistic two-stage decision-making methodology for passive and active building design strategies under uncertainty
Chujun Zong, Xia Chen, Fatma Deghim, Johannes Staudt, Philipp Geyer, and Werner Lang
Elsevier BV



Combining parametric life cycle assessment (LCA) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) for developing sustainable residential neighborhoods
M Vollmer, K Theilig, G Hope, N Akca, W Lang, and J Albus
IOP Publishing
Abstract Purpose: In addressing global challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss, planners encounter heightened complexity, necessitating environmentally-conscious architectural design. Adopting a proactive stance toward positive impacts rather than mere harm reduction expands the scope of possibilities. Embracing the principles of Positive Buildings and Regenerative Design across six dimensions – Society, Energy, Material, Green, Water, and Mobility – facilitates a holistic approach. Methods: Employing the “Research by Design” methodology, this study develops architectural designs for a German residential project. Assessment involves life cycle analysis and building performance simulations utilizing Rhino Grasshopper with Dragonfly and Colibri plugins. Employing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), the utility analysis method concurrently considers eleven criteria to select the optimal design alternative in terms of Energy and Material. Results: The outcomes highlight the effectiveness of utility analysis in supporting MCDM for architectural decision-making, revealing that wood-light structures outperform mineral ones in ecological performance. Furthermore, parametric optimization identifies key parameters influencing energy demand, including energy system, electricity mix, credit from photovoltaic systems, and construction type. Conclusions: Overall, the synergy of “Research by Design” and MCDM enhances the planning process for architecturally sustainable projects, emphasizing the need for continued consideration and integration of additional aspects in the decision-making process for truly holistic outcomes.


Multi-criteria decision making for timber constructions: analysis of ceiling types using utility analysis
K Theilig, D Merk, T Blömer, W Lang, S Winter, and S Birk
IOP Publishing
Abstract Purpose: Timber constructions are gaining prominence in global decarbonization efforts for climate goals. While addressing greenhouse gas emissions is crucial, building planning must consider multiple factors. Methods: This study compares three timber construction methods for office ceilings—solid wood, linear-shaped, and composite timber-concrete—to conventional reinforced concrete. Fourteen timber alternatives are analyzed based on thirteen criteria, covering environmental and construction aspects of resource use, climate protection, building physics, and structural considerations. The utility analysis, a multi-criteria decision-making method, ranks the alternatives while considering all criteria simultaneously. Sensitivity analyses with different criteria weightings examine the robustness of the rankings. Results: A ribbed slab structure with a wet screed is recommended for office ceilings, prioritizing vibration behavior and environmental aspects. Solid wood and linear-shaped ceilings outperform composite timber-concrete or reinforced concrete in building physics and structural aspects. Dry-screed alternatives are not presently recommended due to vibration and economic reasons. Conclusions: This study shows that the utility analysis supports the decision-making in the wooden building parts’ design and planning process. Since the ranking of alternatives depends on the set criteria and their weighting, the seemingly objective decision is based on subjective evaluations. Thus, sensitivity analyses with different weightings are essential, and transparent decision-making documentation is crucial.


System Dynamics Modeling of Life Cycle Carbon Footprints for Building Wall Insulation Materials
Chujun Zong, Yilun Sun, and Werner Lang
IOP Publishing
Abstract Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool to assess environmental impacts of a product. However, the reliability of LCA should be improved, since the current static methodology does not take temporal variations into account. Accordingly, the dynamic LCA (DLCA) approach is gaining increasing attention. Despite the rapid development of DLCA in the building engineering, investigation on reliable dynamic modeling methods considering the circularity of building materials is still missing. To cope with this problem, we propose a framework of system dynamic modeling of building materials’ global warming potential (GWP) over the complete life cycle of a building. The framework is then applied in the case study of simulating the GWP of eight common building wall insulation materials with two improvement strategies considering a circular material flow. As a result, the established framework is proved feasible and can be implemented in future DLCA modeling. Results also show that considering recycling potential in a circular system results in a reduction of life cycle carbon foot print. Accordingly, the importance of circularity is highlighted.


