Zuhal Rdhaiwi Kadhim

@uobaghdad.edu.iq

Assistance Professor (PhD), College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics
University of Baghdad

Zuhal Rdhaiwi Kadhim


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Zuhal Rdhaiwi Kadhim was born on May 1972 in Wasit province in the middle of the republic of Iraq. She completed her primary and secondary stages in Baghdad province. She achieved her bachelor stage in agricultural economics sciences from agriculture college, Baghdad University on June 1994. Then she was employed as a demonstrator in department of agricultural economics, agriculture faculty, Baghdad University on October 1994. She obtained her master degree in farm management science from Baghdad University on December 1999. Now she has assistant professor scientific degree and she wishes to get professor degree after obtaining Ph. D. certificate.

EDUCATION

Assistant Professor (PhD), Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Agricultural Economics
16

Scopus Publications

85

Scholar Citations

6

Scholar h-index

1

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • A Study of Marketing Losses in Deciduous Fruit Trees in Baghdad Governorate: Economic Effects and Causes
    Zuhal R. Kadhim, Mhana A. Mahmood, Norsida Binti Man
    Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 2025
    Deciduous fruit trees are among the agricultural products most susceptible to spoilage and post-harvest loss due to their inability to withstand environmental conditions and inadequate marketing services. The study aimed to estimate post-harvest losses of deciduous fruits and then identify the most important factors causes leading to losses. Descriptive statistical and quantitative mathematical equations methods were used to analyze data collected from a random sample of fifty apricot and peach plantation growers, and a random sample of fifty wholesale traders of the two crops in local markets in Baghdad Governorate. The estimated results indicated that the monetary losses from marketing losses in the two crops apricot and peach at the level of plantation owners were estimated at approximately 39 and 28 thousand dollars for each, respectively. At the wholesale market level, the marketing loss rate for apricot and peach crops was estimated at approximately 22% and 10% for each crop, respectively, while monetary losses were estimated at approximately 55 and 10 thousand dollars for each of them, respectively. It became clear that the most vital elements causing post-harvest losses at the level of plantation owners are the falling of fruits during the picking and harvesting process and the failure to utilize them, while it was found that the most important factor causing post-harvest losses at the wholesale level is exposure to unsuitable environmental conditions in the market because of exposed supply of fruits. Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to be choosing appropriate dates and environmental conditions for harvesting fruits.
  • The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study)
    Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2025
  • ESTIMATION OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION QUANTITY AT THE BREAK-EVEN POINT FOR COTTON FARMERS IN IRAQ (BAGHDAD PROVINCE: A CASE STUDY)
    Z. R. Kadhim, A. T. Abd Al-majeed, Q. T. Jassam
    Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024
  • Analysis of some variables affecting the marketable surplus of wheat production farms in Iraq
    S M Abd Almajeedl, Z R Kadhim
    Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2024
    The change in the familiar features of the markets for selling the wheat crop in Iraq is one of the most important problems facing wheat farmers in Iraq. Where that surplus is sold among its various distribution channels in the country. The research aims to identify the most important economic and social factors affecting the marketable surplus of wheat farms in Baghdad governorate for the agricultural season 2023. The study was based mainly on the primary data of a simple random sample of a total of 50 wheat farmers in Baghdad governorate distributed among the various agricultural units of the governorate. The data required for the study were collected through a questionnaire prepared to achieve the research objective. The estimated results indicated that the marketable surplus of the wheat crop in the farms of the study sample is affected by each of the variables: the quantity of crop production, average selling price, in-kind deductions, harvest and collection loss, and family consumption, where the significance of these factors proved at different statistical levels, while there were no significant differences in the effect on the marketable surplus of wheat in relation to the cultivated area variable in all the estimated functional formulas.
  • PURCHASE CHANNEL SELECTION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY BY WHEAT AND BARLEY FARMERS IN IRAQ: A TRANSACTIONS COST ATTITUDE
    Mohammed A. M., Zuhal R. Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024
    This study was aimed to identify the role of transaction costs and their attributes in the selection of markets for the purchase of agricultural mechanization services in Baghdad province. To achieve this goal, a random sample of 150 wheat and barley farmers in the province was selected, and the data was collected through a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose. The research was based on the transaction cost theory as a modified theoretical framework to explain the farmer's behavior towards choosing installment market channels to buy agricultural machinery and through the analysis of the binary logistic regression model. The results of the regression analysis showed that some elements of transaction cost, such as a privacy and uncertainty, have an important role in determining and choosing the installment market for the purchase of tractors, while the element of the number of repeat transactions proved its important role in choosing the installment market for seeders, and the time saving element showed its important role in choosing the installment market for combine harvesters. The results also showed the existence of significant differences in some demographic and economic characteristics related to farmer, such as farmer experience, farm area and net farm income, in influencing the respondents' decision towards choosing the markets for agricultural machinery transactions referred to above.
  • The Economic Return of the Application of the Technical Recommendations of the Integrated Date Palm Pest Management Program (Babylon Governorate as a Model)
    Mohammed J. Ali, Zuhal R. Kadhim
    Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2023
