Yasamen Raad
@most.gov.iq
Environment and Water Directorate
Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Yasamen Raad Humudat
Clinical Biotec
Globally, the nephrology community is seeing a rise in the use of high-flux membranes and ultrapure water in hemodialysis (HD) machines. However, data on HD water quality could be more extensive in low- and middle-income countries. The Ministry of Health in Iraq issued a rule requiring a gradual modification in the HD water treatment system to adopt ultrapure water in all dialysis centers. The current study aimed to monitor the endotoxin of ultrapure dialysis fluid at several centers in Iraq and the clinical benefits of its use. This work evaluated the quality of ultrapure water used for dialysis in twenty-one dialysis centers within various Iraqi province hospitals. The samples were collected for 4 months from January to April 2022. Endotoxin tests in ultrapure dialysis fluid were measured by Gel Clot assay. Results showed an unacceptable difference in the ultrapure dialysis fluid's quality compared to the international standard (ANSI/AAMI/ISO-23500). Endotoxin levels in 33% of ultrapure dialysis fluid above 0.03 EU/ml, exceeding recommended international standards. The findings highlight the importance of assessing water quality in medical facilities to ensure patient safety and encourage sanitary monitoring of this procedure as a healthcare promoter. Keywords: Ultrapure water; Hemodiafiltration; Dialysis fluid; Endotoxin; Public Health Reform.
Yasamen Raad Humudat and Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri
Clinical Biotec
The significance of endotoxin-free, sterile dialysis fluid for long-term, high-quality hemodialysis treatment is obvious and highly desired[MF1] . The current study aimed to determine endotoxin for the water quality used in twenty hemodialysis treatment centers. Eighty samples (40 x dialysates and 40 x dialysis water) were tested for endotoxin using the LAL gel clot method. The results revealed a variation in the quality of the produced water that makes it unaccepted compared to the international standard (ANSI/AAMI/ISO-23500). Endotoxin levels were higher than (0.25 EU/ml) in 40% of dialysis water and 30% of dialysate water, higher than the recommended international standards. The results conclude that systematic water quality monitoring in hemodialysis services is essential for patient safety and health problems. Keywords: Endotoxin; Water quality; Dialysis fluid; LAL test; Hemodialysis patient
Yasamen Raad Humudat
Clinical Biotec
Anemia is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is linked to a decrease in patients' quality of life, a rise in morbidity and mortality, and an acceleration in CKD progression. This study aimed to investigate the hematological profile of chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and to correlate the same with anemia. Fifty (54% males and 46% females) with ages ranging from 18-76 years of patients with CKD and on regular maintenance hemodialysis not less than three months at the Iraqi center for dialysis in Baghdad teaching hospital, and 30 healthy adults were recruited into the study. Hemoglobin concentration, red cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count, ESR, CRP and HCV were assessed for the subjects and controls. Results were analyzed using a t-test independent, and the data were retrieved from the laboratory information system in the hospital. Red blood cell count was reduced in nearly all (96%) of the study patients, while ESR was elevated in (98%) and CRP was elevated in (95%). All patients suffered anemia in HD patients. Most of the patients' WBCs and platelet counts were normal. Anti-HCV antibodies were positive in 15 (30%) of these patients, with non-significant differences in both genders. The study concludes that anemia is a significant comorbidity in hemodialysis patients, with several factors contributing to it, and thorough workup and successful treatment of anemia are essential in this group of patients. Keywords: Anemia; Hematological profile; Hemodialysis; Hepatitis; chronic kidney disease
Yasamen Raad Humudat, Saadi Kadhim Al‐Naseri, and Natheer Jamal Imran
Wiley
Yasamen R. Humudat, Saadi K. Al-Naseri, Mohammed A. Abdul-Majeed, Mahdi Sh. Jaafar, Amer N. Al-Naem, and Lubna A. Najim
Desalination Publications
Yasamen Raad Humudat, Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri, and Mahdi Shanshal Jaafar's
Desalination Publications
The current conventional disinfection for municipal water relies primarily on chlorine disinfection alone, in spite of its high running cost and its production of disinfection by-products. Ultrasonic disinfection is a physical technology widely accepted and continuously appraised as an alternative to conventional techniques for water disinfection. The efficiency of using the ultrasonic disinfection technique was evaluated and compared to the conventional chlorination technique using HOCl. Hybrid treatment was also investigated via the combination of both types of treatment. A laboratory-scale unit was constructed to carry out disinfection experiments using synthetic water (feed solution) prepared with a known concentration of Escherichia coli. The results showed that all the tested treatment methods are capable, to some degree, of inactivating E. coli in water. However, the best treatment option was achieved when coupling ultrasonic and HOCl for disinfection. This kind of treatment significantly reduces the concentration of bacteria higher than using each treatment alone. Thus, the ultrasonic technique is a better option for disinfection enhancement when combined with HOCl, in terms of inactivation of E. coli bacteria in municipal water.
