Effects of Chaenomeles japonica Fruit Juice on Energy Balance and Biochemical and Histological Parameters in a Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats Klementina Moneva-Marinova, Silvia Gancheva, Miroslav Eftimov, Maria Tzaneva, Milena Todorova, et al. Pharmaceuticals, 2026 Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of Chaenomeles japonica fruit juice (CJFJ) on energy balance and biochemical and histological parameters in rats with diet-induced MS. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were allocated into five groups. For ten weeks, the Control group received a standard laboratory diet and tap water, while the other groups were given a high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet. The Control and MS groups were treated with distilled water, while the other three groups were treated with CJFJ at increasing doses. Results: Rats on an HFHF diet consumed less food and more liquids and had a higher caloric intake than the Control group. Among the CJFJ-treated animals, an increased food consumption, as well as an increased total caloric intake, and no difference in body weight gain were observed in comparison with the MS group. CJFJ did not affect glucose tolerance or the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. CJFJ prevented an HFHF-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase and caused a decrease in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum. The medium CJFJ dose prevented an HFHF-induced increase in adipose tissue indices. Liver and adipose tissue histology revealed a protective effect of CJFJ. Conclusions: CJFJ may exert beneficial effects on visceral adiposity, oxidative status, and histopathological changes in the liver and adipose tissue in rats with diet-induced MS.
Anethole improves spatial memory and reduces oxidative stress in rats on a calorie-dense diet E. Rafailova, S. Gancheva, M. Eftimov, M. Reyzov, K. Moneva-Marinova, et al. Acta Alimentaria, 2026 The fragrant organic monoterpene anethole is a component of anise and fennel essential oils. The research intended to evaluate the effects of anethole on spatial memory and oxidative stress in rats on a calorie-dense diet (CDD). Male Wistar rats ( n = 50) were allocated into 5 groups: Control, CDD, CDD + A62.5, CDD + A125, and CDD + A250. The dietary intervention lasted for 10 weeks, during which anethole at doses 62.5, 125, and 250 mg kg −1 was daily orally administered to the last three groups. In the 9th week, the open field test (OFT) for locomotor activity and the spatial object recognition test for spatial memory assessment were carried out. At the end of the experiment, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured in serum, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in whole-brain homogenate as markers of lipid peroxidation. The OFT showed no significant differences in the locomotor activity across the groups. The consumption of CDD resulted in a decline in spatial memory manifested by the decrease of the recognition index, while anethole treatment prevented this effect in a concentration-dependent manner. In CDD group, the activity of SOD was significantly reduced ( P < 0 .05 vs. Control), while the brain TBARS were significantly elevated ( P < 0 .05 vs. Control). SOD level in CDD + A250 group was comparable to that of the control group. TBARS levels in all anethole-treated groups did not differ significantly from the control value. In conclusion, anethole prevented CDD-induced spatial memory impairment and reduced oxidative stress in rats on a calorie-dense diet.
Repeatability and Variability of a High-Fat High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Model in Young Adult Male Wistar Rats Danail Pavlov, Silvia Gancheva, Klementina Moneva-Marinova, Antoaneta Georgieva, Milena Todorova, et al. Methods and Protocols, 2026 Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy metabolism characterized by persistently high prevalence and significant medical and economic burden on society. An effective animal model that closely replicates the key features of the syndrome in humans is essential for evaluating therapeutic strategies aimed at improving health outcomes. High-calorie diet-induced animal models of metabolic syndrome are preferred by many research groups for studying its pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. However, there are numerous variations in the types and proportions of carbohydrates and/or fats in the diets used. In 2015, our research team developed a diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome in young adult male Wistar rats that was based on adding 17% animal fat and 17% fructose to the standard rat chow and 10% fructose to the drinking water. This model reliably induced the morphometric and biochemical alterations that represent the core diagnostic features of the syndrome in humans. Since its initial introduction, we have utilized the high-fat high-fructose diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome/obesity in ten experimental studies. The current paper provides a protocol for applying the model, presents its repeatability and discusses the variability in the morphometric, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and behavioral data of 10 experimental studies on Wistar rats.
KOCHIA SCOPARIA SEED INFUSION AMELIORATES BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT IN RATS SUBJECTED TO CALORIE-DENSE DIET M. Reyzov, S. Gancheva, M. Eftimov, M. Todorova, S. Valcheva-Kuzmanova, et al. Acta Medica Bulgarica, 2025 Aim The current study aimed to assess the effects of aqueous Kochia scoparia seeds infusions (KSSls) on the behavioral indices of anxiety, depression, and spatial memory impairment in rats receiving a calorie-dense diet (CDD). Materials and Methods Five groups (n = 10 each) of male Wistar rats were used. For ten weeks, the control group received a standard laboratory diet, and the other groups – CDD. KSSls were prepared at increasing strengths by soaking 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g Kochia scoparia seeds in 100 ml of boiling water and were given orally ad libitum to groups named CDD+1.5KSSl, CDD+3KSSl and CDD+6KSSl, respectively. The anxiety-like behavior was assessed by the open field test (OFT) and the social interaction test (SlT), the depression-like state – by the forced swim test (FST), and the spatial memory – by the object location test (OLT). Results KSSl-treated animals spent more time in the central zone in the OFT and demonstrated lower immobility time in the FST compared to the CDD group. As revealed by the OLT, CDD induced the impairment of the spatial memory of the rats and the highest strength of KSSl prevented the changes. Conclusion Our results suggest that KSSl might exert anxiolytic-like, antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects in rats receiving a calorie-dense diet.
BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC JAPANESE QUINCE FRUIT JUICE ADMINISTRATION TO RATS WITH DIET-INDUCED METABOLIC SYNDROME K. Moneva-Marinova, E. Rafailova, M. Reyzov, M. Todorova, M. Eftimov, et al. Acta Medica Bulgarica, 2024 Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MS) is often associated with anxiety and depression. Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl, also known as Chaenomeles maulei or Japanese quince, is a medicinal plant with a long history of use forits health-promoting properties. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Japanese quince fruit juice (JQFJ) administration on locomotor activity, anxiety and depressive behavior in rats with diet-induced MS. Materials and methods Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: MS, MS+JQFJ2.5, MS+JQFJ5 and MS+JQFJ10. All groups received a high-fat high-fructose diet for the induction of MS. MS animals were daily orally treated with distilled water and the other groups with JQFJ at doses of 2.5 ml/kg, 5 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg, respectively. During the 10th week of the experiment, behavioral tests were carried out. Results In the open Held test, no effect of JQFJ treatment on locomotor activity was observed. In the elevated plus maze test, a dose-dependent increase in the time spent in the open arms (OA) of the apparatus and in the ratio time spent in OA vs. total time spent in any of the arms was interpreted as an anxiolytic effect. The immobility time in the forced swim test did not differ significantly among the groups, which demonstrated a lack of anti-depressant action. Conclusions Chronic Japanese quince fruit juice administration produced a dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effect in rats with diet-induced MS, probably due to its high content of polyphenols.
Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and obesity in a rat model of metabolic syndrome M. Reyzov, M. Eftimov, S. Gancheva, M. Todorova, M. Zhelyazkova-Savova, et al. Acta Alimentaria, 2022 Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a serious health condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of polyphenol-rich Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) on glucose tolerance, triglyceride levels, and adipose tissue in rats with MS induced by high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet. Fifty rats were allocated in 5 groups: control, MS, MS+AMFJ2.5, MS+AMFJ5, and MS+AMFJ10. In the course of 10 weeks, the control group was on a regular rat diet while the other groups received HFHF diet. During the experiment, control and MS groups were treated daily orally with distilled water (10.0 mL kg−1) and the other three groups – with AMFJ at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mL kg−1, respectively. In MS rats, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, visceral obesity, and increased adipocyte size were observed. In AMFJ-treated groups, the serum glucose and triglycerides, as well as visceral fat and adipocyte size decreased significantly and did not differ from those of the control group. AMFJ at doses 2.5 and 5.0 mL kg−1 showed an anti-apoptotic activity in adipocytes, while at the dose of 10 mL kg−1 a pro-apoptotic effect was detected. In conclusion, AMFJ could antagonise most of the negative consequences of HFHF diet on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat MS model.
Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Eugenol in a Model of Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats V. Kirkov, R. Zlatanova-Velikova, A. Vodenicharova, N. Leventi Acta Medica Bulgarica, 2021 Providing a good quality in higher education should be the result of the interaction between the academic team, the students and the institutional learning environment. The quality is guaranteed by the learning environment in which the content of the programs and training opportunities is appropriate for the particular purpose. Aim: To study the organization, quality, consistency and satisfaction in practical training. Materials and Methods: This article presents and analyzes the results of a survey by medical graduates about their assessment of the organization and quality of training during the undergraduate internship. Results: The results show that the practical training of medical graduates is generally at a very high level, according to the indicators, examined in our study. Conclusion: More efforts in improving quality of education are welcome.
Statins, vascular calcification, and vitamin K-dependent proteins: Is there a relation? Maria D. Zhelyazkova‐Savova, Yoto T. Yotov, Miglena N. Nikolova, Neshe F. Nazifova‐Tasinova, Deyana G. Vankova, et al. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021 The present cross‐sectional clinical study aimed to examine the connection between statin exposure, coronary artery calcification (CAC), and vitamin K‐dependent proteins (VKDPs) in patients with cardiovascular (CV) conditions. Two groups of patients were studied: patients with established CV disease (CVD) and healthy patients at moderate risk for CVD (a control group). The groups were also split into statin users and non‐users. The following VKDPs were measured in plasma: uncarboxylated Matrix Gla‐protein (ucMGP), undercarboxylated (ucOC), and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC), Gla‐rich protein (GRP). CAC score (CACS) was determined by multislice computed tomography. Among all the participants in the study, CACS was more pronounced in statin users compared to non‐users; the same was found also among the CVD patients and among the controls. While the levels of ucMGP and GRP did not differ between statin users and non‐users, ucOC and ucOC/cOC were significantly elevated in statin users, indicating vitamin K deficiency. There was a positive correlation between the levels of ucOC and CACS in the entire population and in the group of statin users, but not in statin non‐users. No association was found between ucMGP or GRP and CACS. Statins had also an impact on the international normalized ratio and interacted with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Our results are in agreement with the existing evidence about positive association between statins and vascular calcification. They enlighten to a certain extent the possible mechanisms through which statins may enhance calcium accumulation in arterial wall, namely, by inhibition of vitamin K dependent proteins and functions involved in vascular protection.
Antiobesity, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of aqueous infusion of Kochia scoparia seeds in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 2020
[Drug therapy for diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and breastfeeding in the beginning of 21 century: status quo and new challenges]. Akusherstvo I Ginekologii Combining Double Inverted Breve A, 2012
A study on the potential of isoteoline to induce tolerance to its anxiolytic efect and withdrawal anxiety after chronic treatment Autonomic and Autacoid Pharmacology, 2006
On the interaction between H1- and H2- histaminergic receptors in the histamine release and the realization of its vascular effects in rat skin Acta Physiologica Et Pharmacologica Bulgarica, 1988
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