    The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of the integrated control system in resisting pests that affect palm trees from an economic perspective, by measuring the impact of its application on some economic variables represented in productivity per donum, total costs per donum, total revenue and net return per donum. The results showed the positive impact of the application of the integrated control program on Productivity, where the average productivity of the donum for the low application level was about 1548 kg/donum, while the average application level was about 2264.2 kg/donum, the high application was about 1710.8 kg/donum. For the total costs, it was found that the low application level was about 182957.3 dinars/donum, the average application level was about 127188 dinars/donum, and the high application was about 176440.7 dinars/donum and for the net donum return, it was found that the low application level was about 253580 dinars/donum. The average level of application amounted to about 354,570 dinars/donum, while the high application reached about 576,230 dinars/donum, and the study recommended the concerned authorities implement the integrated pest management program in the palm sector the need to increase material and guidance support for the program because of its positive impact on the economic and environmental aspect, coordination with the Directorate of Agriculture in Babylon Governorate, in which the program was implemented to work on follow-up in spreading technology and convincing farmers to adopt it through agricultural extension departments in This governorate and the need to find appropriate methods and mechanisms by the Ministry of Agriculture that encourage the private sector to provide supplies and alternatives to chemical pesticides to farmers instead of relying on the government sector.
  • MINIMIZATION OF WATER NEEDS IN IRAQI AGRICULTURE IN LIGHT OF THE PREVAILING CROPPING COMBINATION DURING
    Assad A. Abdullah, Zuhal R. Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023
    The research aims to study the optimal allocation of irrigation water that is used to irrigate various agricultural crops at the level of Iraq. In order to achieve the goal of the research, two economic models were formulated according to the linear programming technique. The first model aimed to minimize the water needs of the prevailing crop combination during the average period (2017-2020), while the second model aimed to maximize the total profit margin of the water unit for the crop combination that minimizes the water needs during the same period. The first model was estimated with two proposed plans. The first proposed plan included non-imposing legislative restrictions related to the allocation of certain areas for basic agricultural crops that bias the food security requirements of the population, as well as crops that were recently banned from import by the Iraqi government, while the proposed second plan included the imposition and addition of restrictions of legislative areas that did not appear in the table of the optimal solution for the first plan. Results indicated that there is a surplus of water resource for the proposed economic plans according to the two estimated models, its quantity amounted to about 363.361, 9.178 million m3 for each plan, respectively, compared to the total amount of irrigation water needed for the current cropping combination, which was estimated at about 4.736726 billion m3 during the average mentioned period. Results of the analysis of the two estimated models also showed a preference for the results of plans with legislative restrictions as a result of the expansion in the cultivation of most basic and important crops and vegetables for local consumption.
  • The Level of Farmers’ Implementation of Integrated Pest Management Methods for Date Palm in Some Districts of Babylon Governorate
    MOHSMMED J. ALHASHIMY, ZUHAL R. KADHIM
    Biopesticides International, 2023
  • The Economic and Environmental Effects of Recycling Plant Agricultural Wastes in Iraq (Yellow Maize Production Farms in Babil Province - A Case Study)
    Zuhal R. Kadhim, S. H. Ali, Dhurgham S. Barbaz, Amer S. Alnagar
    Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2022
    Uneconomic behavior or ill-considered disposal of agricultural plant residues is one of the important issues in the environmental problem, because it constitutes a waste of economic resources, serious pollution to the natural environment and a loss of its various components. The main objective of the research is to measure the economic and environmental effects of recycling plant agricultural wastes in maize production farms in Iraq by selecting a random sample that included 150 farmers from the crop growers in Babil province. The estimated results indicated that there is an economic surplus that the farmer can obtain from recycling one ton of crop residue, estimated at about 130 thousand Iraqi dinars, which contributes to increasing the farmer’s income, improving the standard of living, and then increasing the welfare at the level of the study members. The results of the study also showed that the negative environmental return constituted the largest percentage, estimated at 31%, and that there is a shortcoming in preserving the environment of the study area from pollution resulting from the accumulation of wastes and plant residues, due to collecting and storing large quantities of crop residues in the head of the farm, in addition to throwing part of them into the sewage sewers.
  • AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF DOMESTIC DEMAND FOR TEA IMPORTS IN IRAQ USING THE AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG TECHNIQUE (ARDL) FOR THE PERIOD (1990-2020)
    Zuhal R. Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022
    This study was aimed to estimate the domestic demand function on tea imports in Iraq using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) for co-integration during the period 1990-2020.The data are verified for stationary by using unit root tests basis on Augmented Dickey - Fuller Test. The existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among tea import quantity, current prices of tea and coffee buying, gross national income, and number of buyers is proved using bounds test method to co-integration. Results of estimating short and long-run models of the demand of tea imports by using the unrestricted error correction approach showed that the error correction parameter is adjusted annually by 140%. Results of estimating price elasticity of demand in the short run showed that the absolute coefficient of price elasticity of demand is less than one and more than zero, which means that tea is a necessary commodity for the Iraqi shopper. Additionally the cross elasticity coefficient had a positive sign in the short and long run, which means that coffee, is an alternative good for tea from the viewpoint of the Iraqi consumer. With regarding to the coefficient value of the income elasticity of demand, it was positive and less than one in the short and long run, which means that tea, is a necessary normal commodity for Iraqi buyers. The study recommended that it is necessary to diversify the sources of national income in the local economy by utilizing all available resources in order to reduce dependence on oil revenues, which were a major source of financing imports in the country.
  • The Optimum Allocation for Irrigation Water of Agricultural Crops in Iraq during the Average Period (2017-2020) Using Linear Programming Method
    Assad A. Abdullah, Zuhal R. Kadhim
    Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
  • MARGIN OF SAFETY OF HIRING DECISION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SERVICES BY RICE FARMERS IN ALNAJAF AL-ASHRAF PROVINCE
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021
  • Effect of agricultural operations on yellow maize production losses in Iraq
    International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 2021
  • Break-even analysis for hiring decision of agricultural mechanization services in Iraq
    AMA Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America, 2018
  • Custom hiring versus ownership of agricultural machinery services in rice production farms in Alnajaf Al-Ashraf province
    Z. R. KADHIM
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018
  • Perceptions toward transaction costs: Aspect of hiring the agricultural machinery services by rice farmers in iraq
    Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2018