A Systems Perspective on the Interactions Between Urban Green Infrastructure and the Built Environment
R Reitberger, N Pattnaik, L Parhizgar, C Trost, H Yazdi, M A Rahman, S Pauleit, T Roetzer, H Pretzsch, C Traidl-Hoffmann,et al.
IOP Publishing
Abstract This research addresses the intricate dynamics between urban green infrastructure (UGI) and the built environment, focusing on the effects of urban heat islands, building energy demand, and human health. Following the idea of the Socio-Ecological-Technological Systems framework, we investigate key indicators related to green and grey infrastructure and their interactions at the urban scale. We construct a comprehensive causal-loop diagram through an iterative approach involving literature analysis and expert consultation. The outcomes highlight the significance of urban form and green infrastructure in connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. This research enhances the understanding of systemic behavior in the urban fabric and offers insights into the complex interactions between UGI and the built environment. The approach underscores the value of iterative modeling, fostering collaborative efforts and providing a foundation for further system modeling. Future research should focus on quantitative validation of the identified connections. Additionally, connection strengths and spatial elements would be valuable extensions of the presented system model.


Window state or action modeling? An explainable AI approach in offices
Farzan Banihashemi, Manuel Weber, Bing Dong, Salvatore Carlucci, Roland Reitberger, and Werner Lang
Elsevier BV



Climate-neutral municipal building stock - life cycle assessment of large residential building stocks based on semantic 3D city models
Hannes Harter, Bruno Willenborg, Werner Lang, and Thomas H. Kolbe
Elsevier BV



Life Cycle Assessment of building energy systems on neighbourhood level based on semantic 3D city models
Hannes Harter, Bruno Willenborg, Werner Lang, and Thomas H. Kolbe
Elsevier BV



A novel risk-based design framework for urban heat island: A case study of Kempten, Germany
Joshua Huang, Roland Reitberger, Farzan Banihashemi, and Werner Lang
Elsevier BV



Ecosystem Services Guiding Built Environment Design—Understanding the Impacts of Building Practice on Ecosystems and Their Fundamental Contribution to Human Wellbeing
Marcus Ming Fricke, Katharina Hecht, Michael Vollmer, and Werner Lang
Springer International Publishing



Automated workflow for simulating the effect of green façades on indoor thermal comfort
D Marx, R Reitberger, M Kleeberger, and W Lang
IOP Publishing
Abstract Climate change mitigation measures include the addition of vegetation to existing buildings to reduce heat stress in hot summers. In this study, the influence of green façades on the indoor climate is modeled by coupling two different numerical simulation tools: The microclimate simulation tool ENVImet is utilized to model the vegetation and surroundings in the first step. Subsequently, the building energy simulation EnergyPlus in Honeybee/Grasshopper is used to model the indoor climate. Using weather data as a link between the tools, different scenarios (traditional self-climbing plants, plant boxes, and green walls) of green façade designs for a residential building are modeled as a case study. Results show a reduction of operative temperature of up to 3.93% for the most efficient design scenario, the green wall, which corresponds to a 20.09% improvement of the predicted mean vote.


Life cycle-based comparison of office buildings in timber and concrete construction with special consideration of thermal masses using building simulation
Nico Ehlers, Kathrin Theilig, and Werner Lang
IBPSA
This study evaluates building materials in terms of CO 2 emissions, primary energy demand, and thermal behavior of an office unit with three different ceiling construction types. Simulations of the construction types are performed to assess the impact of their thermal mass on energy demand. The variants are analyzed regarding the life cycle stages of production, construction, operation, end of life, and benefits outside the system boundary. The results show that over a life span of 50 and 100 years, the unit with a solid timber ceiling has the lowest CO 2 emissions and non-renewable primary energy demand compared to the others.


A comparative study of dynamic building simulation and machine-learning within a two-stage multi-objective stochastic optimization framework
Chujun Zong, Roland Reitberger, Fatma Deghim, Johannes Staudt, John Larkin, and Werner Lang
IBPSA
To tackle increasingly serious environmental issues and satisfy different stakeholders, trade-offs between different goals should be considered in the building planning phase. However, especially during early stages of decision-making, uncertainties are inevitable and should be modeled. Moreover, in real-world decision-making processes, decisions are often not made at the same time. Thus, it is of interest to model the trade-off-aware decision-making process that takes uncertainties and different decision stages into account in building planning. In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis of machine-learning-based and dynamic-building-simulation-based methodologies of generating operational energy within a multi-objective stochastic optimization (MOSO-II) framework. Results show that the Pareto-optimal solutions with the machine-learning model can withstand a higher degree of uncertainty, which can be explained by higher use energy amount and a larger uncertainty range in the applied dataset caused by occupant


