Enhancing Antibiotic Effect by Photodynamic: The Case of Klebsiella pneumoniae Koteswara Rao Yerra, Vanderlei S. Bagnato Antibiotics, 2025 Background: The effect of antibiotics can be severely affected by external factors. Combining the oxidative impact of photodynamic therapy with antibiotics is largely unexplored, which may result in positive results with great impact on clinical applications. In particular, that can be relevant in the case of antibiotic resistance. Objectives: In this study, we examined the effects of aPDT using the photosensitizers (PSs), methylene blue (MB) or Photodithazine (PDZ), both alone and in combination with the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamicin (GEN), and ceftriaxone (CEF), against the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: A standard suspension of K. pneumoniae was subjected to PDT with varying doses of MB and PDZ solutions, using a 75 mW/cm2 LED emitting at 660 nm with an energy of 15 J/cm2. The MICs of CIP, GEN, and CEF were determined using the broth dilution method. We also tested the photosensitizers MB or PDZ as potentiating agents for synergistic combinations with antibiotics CIP, GEN, and CEF against K. pneumoniae. Results: The results showed that MB was more effective in inhibiting survival and killing K. pneumoniae compared to PDZ. The tested antibiotics CIP, GEN, and CEF suppressed bacterial growth (as shown by reduced MIC values) and effectively killed K. pneumoniae (reduced Log CFU/mL). While antibiotic treatment or aPDT alone showed a moderate effect (1 Log10 to 2 Log10 CFU reduction) on killing K. pneumoniae, the combination therapy significantly increased bacterial death, resulting in a ≥3 Log10 to 6 Log10 CFU reduction. Conclusions: Our study indicates that pre-treating bacteria with PDT makes them more susceptible to antibiotics and could serve as an alternative for treating local infections caused by resistant bacteria or even reduce the required antibiotic dosage. This work explores numerous possible combinations of PDT and antibiotics, emphasizing their interdependence in controlling infections and the unique properties each PS-antibiotic combination offers. Clinical application for the combination is a promising reality since both are individually already adopted in clinical use.
Combined Antibiotic and Photodynamic Therapies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: From Synergy to Antagonism Amanda C. Zangirolami, Koteswara Rao Yerra, Vladislav V. Yakovlev, Kate C. Blanco, Vanderlei S. Bagnato Antibiotics, 2024 Background: Antibiotics remain the most effective option for combating infections. However, the situation has shifted from ideal to concerning, as bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing in both prevalence and strength. Objectives: This study explores the synergistic/antagonistic potential of combining antibiotic and photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: We conducted in vitro experiments to observe the effect of the sequential application of antibiotics and photodynamic therapy with a time interval between them. The antibiotics used were ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin, and Photodithazine was employed as the photosensitizer, with the PDT performed at different light doses of 660 nm radiation. Results: The combined effect was highly dependent on the antibiotic. While for gentamicin, the combination of antibiotic and PDT treatment was always synergistic, for ciprofloxacin, it could be severely antagonistic. Each antibiotic exhibited a distinctive pattern of interaction with PDT. Gentamicin resulted in the largest enhancement in bactericidal activity combined with PDT, requiring lower antibiotic concentrations to achieve significant bacterial reduction. Ceftriaxone’s bactericidal action was less influenced by PDT intensity, maintaining a stable efficacy regardless of different PDT dosages. Conversely, the outcome of ciprofloxacin was highly dependent on the antibiotic concentration changing from synergic to antagonistic action. Conclusions: The findings advocate for the development of treatment protocols that combine antibiotics and PDT and necessitate the establishment of the criterion for the dosage and periodicity of administration of such combination protocols. The demonstrated results open the doors wide to new applications and opportunities to combat infectious diseases through the combined use of photodynamic therapy and antibiotics.