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BEHAVIOR OF PALM TREE FARMERS TO ADOPT PHEROMONE TRAPS TO CONTROL LESSER DATE MOTH IN IRAQ
    M Ali, Z Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 57 (2), 502-515 , 2026
    2026
  • FACTORS AFFECTING THE MARKETING SURPLUS OF WHEAT IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE USING THE REGRESSIVE ECONOMETRIC MODEL
    SM Abdul-Hameed, ZRK Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 57 (1), 145-155 , 2026
    2026
  • A Study of Marketing Losses in Deciduous Fruit Trees in Baghdad Governorate: Economic Effects and Causes
    ZR Kadhim, MA Mahmood, NB Man
    Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 17 (2), 15-28 , 2025
    2025
  • The reality and determinants of organic agriculture in Iraq: A review of the most important studies and implemented programs (The wheat Crop: A Case Study)
    DM Kaleel, ZR Kadhim, M Ali
    Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS) 16 (4), 256-265 , 2025
    2025
  • The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study).
    ZR Kadhim, SH Ali, SA AL-Rubaye
    Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 31 (2) , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • حساب التكاليف والهوامش التسويقية لمحاصيل الخضر الصيفية تحت نظام الزراعة المحمية في محافظة بغداد للموسم الزراعي 2022/2023 ‎
    ZR Kadhim, AM Faris
    Al-Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 20 (00), 77-90 , 2024
    2024
  • THE ECONOMIC REVENUE OF ADOPTING THE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR PALM TREES IN IRAQ: KARBALA GOVERNORATE: AS A CASE STUDY
    MJ Ali, ZR Kadhim
    Journal of Accounting and Financial Studies (JAFS) 19 (67), 403-413 , 2024
    2024
  • ESTIMATION OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION QUANTITY AT THE BREAK-EVEN POINT FOR COTTON FARMERS IN IRAQ (BAGHDAD PROVINCE: A CASE STUDY).
    ZR Kadhim, A Al-majeed, QT Jassam
    Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences 22 (1) , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 2
  • Purchase Channel Selection of Agricultural Machinery by Wheat and Barley Farmers in Iraq: A Transactions Cost Attitude
    AM Mohammed, ZR Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 55 (2), 845-857 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • Analysis of some variables affecting the marketable surplus of wheat production farms in Iraq
    SM Abd Almajeedl, ZR Kadhim
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1302 (1), 012121 , 2024
    2024
  • The Economic Return of the Application of the Technical Recommendations of the Integrated Date Palm Pest Management Program (Babylon Governorate as a Model)
    MJ Ali, ZR Kadhim
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1225 (1), 012107 , 2023
    2023
  • The Level of Farmers' Implementation of Integrated Pest Management Methods for Date Palm in Some Districts of Babylon Governorate.
    MJ Alhashimy, ZR Kadhim
    Biopesticides International 19 (1) , 2023
    2023
  • Minimization of water needs in Iraqi agriculture in light of the current cropping structure.
    AA Abdullah, ZR Kadhim
    2023
  • Minimization of water needs in iraqi agriculture in light of the prevailing cropping combination during
    AA Abdullah, ZR Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54 (1), 189-204 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 7
  • The Economic and environmental effects of recycling plant agricultural wastes in iraq (yellow maize production farms in babil province-a case study)
    ZR Kadhim, SH Ali, DS Barbaz, AS Alnagar
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060 (1), 012145 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 5
  • استخدام التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي والتوكيدي لتحديد أهم العوامل المؤثرة في فاقد ما بعد الحصاد للمحاصيل البستانية في العراق (اشجار اللا لنكي والنارنج انموذج تطبيقي للبحث) ‎
    سعاد حسين علي، زحل رضيوي كاظم، شيماء علي كاظم، اسماء طارق عبود ‎
    مؤتمر العلوم الطبيعية والتطبيقية الدولي الحادي عشر, 89 - 107 , 2022 ‎
    2022
  • An economic analysis of the determinants of domestic demand for tea imports in Iraq using the Autoregressive distributed lag technique (ARDL) for the period (1990-2020)
    ZR Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53 (1), 187-197 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 3
  • The Reality of the Cultivation and Production of Oil Crops and the Manufacture of Vegetable Oils in Iraq: a Review of Selected Applied Studies
    ZR Kadhim, SH Ali, AA Alsaad
    2022
  • An Economic Analysis of the Transaction Costs of Purchasing Agricultural Tractors and Their Impact on the Agricultural Profit of Wheat and Barley Farms in Baghdad Province
    M Mohammed, Z Kadhim
    مجلة جامعة كركوك للعلوم الزراعية 13 (4), 464-475 , 2022 ‎
    2022
  • THE OPTIMUM ALLOCATION FOR IRRIGATION WATER OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN IRAQ DURING THE AVERAGE PERIOD (2017- 2020) USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING METHOD
    AAAZR Kadhim
    Second International Virtual Conference for Agricultural Sciences (2nd I.V.C … , 2021
    2021