Life cycle-based parametric optimization of buildings towards climate neutrality and its implications for environmental protection
M Vollmer, K Theilig, I Takser, R Reitberger, and W Lang
IOP Publishing
Abstract The climate crisis represents the greatest challenge to be solved by the current generation, according to the European Union. In relation to this, the building sector plays a crucial role since it is responsible for around 37% of the global CO2 emissions. To meet the internationally and nationally defined targets for climate neutrality, different strategies such as changing the energy systems or increasing energy efficiency are applied to reduce the CO2 emissions during the use phase of buildings. However, the current strategy has major deficits since essential parts of a building’s life cycle (e.g. embedded emissions of the building construction) are neglected. In addition to climate protection, environmental protection is another global and national goal which is neglected by only focusing on the CO2 emissions. Since ecosystems provide vital ecosystem services for the survival of present and future generations, environmental protection is crucial to be considered. To show the effects of these current, limited approaches, this study displays and compares different parametric optimization strategies, such as focus on the use stage and focus on the whole life cycle of buildings, using thermal building simulations. To analyze the different approaches, the assessment boundaries are extended to the whole life cycle of buildings (product, use, refurbishment, and end-of-life) and to further environmental indicators (global warming/acidification/eutrophication potential). The results show that reducing the global warming potential (GWP) (unit: CO2-eq.) not necessarily implies a reduction regarding the acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP). In fact, in some cases, the AP and EP are higher after a CO2-eq. focused optimization process. As a result, to plan and implement buildings and cities in a climate and ecological friendly manner, the current horizon of consideration must be expanded, and a multi-criteria optimization approach needs to be implemented as demonstrated.


A holistic analysis of sustainability metrics at an urban district scale
N Ehlers, K Schulze, C Zong, M Vollmer, B Schroeter, and W Lang
IOP Publishing
Abstract The presented work provides an overview of sustainability dimensions relevant to urban planning at an urban district level along multiple ressource axis. An analysis of innovative urban development projects and a literature review on city district sustainability were coupled with city grading schemes. Interviews with municipal stakeholders allowed to determine the extent to which these dimensions are already integrated into planning practices, and if not, what the barriers to the implementation of sustainable solutions are, and what the requirements for the development of new tools and methods to enable a holistically approach to sustainable planning are. Based to this, current planning practices prioritize a reduction of building energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the use phase, with limited or no consideration of dimensions such as GHG from building construction, rainwater retention or urban green for optimizing urban microclimates. However, awareness for such dimensions is rising: this can be seen in pilot projects where the scope of assessment was expanded to include for instance aspects of mobility and rainwater management. It furthermore shows that an approach to optimise planning procedures along multiple dimensions is still absent from many urban planning processes, even though mindsets seem to be shifting gradually.


Connecting building density and vegetation to investigate synergies and trade-offs between thermal comfort and energy demand - A parametric study in the temperate climate of Germany
R Reitberger, K Theilig, M Vollmer, I Takser, and W Lang
IOP Publishing
Abstract Climate change and increasing urbanization call for combined mitigation and adaptation measures. Therefore, this work shows a method to investigate affected aspects of urban space for their synergies and trade-offs. The focus lies on the interaction between building density and urban trees, as these are essential parameters for possible solutions. The combined, parametric simulation of indoor and outdoor spaces provides a more complete picture of the behavior of individual assessment aspects (e.g. indoor and outdoor thermal comfort, building energy demand). Overlaying the results allows us to identify interactions and to conclude on the effect of interventions such as building refurbishment. In this study, we apply the workflow to a generic neighborhood in Germany. Our results demonstrate a simultaneous behavior of indoor and outdoor thermal comfort, whereas there is a trade-off for heating energy demand. Increasing energy efficiency mitigated this trade-off in some density-green-space configurations. Our case study suggests the combination of green and gray interventions for achieving synergies that contribute to the sustainable transformation of the urban building stock. We conclude that during early planning phases, synergy potentials and trade-offs are already identifiable but context-specific, giving perspectives for further research in this area.


Toward zero-emission buildings: A case study on a non-residential building in Germany using life cycle assessment and carbon sequestration of green infrastructure
K Theilig, I Takser, R Reitberger, M Vollmer, and W Lang
IOP Publishing
Abstract Regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and further environmental impacts, such as acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and pollutants, the building sector plays an essential role in the global transformation toward a climate and environmentally friendly industry. In this paper, a non-residential building in Germany is analyzed regarding various emissions (GHG, AP, EP, pollutants, acoustic, light, and radiation) and the primary energy demand (PERT, PENRT) during its life cycle of 70 years. Life cycle assessment (LCA) according to DIN EN ISO 14040/14044 and DIN EN 15978 is used to determine and allocate the environmental impacts of the building. Building emissions are compared to the compensation potential of the green infrastructure onsite. Based on scenario analysis, recommendations to reduce the building emissions are given. The results show that there are emissions in every life cycle stage of the building. Using green instead of conventional electricity for operational energy reduces GHG emissions, AP, and EP by more than 90%. Emissions that already occurred can only be reduced or compensated slightly: the carbon sequestration of the building’s green infrastructure and its outdoor facilities can compensate nearly 6% of the total GHG emissions. Therefore, the authors claim that strategies to avoid, reduce and compensate emissions should take place in early planning phases to realize zero-emission buildings.