The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Mushroom-Derived Antrocin Encodes Two Dual-Functional Haloacid Dehalogenase-like Terpene Cyclases Tzu‐Ho Chen, Chien‐Ting Chen, Chi‐Fang Lee, Rou‐Jie Huang, Kuan‐Lin Chen, et al. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2023 (−)‐Antrocin (1), produced by the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea, is a potent antiproliferative compound. The biosynthetic gene cluster of 1 was identified, and the pathway was characterized by heterologous expression. We characterized a haloacid dehalogenase‐like terpene cyclase AncC that biosynthesizes the drimane‐type sesquiterpene (+)‐albicanol (2) from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). Biochemical characterization of AncC, including kinetic studies and mutagenesis, demonstrated the functions of two domains: a terpene cyclase (TC) and a pyrophosphatase (PPase). The TC domain first cyclizes FPP to albicanyl pyrophosphate, and the PPase domain then removes the pyrophosphate to form 2. Intriguingly, AncA (94 % sequence identity to AncC), in the same gene cluster, converts FPP into (R)‐trans‐γ‐monocyclofarnesol instead of 2. Notably, Y283/F375 in the TC domain of AncA serve as a gatekeeper in controlling the formation of a cyclofarnesoid rather than a drimane‐type scaffold.
Antioxidant activities of underexplored Chinese medicinal plant parts and their effect against high glucose-induced modulation of fibronectin expression B Sridharan, Y X Zhong, Y K Rao, Y M Tzeng, M J Lee Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2021 Diabetes has been a long-standing disorder and its management has been challenging various medical and research experts for several decades because of its complex causative factors and pathophysiological processes leading to complications. Medicinal plants have been explored in several countries and traditional Chinese medicine is one of the well-recognized alternative treatment methods. In this study, we have chosen some of the underexplored plant parts of Chinese medicinal herbs and analyzed their antioxidant activity and ability to modulate the expression of fibronectin during high glucose conditions. Extraction of the plant materials with different solvent led to 17 extracts and among which, 3 extracts (2, 12 & 17) were observed to render more than 50 μg/ml vitamin C equivalents of DPPH free radical scavenging ability and 2 of them (2 & 17) showed more than 25 μg/ml of vitamin C equivalents of ferric ion reducing power. Based on the antioxidant activity and comparison of their total phenolic content, we used extracts 2 & 17 to check their effect on fibronectin expression in MES-13 cells under high sugar conditions. We observed that both extracts showed a significant reduction of fibronectin expression compared to untreated cells with high glucose levels. The expression was much lesser than the normal untreated, normal sugar supplemented cells and this was not observed in vitamin C supplemented cells. In conclusion, crude extracts containing a group of phenolic compounds have shown significant effects against fibronectin expression leading to reduced ECM deposition and tissue fibrosis. Further exploration might provide insights into the exact mechanism and checkpoints of the extract that can successfully reduce diabetes-induced renal complications.
Synthetic 4-Hydroxy Auxarconjugatin B, a Novel Autophagy Inducer, Attenuates Gouty Inflammation by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome Chih-Yu Hsieh, Lan-Hui Li, Yulin Lam, Zhanxiong Fang, Chin Heng Gan, et al. Cells, 2020 Gouty arthritis results from the generation of uric acid crystals within the joints. These uric acid crystals activate the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, including gouty arthritis. This study identified the polyenylpyrrole derivative 4-hydroxy auxarconjugatin B (4-HAB), a novel autophagy inducer, which attenuated uric acid crystals-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. 4-HAB dose-dependently reduced the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, active caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) in uric acid crystals-activated macrophages. In a mechanistic study, 4-HAB was shown to inhibit uric acid crystals-induced mitochondrial damage, lysosomal rupture and ASC oligomerization. Additionally, 4-HAB inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome through Sirt1-dependent autophagy induction. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of 4-HAB were confirmed in a mouse model of uric acid crystals-mediated peritonitis by the reduced levels of neutrophil influx, IL-1β, active caspase-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 in lavage fluids. In conclusion, 4-HAB attenuates gouty inflammation, in part by attenuating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the Sirt1/autophagy induction pathway.
Glucosamine inhibits IL-1β expression by preserving mitochondrial integrity and disrupting assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome Hsiao-Wen Chiu, Lan-Hui Li, Chih-Yu Hsieh, Yerra Koteswara Rao, Fang-Hsin Chen, et al. Scientific Reports, 2019 The NLRP3 inflammasome promotes the pathogenesis of metabolic, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. Increasing evidences show that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Glucosamine is widely used as a dietary supplement to promote the health of cartilage tissue and is expected to exert anti-inflammatory activity in joint inflammation, which is a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-associated complication. Here, we investigated whether GlcN inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that GlcN suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse and human macrophages. A mechanistic study revealed that GlcN inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β precursor by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. GlcN also suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial integrity loss in NLRP3-activated macrophages. Additionally, GlcN disrupted NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by inhibiting NLRP3 binding to PKR, NEK7 and ASC. Furthermore, oral administration of GlcN reduced peritoneal neutrophils influx and lavage fluids concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 MCP-1 and TNF-α in uric acid crystal-injected mice. These results indicated that GlcN might be a novel dietary supplement for the amelioration of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated complications.