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • The Role and Importance of the Transactions Costs Theory in Agricultural Contracting Area: an Appraisal of Selected Empirical Studies
    KWKS Norsida binti Man, Zuhal Rdhaiwi Kadhim, Ismail b Abd Latif
    IOSR Journal of Business and Management 19 (1), 79 - 89 , 2017
    2017
    Citations: 18
  • Minimization of water needs in iraqi agriculture in light of the prevailing cropping combination during
    AA Abdullah, ZR Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54 (1), 189-204 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 7
  • EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS ON YELLOW MAIZE PRODUCTION LOSSES IN IRAQ
    ASAZR Kadhim
    International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 16 (1 (عدد … , 2020 ‎
    2020
    Citations: 6
  • AN INVESTIGATION OF CURRENT STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION SERVICES IN IRAQ AND FUTURE SUGGESTIONS
    ZR KADHIM
    ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 13 (12), 149 - 164 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 6
  • CUSTOM HIRING VERSUS OWNERSHIP OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SERVICES IN RICE PRODUCTION FARMS IN ALNAJAF AL-ASHRAF PROVINCE
    ZR KADHIM
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 49 (6), 1060 - 1072 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 6
  • K. Wong Kai Seng Senior Lecturer, and S. Lecturer,“
    N Man, ZR Kadhim, I Abd Latif
    Transactions Costs Analysis of Agricultural Machinery Hiring Decision in … , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 6
  • The Economic and environmental effects of recycling plant agricultural wastes in iraq (yellow maize production farms in babil province-a case study)
    ZR Kadhim, SH Ali, DS Barbaz, AS Alnagar
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060 (1), 012145 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 5
  • The Economic Influences of Loss of Production and Marketing of Yellow Corn Crop in Iraq (Babil Province; a Case Study)
    A Alnagar, Z Kadhim
    Al-Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences 8 (2), 1-14 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 4
  • Perceptions toward transaction costs: Aspect of hiring the agricultural machinery services by rice farmers in Iraq
    ZRK Ismail b Abd Latif
    Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 24 (6), 975–982 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 4
  • Purchase Channel Selection of Agricultural Machinery by Wheat and Barley Farmers in Iraq: A Transactions Cost Attitude
    AM Mohammed, ZR Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 55 (2), 845-857 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • An economic analysis of the determinants of domestic demand for tea imports in Iraq using the Autoregressive distributed lag technique (ARDL) for the period (1990-2020)
    ZR Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53 (1), 187-197 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 3
  • The optimum allocation for irrigation water of agricultural crops in Iraq during the average period (2017-2020) using linear programming method
    AA Abdullah, ZR Kadhim
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 923 (1), 012067 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 3
  • Break-Even Analysis for Hiring Decision of Agricultural Mechanization services in Iraq
    KWKS Zuhal Rdhaiwi Kadhim, Norsida binti Man, Ismail b Abd Latif
    AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America 49 (4), 44 - 48 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 3
  • AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN EGGPLANT PRODUCTION IN ALRASHIDIAH SUB - DISTRICT
    AMF ZUHAL. R. KADHIM
    The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 37 (2), 167 - 176 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 3
  • The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study).
    ZR Kadhim, SH Ali, SA AL-Rubaye
    Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 31 (2) , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • ESTIMATION OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION QUANTITY AT THE BREAK-EVEN POINT FOR COTTON FARMERS IN IRAQ (BAGHDAD PROVINCE: A CASE STUDY).
    ZR Kadhim, A Al-majeed, QT Jassam
    Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences 22 (1) , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 2
  • AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DATES TRANSPORTATION MODEL BETWEEN IRAQI PROVINCES WITH MINIMUM COST
    NMA Zuhal R. Kadhim, Ahmed M. Faris
    The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 44 (3), 384-396 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 2
  • Margin of Safety of Hiring Decision of Agricultural Machinery Services by Rice Farmers in Alnajaf AL-ashraf Province
    ZR Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science 52 (3), 756 - 762 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 1
  • Transactions Costs Analysis of Agricultural Machinery Hiring Decision in Iraq
    N Man, ZR Kadhim, IA Latif, KWK Seng
    CSCanada Management Science and Engineering 10 (4), 75 - 86 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 1
  • FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BEHAVIOR OF PALM TREE FARMERS TO ADOPT PHEROMONE TRAPS TO CONTROL LESSER DATE MOTH IN IRAQ
    M Ali, Z Kadhim
    Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 57 (2), 502-515 , 2026
    2026