Life cycle potentials and improvement opportunities as guidance for early-stage design decisions
J. Staudt, M. Margesin, C. Zong, F. Deghim, W. Lang, A. Zahedi, F. Petzold, and P. Schneider-Marin
CRC Press



Structure and LCA-driven building design support in early phases using knowledge-based methods and domain knowledge
D. Steiner, M. Schnellenbach-Held, J. Staudt, M. Margesin, C. Zong, and W. Lang
CRC Press

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Tree growth simulation in Geographic Information Systems: Coupling CityTree and ArcGIS for solar radiation analysis
R Reitberger, VP Kooniyara, L Parhizgar, T Roetzer, W Lang
Sustainable Cities and Society 120, 106128 2025



An Interdisciplinary Criteria Catalog for Climate-Friendly Architectural Competitions-Test and Evaluation at Case Studies
D Bechtel, M Kleeberger, L Rosenberger, B Helmreich, W Lang
Sustainable Cities, 500 2025



Gebudetypen fr Nicht-Wohngebude zur vereinfachten Durchfhrung von Lebenszyklusanalysen auf Stadtquartiersebene
A Beltinger, N Ehlers, C Zong, W Lang
BauSim Conference 2024 10, 304-311 2024



Exploring Urban Typology Impacts on Trade-Offs between Global Warming Potential, Costs, and Outdoor Thermal Comfort
R Reitberger, H Palm, W Lang
BauSim Conference 2024 10, 296-303 2024



Circular Economy Strategies in Densification and Refurbishment of Residential Buildings–State of Application and Future Directions
FA de Souza Rocha, R Reitberger, J Staudt, W Lang
Circular Economy and Sustainability 4 (3), 1899-1912 2024



Life cycle assessment and multi-criteria decision-making for sustainable building parts: criteria, methods, and application
K Theilig, B Loureno, R Reitberger, W Lang
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1-27 2024



System Dynamics Modeling of Life Cycle Carbon Footprints for Building Wall Insulation Materials
C Zong, Y Sun, W Lang
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363 (1), 012066 2024



Multi-criteria decision making for timber constructions: analysis of ceiling types using utility analysis
K Theilig, D Merk, T Blmer, W Lang, S Winter, S Birk
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363 (1), 012096 2024



Combining parametric life cycle assessment (LCA) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) for developing sustainable residential neighborhoods
M Vollmer, K Theilig, G Hope, N Akca, W Lang, J Albus
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363 (1), 012064 2024



A systems perspective on the interactions between urban green infrastructure and the built environment
R Reitberger, N Pattnaik, L Parhizgar, C Trost, H Yazdi, MA Rahman, ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363 (1), 012071 2024



Deep learning for predictive window operation modeling in open-plan offices
F Banihashemi, M Weber, W Lang
Energy and Buildings 310, 114109 2024



Urban systems exploration: A generic process for multi-objective urban planning to support decision making in early design phases
R Reitberger, N Palm, H Palm, W Lang
Building and Environment 254, 111360 2024



Occupancy modeling on non-intrusive indoor environmental data through machine learning
F Banihashemi, M Weber, F Deghim, C Zong, W Lang
Building and Environment 254, 111382 2024



A holistic two-stage decision-making methodology for passive and active building design strategies under uncertainty
C Zong, X Chen, F Deghim, J Staudt, P Geyer, W Lang
Building and Environment 251, 111211 2024



Parametric life cycle analysis for the optimization of building construction regarding its grey CO2 emissions and operational energy demand
I Takser, R Reitberger, W Lang
# PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#, 108-113 2024



Klimagerechte Manahmen im Wohnungsbau: Nutzenbewertung durch interdisziplinre Betrachtung grau-grn-blauer Infrastruktur
L Rosenberger, D Bechtel, M Kleeberger, W Lang, B Helmreich
Scientific Board der Aqua Urbanica 2024