Mechanistic insight into the attenuation of gouty inflammation by Taiwanese green propolis via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome Chih‐Yu Hsieh, Lan‐Hui Li, Yerra Koteswara Rao, Tz‐Chuen Ju, Yu‐Shin Nai, et al. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2019 Dysregulation of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including gouty arthritis. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires priming and activation signals: the priming signal controls the expression of NLRP3 and interleukin (IL)‐1β precursor (proIL‐1β), while the activation signal leads to the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and to caspase‐1 activation. Here, we reported the effects of the alcoholic extract of Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) on the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. TGP inhibited proIL‐1β expression by reducing nuclear factor kappa B activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated macrophages. Additionally, TGP also suppressed the activation signal by reducing mitochondrial damage, ROS production, lysosomal rupture, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases 1/2 phosphorylation and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein oligomerization. Furthermore, we found that TGP inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome partially via autophagy induction. In the in vivo mouse model of uric acid crystal‐induced peritonitis, TGP attenuated the peritoneal recruitment of neutrophils, and the levels of IL‐1β, active caspase‐1, IL‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in lavage fluids. As a proof of principle, in this study, we purified a known compound, propolin G, from TGP and identified this compound as a potential inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results indicated that TGP might be useful for ameliorating gouty inflammation via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Ergosterol peroxide from marine fungus Phoma sp. induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells Han-Ying Wu, Feng-Ling Yang, Lan-Hui Li, Yerra Koteswara Rao, Tz-Chuen Ju, et al. Scientific Reports, 2018 As part of our ongoing search for novel therapeutic structures from microorganism, the chemical examination of marine fungus Phoma sp. resulted in the isolation of ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide (EP), and 9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide (DEP). The bioassay results demonstrated that the three isolates reduced the viability of various cancer cells, with EP being highest in human lung cancer cell line A549 cells. EP induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial damage in A549 cells. Additionally, EP-induced ROS generation and apoptosis were attenuated by ROS-generating enzymes inhibitors and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, indicated that ROS played an important role in EP-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. Furthermore, it was observed that EP induced ROS-dependent autophagy, which attenuated apoptosis in A549 cells. On the other hand, EP reduced the LPS/ATP-induced proliferation and migration of A549 cells through attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Additionally, EP showed synergistic cytotoxic effect with antitumor drug Sorafenib in A549 cell viability inhibition. Furthermore, Micro-Western Array and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the protein levels of EGFR, HSP27, MEK5, AKT1, mTOR, Smad2, Smad3, TAB1, NF-κB, and HIF1-α decreased, while the levels of p-p38α, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, fibronectin and p27 increased. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrated that EP might be useful to develop a therapeutic candidate for lung cancer complications.