Yasamen Raad Humudat and Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri
Blacksmith Institute
Background. Dialysis water quality is one of the most important factors for ensuring the safe and effective delivery of hemodialysis. It has been known for over a decade that there might be hazardous contaminants in the water and concentrates used to prepare dialysis fluid. Rigorous international standards for the purification of dialysis fluids have been established, which were used in the present study to compare the quality of dialysis water as there is no national standard for dialysis water quality in Iraq. Objectives. There are more than 20 dialysis centers in Iraq, most of which contain similar units for the processing of dialysis water. The present study evaluated the quality of water used for dialysis in four dialysis centers located within Baghdad hospitals. Methods. Physical and chemical tests were carried out in the laboratory after sampling water from each dialysis center. Water samples were collected from three locations in each dialysis center. Hospital municipal water samples were collected from the tanks feeding dialysis units; samples of dialysis water were collected from the dialysis water treatment unit outlets; and samples of dialysis water were collected from the distribution network in dialysis rooms. Results. The results showed a fluctuation in the quality of the dialysis water (dialysis water and water from the dialysis distribution network), indicating that it is unacceptable compared to international standards. Chemical analysis showed that 75% of the dialysis water had elevated aluminum concentrations. Chemical analysis also found that dialysis water had elevated concentrations of free residual chlorine at some dialysis centers. Conclusions. All hemodialysis centers need careful monitoring and preventive maintenance to ensure good water quality. In addition, it is important to revise the design of the water treatment units according to water quality. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests
Yasamen R. Humudat and Saadi K. Al-Naseri
Desalination Publications
Yasamen R. Humudat, Saadi K. Al-Naseri, and Yaaroub F. Al-Fatlawy
Wiley
Monitoring water quality in hemodialysis systems is extremely important to maintain adequate quality services for patients suffering from kidney failure. This work aims to examine and evaluate bacteriological characteristics and endotoxin contamination levels in hemodialysis water produced in dialysis centers. Forty-eight water samples were collected and analyzed from four major hospitals in Baghdad for one year to evaluate seasonal effects. The analysis included the determination of total heterotrophic bacteria using the pour plate method, identification of bacterial isolate using the Vitek2 compact instrument, and the determination of endotoxins levels using Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) method. In addition, tap water samples (a source for the hemodialysis water) were also examined bacteriologically. Results showed that 44% of the tested samples for bacterial levels are higher than the maximum value of (100 CFU/ml) set out by the international standards. Endotoxin values for these centers fluctuated during the study period and 44% of them exceeded the international standards (>0.25 EU/ml). These results call for applying improved technology to modify the existing water treatment units for better control and for national standardization of the microbiological quality of hemodialysis water.
Yasamen R. Humudat, Saadi K. Al-Naseri, and Yaaroub F. Al-Fatlawy
Desalination Publications
Yasamen Raad Humudat and Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri
Blacksmith Institute
Background. The kidney is the first target organ of heavy metal toxicity due to its capacity to reabsorb and accumulate divalent metals. Hemodialysis therapy is used to purify the blood of individuals with impaired kidney function. Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between dialysis fluid quality and the health of hemodialysis patients. Methods. A field sampling program was conducted to collect blood samples from 320 hemodialysis patients (56% males and 44% females) in order to examine the concentrations of heavy metals that typically occur in municipal water in Baghdad (aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)), and explore associations with the same metals in dialysis fluid collected from four major dialysis centers in Baghdad hospitals for a period of one year (2018). Results. The results showed that the dialysis fluid quality was not in compliance with international standards. The dialysis fluid in 63% of the samples contained high Al concentrations, while Cu and Zn concentrations were within international standards. Lead concentrations were elevated in dialysis fluid in some hospitals as well. Discussion. The average blood levels of biologically important heavy elements were significantly varied in hemodialysis patients when compared with local reference values. Conclusions. Since both deficiency and excess elements are potentially harmful, the hypothesis that heavy element status affects the risk of adverse clinical outcomes is a worthy investigation. Participant Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. The study was approved by the Baghdad Ethics Committee of the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Yasmen Raad Humudat, S. Al-Naseri and Suadad Awad Kadhim
University of Baghdad College of Science
Microbial desalination cell (MDC) has been created for expelling water saltiness, power generation, and wastewater administration. The MDC comprised of three chambers (anode, center desalination, and cathode).Were tested ability of type locally isolated bacteria Bacillus spp.in produce electricity to water desalination. In recent study results showed that a remove where the salinity recorded 4000 ppm at room temperature at the voltages of 0.6 volts and less salinity at room temperature at 0.2 volts was 200 ppm. Recent results highlight the need to reduce time for reduce salinity decreased from 3500 ppm to 500 ppm the eleventh day at a voltage of 0.5 volts that depended on type of substrate.