INNOVATION Bayerischer Bauindustrieverband eV. BUILDING LAB-kologische Optimierung und Kreislauffhigkeit
I Takser, W Lang
2024



Bezahlbar klimagerecht bauen
D Bechtel, M Kleeberger, L Rosenberger, H Kuhlwein, R Schelle, ...
Lehrstuhl fr energieeffizientes und nachhaltiges Planen und Bauen 2024



Results brochure of the research training group urban green infrastructure–training next generation professionals for integrated urban planning research
S Pauleit, I Alim, M Baghaie Poor, F Banihashemi, N Berger, M Egerer, ...
2024



Klimaanpassung in der Stadt. Anleitung fr stdtebaulich-landschaftsplanerische Wettbewerbe
S Linke, T Zlch, S Feder, EM Moseler, K Rehfeldt, D Bechtel, W Lang, ...
Stadt+ Grn 1, 40-45 2024

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Facade construction manual
T Herzog, R Krippner, W Lang
DETAIL-Institut fr internationale Architektur-Dokumentation GmbH & Co. KG 2004
Citations: 332



Energy analysis of the built environment—A review and outlook
JE Anderson, G Wulfhorst, W Lang
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 44, 149-158 2015
Citations: 292



Climate responsive building design strategies of vernacular architecture in Nepal
S Bodach, W Lang, J Hamhaber
Energy and Buildings 81, 227-242 2014
Citations: 279



Building skins
C Schittich
De Gruyter 2006
Citations: 165



A state of art of review on interactions between energy performance and indoor environment quality in Passive House buildings
Y Wang, J Kuckelkorn, FY Zhao, H Spliethoff, W Lang
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72, 1303-1319 2017
Citations: 161



Integrating requirement analysis and multi-objective optimization for office building energy retrofit strategies
Y Shao, P Geyer, W Lang
Energy and Buildings 82, 356-368 2014
Citations: 147



Materials passports-best practice
M Heinrich, W Lang
Technische Universitt Mnchen, Fakultt fr Architektur 2019
Citations: 143



The convergence of life cycle assessment and nearly zero-energy buildings: The case of Germany
M Weienberger, W Jensch, W Lang
Energy and buildings 76, 551-557 2014
Citations: 138



A framework for the joint institutionalization of climate change mitigation and adaptation in city administrations
C Gpfert, C Wamsler, W Lang
Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 24, 1-21 2019
Citations: 105



Expanding the use of life-cycle assessment to capture induced impacts in the built environment
JE Anderson, G Wulfhorst, W Lang
Building and Environment 94, 403-416 2015
Citations: 66



Uncertainty analysis of embedded energy and greenhouse gas emissions using BIM in early design stages
P Schneider-Marin, H Harter, K Tkachuk, W Lang
Sustainability 12 (7), 2633 2020
Citations: 63



Fassaden atlas
T Herzog, R Krippner, W Lang
De Gruyter 2004
Citations: 61



Uncertainty analysis of life cycle energy assessment in early stages of design
H Harter, MM Singh, P Schneider-Marin, W Lang, P Geyer
Energy and Buildings 208, 109635 2020
Citations: 60



The synergistic effect of street canyons and neighbourhood layout design on pedestrian-level thermal comfort in hot-humid area of China
S Yin, W Lang, Y Xiao
Sustainable cities and society 49, 101571 2019
Citations: 59



Environmental costs of buildings: monetary valuation of ecological indicators for the building industry
P Schneider-Marin, W Lang
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, 1637-1659 2020
Citations: 50



Institutionalizing climate change mitigation and adaptation through city advisory committees: Lessons learned and policy futures
C Gpfert, C Wamsler, W Lang
City and Environment Interactions 1, 100004 2019
Citations: 49



Multiobjective optimization of a building envelope with the use of phase change materials (PCMs) in Mediterranean climates
CA Konstantinidou, W Lang, AM Papadopoulos
International Journal of Energy Research 42 (9), 3030-3047 2018
Citations: 48



Life cycle and life cycle cost implications of integrated phase change materials in office buildings
CA Konstantinidou, W Lang, AM Papadopoulos, M Santamouris
International Journal of Energy Research 43 (1), 150-166 2019
Citations: 46



Design guidelines for energy-efficient hotels in Nepal
S Bodach, W Lang, T Auer
International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 5 (2), 411-434 2016
Citations: 44



Consistent management and evaluation of building models in the early design stages
J Abualdenien, P Schneider-Marin, A Zahedi, H Harter, H Exner, ...
Journal of Information Technology in Construction 25, 212-232 2020
Citations: 43