3,3',4',5'-tetramethoxychalcone inhibits human oral cancer cell proliferation and migration via p53-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis Anticancer Research, 2014
A mild and facile synthesis of substituted pyrroles using silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate as a heterogeneous catalyst Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2006
Two new 5-deoxyflavonoids from Calliandra inermis Muchchintala Maheswara, Yerra Koteswara Rao, Vidavalur Siddaiah, Chunduri Venkata Rao, Kasi Viswanatham Somayajulu, et al. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004
Two new 5-deoxyflavones from Albizia odoratissima Yerra Koteswara Rao, Mopur Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Chunduri Venkata Rao, Duvvuru Gunasekar, Alan Blond, et al. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2002
Dual-photosensitizer antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (DaPDT) and its combination with antibiotics: a new investigation modality against Klebsiella pneumoniae KR Yerra, VS Bagnato Pharmaceutics 18 (5), 587-1 , 2026 2026
The Combined Photosensitizers in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: The Case of Methylene Blue and Photodithazine Against Klebsiella pneumoniae KR Yerra, JM Soares, VS Bagnato International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26 (20), 10211 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Enhancing Antibiotic Effect by Photodynamic: The Case of Klebsiella pneumoniae YK Rao, VS Bagnato Antibiotics 14 (8), 766 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Taxol and Camptothecin: Chemistry, bioactivity, and biological production YK Rao doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-ntvbr , 2025 2025
Cinnamaldehyde inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory response by reducing oxidative stress in Neisseria gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages KF Hua, HW Chiu, MM Chen, WT Wong, WC Tsai, WY Lin, CH Wu, ... Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Pesquisadores unem luz e antibióticos em uma nova estratégia contra superbactérias hospitalares VS Bagnato, KR Yerra Portal IFSC 10 , 2025 2025
Exploring Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, as a novel inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome: alleviating inflammation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection WY Lin, JL Tsui, HW Chiu, WT Wong, CH Wu, HT Hsu, CL Ho, SP Yeh, ... BMC Infectious Diseases 24 (1), 1338 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Combined Antibiotic and Photodynamic Therapies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: From Synergy to Antagonism VSB A.C. Zangirolami, Koteswara Rao Yerra, V. V. Yakovlev, K.C. Blanco Antibiotics 13 (12), 1111 , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Mushroom‐Derived Antrocin Encodes Two Dual‐Functional Haloacid Dehalogenase‐like Terpene Cyclases TH Chen, CT Chen, CF Lee, RJ Huang, KL Chen, YC Lu, SY Liang, ... Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62 (9), e202215566 , 2023 2023 Citations: 26
A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Future Prospective of Dietary Medicinal plant Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira YKR Shui-Tein Chen Current Research in Complementary & Alternative Medicine 6, 160 , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
An overview of agarwood, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and analyses ST Chen, YK Rao Traditional Medicine 3 (1), 1-71 , 2022 2022 Citations: 18
Antioxidant activities of underexplored Chinese medicinal plant parts and their effect against high glucose-induced modulation of fibronectin expression B Sridharan, YX Zhong, YK Rao, YM Tzeng, MJ Lee IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 858 (1), 012006 , 2021 2021
Synthetic 4-hydroxy auxarconjugatin B, a novel autophagy inducer, attenuates gouty inflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome CY Hsieh, LH Li, Y Lam, Z Fang, CH Gan, YK Rao, HW Chiu, WT Wong, ... Cells 9 (2), 279 , 2020 2020 Citations: 31
Glucosamine inhibits IL-1β expression by preserving mitochondrial integrity and disrupting assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome HW Chiu, LH Li, CY Hsieh, YK Rao, FH Chen, A Chen, SM Ka, KF Hua Scientific reports 9 (1), 5603 , 2019 2019 Citations: 79
Mechanistic insight into the attenuation of gouty inflammation by Taiwanese green propolis via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome CY Hsieh, LH Li, YK Rao, TC Ju, YS Nai, YW Chen, KF Hua Journal of cellular physiology 234 (4), 4081-4094 , 2019 2019 Citations: 59
Ergosterol peroxide from marine fungus Phoma sp . induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells HY Wu, FL Yang, LH Li, YK Rao, TC Ju, WT Wong, CY Hsieh, MV Pivkin, ... Scientific Reports 8 (1), 17956 , 2018 2018 Citations: 102
Russian Propolis Inhibits NLRPS Inflammasome in Macrophagers KFH Jen-Che Cheng, Yerra Koteswara Rao The 33rd Joint Annual Conference of Biomedical Science (JACBS), March 24–25 … , 2018 2018
Repositioning of the β-Blocker Carvedilol as a Novel Autophagy Inducer That Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome KFH Wei-Ting Wong, Lan-Hui Li, Yerra Koteswara Rao, Shih-Ping Yang, Shu-Meng ... Frontiers in Immunology 9, 1920 , 2018 2018 Citations: 78