Publications

Break-Even Analysis for Hiring Decision of Agricultural Mechanization services in Iraq
Custom Hiring versus Ownership of Agricultural Machinery Services in Rice Production Farms in Alnajaf Al-Ashraf Province‏
Perceptions toward transaction costs: Aspect of hiring the agricultural machinery services by rice farmers in Iraq‏
Factors Affecting Non-Sufficiency of the Farm Income among Wheat Farmers in Iraq (Baghdad Province as a Case Study)
Effect of Agricultural Operations on Yellow Maize Production Losses in Iraq
Margin of Safety of Hiring Decision of Agricultural Machinery Services by Rice Farmers in Alnajaf AL-ashraf Province
THE OPTIMUM ALLOCATION FOR IRRIGATION WATER OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN IRAQ DURING THE AVERAGE PERIOD (2017- 2020) USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING METHOD
The Reality of the Cultivation and Production of Oil Crops and the Manufacture of Vegetable Oils in Iraq: a Review of Selected Applied Studies
An Economic Analysis of the Determinants of Domestic Demand for Tea Imports in Iraq Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Technique (ARDL) for the Period (1990-2020)
تقدير الحجم الامثل لانتاج محصول الدخن في محافظة بغداد للموسم الانتاجي 2010
التخصيص الأمثل للكميات المسوقة من الأرز المحلي بين محافظات العراق باستعمال نماذج مشكلات النقل
The Economic and Environmental Effects of Recycling Plant Agricultural Wastes in Iraq (Yellow Maize Production Farms in Babil Province - A Case Study)