Anti-cancer activities of extracts from Marasmius oreades YMT Ya-Fan Liao, Yerra Koteswara Rao Global Summit on Oncology & Cancer, May 25-27, 2017 Osaka, Japan , 2017 2017
In vitro production of Echioidinin, 7- O -methywogonin from callus cultures of Andrographis lineata and their cytotoxicity on cancer cells. AM Arifullah Mohammed, KK Chiruvella, YK Rao, ... 2015
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Flavonoids and andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata Y Koteswara Rao, G Vimalamma, C Venkata Rao, YM Tzeng Phytochemistry 65 (16), 2317-2321 , 2004 2004 Citations: 361
Amberlyst-15: An efficient reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and 1, 8-dioxo-decahydroacridines B Das, P Thirupathi, I Mahender, VS Reddy, YK Rao Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 247 (1-2), 233-239 , 2006 2006 Citations: 350
Differential effects of synthesized 2′-oxygenated chalcone derivatives: modulation of human cell cycle phase distribution YK Rao, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 12 (10), 2679-2686 , 2004 2004 Citations: 206
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of naturally occurring phenolic and related compounds: a comparative study YK Rao, M Geethangili, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Food and Chemical Toxicology 45 (9), 1770-1776 , 2007 2007 Citations: 204
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation tumoral cells activities of Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis, and Cinnamomum osmophloeum bark extracts YK Rao, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Journal of ethnopharmacology 114 (1), 78-85 , 2007 2007 Citations: 203
Flavanoids from Caesalpinia pulcherrima K Srinivas, Y Koteswara Rao, I Mahender, B Das, KVS Rama Krishna, ... Phytochemistry 63 (7), 789-793 , 2003 2003 Citations: 192
Anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima YK Rao, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Journal of ethnopharmacology 100 (3), 249-253 , 2005 2005 Citations: 184
Anti-oxidant and inflammatory mediator's growth inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria SH Fang, YK Rao, YM Tzeng Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116 (2), 333-340 , 2008 2008 Citations: 180
Cytotoxic constituents from Andrographis paniculata induce cell cycle arrest in jurkat cells M Geethangili, YK Rao, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological … , 2008 2008 Citations: 166
Constituents isolated from Cordyceps militaris suppress enhanced inflammatory mediator's production and human cancer cell proliferation YK Rao, SH Fang, WS Wu, YM Tzeng Journal of Ethnopharmacology 131 (2), 363-367 , 2010 2010 Citations: 160
Cytotoxic triterpenes from Antrodia camphorata and their mode of action in HT-29 human colon cancer cells CT Yeh, YK Rao, CJ Yao, CF Yeh, CH Li, SE Chuang, JHT Luong, GM Lai, ... Cancer letters 285 (1), 73-79 , 2009 2009 Citations: 155
A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridines using heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free conditions M Maheswara, V Siddaiah, YK Rao, YM Tzeng, C Sridhar Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 260 (1-2), 179-180 , 2006 2006 Citations: 149
Antiinflammatory activities of flavonoids and a triterpene caffeate isolated from Bauhinia variegata YK Rao, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Phytotherapy research 22 (7), 957-962 , 2008 2008 Citations: 140
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3′, 4′, 5′-trimethoxychalcone analogues as inhibitors of nitric oxide production and tumor cell proliferation YK Rao, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 17 (23), 7909-7914 , 2009 2009 Citations: 137
A solvent-free synthesis of coumarins via Pechmann condensation using heterogeneous catalyst M Maheswara, V Siddaiah, GLV Damu, YK Rao, CV Rao Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 255 (1-2), 49-52 , 2006 2006 Citations: 135
Inhibitory effects of flavonol glycosides from Cinnamomum osmophloeum on inflammatory mediators in LPS/IFN-γ-activated murine macrophages SH Fang, YK Rao, YM Tzeng Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 13 (7), 2381-2388 , 2005 2005 Citations: 135
The constituents of Anisomeles indica and their anti-inflammatory activities YK Rao, SH Fang, SC Hsieh, TH Yeh, YM Tzeng Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 (2), 292-296 , 2009 2009 Citations: 133
Inhibitory effects of the flavonoids isolated from Waltheria indica on the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-12 in activated macrophages YK Rao, SH Fang, YM Tzeng Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 28 (5), 912-915 , 2005 2005 Citations: 112
Andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata attenuate high glucose-induced fibrosis and apoptosis in murine renal mesangeal cell lines MJ Lee, YK Rao, K Chen, YC Lee, YS Chung, YM Tzeng Journal of ethnopharmacology 132 (2), 497-505 , 2010 2010 Citations: 109
Highly efficient, mild and chemo-and stereoselective synthesis of enaminones and enamino esters using silica supported perchloric acid under solvent-free conditions B Das, K Venkateswarlu, A Majhi, MR Reddy, KN Reddy, YK Rao, ... Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 246 (1-2), 276-281 , 2006 2006 Citations: 104