Revolutionizing internet of things intrusion detection using machine learning with unidirectional, bidirectional, and packet features Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi, Deris Stiawan, Bhakti Yudho Suprapto, M. Agus Syamsul Arifin, Mohd. Yazid Idris, Rahmat Budiarto Iaes International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 2025 <span lang="EN-US">Detection of attacks on internet of things (IoT) networks is an important challenge that requires effective and efficient solutions. This study proposes the use of various machine learning (ML) techniques in classifying attacks using unidirectional, bidirectional, and packet features. The proposed methods that implement decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting classifier (XGBC), AdaBoost (AB) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) work perfectly with all kinds of datasets and includes. It also works very well with data type-based feature selection (DTBFS) and correlation-based feature selection (CBFS). The experiment results show a significant improvement compared to previous studies and reveals that unidirectional and bidirectional features provide higher accuracy compared to packet features. Furthermore, ML models, particularly DT, and RF, have faster computing times compared to more complex deep learning models. This analysis also shows potential overfitting in some models, which requires further validation with different datasets. Based on these findings, we recommend the use of RF and DT for scenarios with unidirectional and bidirectional features, while AB and LDA for packet features. The study concludes that using the right ML techniques along with features that work in both directions can make an intrusion detection system for IoT networks becomes very accurate.</span>
Enhanced Intrusion Detection in IoT Smart Homes: Leveraging Binary and Multi-Class Classification Models Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi, Deris Stiawan, Bhakti Yudho Suprapto, M. Agus Syamsul Arifin, Mohd. Yazid Idris, Rahmat Budiarto International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, 2025 This study uses the MQTT-IoT-IDS2020 dataset, which contains normal traffic and attack traffic such as scan_A, scan_sU, Sparta, and mqtt_bruteforce attacks. This dataset is statistically extracted based on the unidirectional-based features packet header flow feature and has 19 features. This study used 10 best algorithms, namely ADABOST, eXtreme gradient boosting classifier (XGBC), stochastic gradient descent classifier (SGDC), random forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), multi-layer perceptron classifier (MLPC), decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) using binary class and multi-class. Using this classification algorithm, researchers measure the value of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, classification time, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to obtain the best classification algorithm. Measurement of accuracy value is done by dividing the dataset into 80:20 for training data and testing data, then validating the measurement of accuracy value with k-fold.
Optimizing intrusion detection with data balancing and feature selection techniques Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi, Ahmad Affandi Supli, Jimmie Jimmie, Muhammad Ghozi Al-Faris, David Agustianto Rapel Sinergi Indonesia, 2025 The rapid growth of IoT devices has brought significant security challenges, particularly in detecting various types of attacks within heterogeneous network environments. This study explores the effectiveness of data balancing techniques, including Random Undersampling (RUS), Cost-Sensitive Learning (CSL), Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), and Randomized Combination Sampling (RCS). Feature selection methods, namely correlation (threshold 0.8) and mutual information (top 15 features), were employed to optimize feature sets. The Decision Tree (DT) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifiers were used to evaluate the performance of balanced datasets. The evaluation metrics included accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, G-mean, and ROC curves. The results revealed that SMOTE and RCS outperformed other balancing methods, with SMOTE achieving the highest accuracy (98.7%) and RCS demonstrating robust G-mean values across both feature selection techniques. DT consistently showed better performance compared to LDA across all metrics, while feature selection significantly improved the classification results, particularly under mutual information criteria. However, the analysis highlighted limitations of LDA in handling imbalanced datasets and high-dimensional features. This study concludes that a combination of advanced data balancing and effective feature selection significantly enhances the accuracy of intrusion detection in IoT networks. Future work will focus on integrating real-time detection systems and exploring hybrid models to further improve the detection of complex attacks in dynamic IoT environments.
Feature Selection using Chi Square to Improve Attack Detection Classification in IoT Network: Work in Progress Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi, Deris Stiawan, Ahmad Fali Oklilas, Susanto, Kurniabudi, Yesi Novaria Kunang, Mohd. Yazid Idris, Rahmat Budiarto International Conference on Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Eecsi, 2022 To maintain network security, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is needed to detect anomaly and attack. Designing proper IDS requires accurate model. This paper proposes a model, which consists of statistical extraction, feature selection, dataset clustering, classification, and performance measurement. Experiments on MQTT-IOT-IDS2020 dataset which contains Normal, scan_A, scan_sU, Sparta and mqtt_bruteforce are conducted. The dataset is statistically extracted using Bidirectional-based features packet header feature with 37 features. Chi square algorithm is selected for performing feature extraction process. 10 relevant and best features are selected and ranked into 5-subsets and 10-subset feature. Three dataset splitting into testing data and training data of 90%:10%, 70%:30% and 50%:50% are created. Binary classification using k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Adaboost algorithms are performed. The experimental results show accuracy level above 99% for all scenarios, with Adaboost algorithm outperforms k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm.
Systematic Literature Review Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Air pada Budidaya Ikan Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) D Haryanto, ZRS Elsi, J Jimmei, M Ihsan Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review 5 (4), 390-400 , 2026 2026
Implementasi Ensemble Weighted Voting Pada Arsitektur Densenet Mobilenet Xception Untuk Klasifikasi Penyakit Diabetic Retinopathy LI Kesuma, A Desiani, P Sari, ZR Saputra, M Ihsan, FN Muzayyadah IDEALIS: InDonEsiA journaL Information System 9 (1), 133-143 , 2026 2026
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Aset Inventaris Alat Kerja Karyawan Pustekinfo DPR RI Berbasis Web DA Rapel, ZR Saputra, LI Kusuma Infotek: Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi 9 (1), 251-260 , 2026 2026
SISTEM PEMESANAN TRAVEL ANTAR KOTA:(Sungsang–Palembang) pada Terminal Haji Rohman Berbasis Website O Prandi, J Jimmie, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Sistem Informasi, Teknik Informatika dan Teknologi Pendidikan 5 (2 … , 2026 2026
Perancangan Lampu Menggunakan Konsep Internet of Thing (IoT) Berbasis Microcontroller CD Maharani, J Jimmie, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Ilmiah Sistem Informasi 5 (1), 51-61 , 2026 2026
Detection and Analysis of Packet Sniffing Attacks Using Wireshark on Wifi Networks: a Practical Approach to Network Security Case Study of Puskesmas Sungsang MH Alfarizi, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Teknologi dan Open Source 8 (2), 1084-1090 , 2025 2025
A Website-Based Digital Cashier System for Bakery Shops with Real-Time Transaction and Reporting Features PA Hidayah, M Ihsan, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Teknologi dan Open Source 8 (2), 1136-1143 , 2025 2025
Sistem Informasi Pemesanan Paket Wisata Travel Berbasis Web Di Kota Palembang Studi kasus: Nusa Indah Travel Palembang P Dwi, K Karnadi, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Media Informatika 6 (6), 3006-3016 , 2025 2025
Analysis of the UI/UX of the Skylar Topup Website Information System Using the Usability Scale (SUS) System Method PK Ronaldo Julian, ZRSE Karnadi Jurnal Teknologi dan Open Source 8 (2), 1173-1178 , 2025 2025
Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Village Information Systems in Supporting Sustainable Development Programs AP Marsyadi, M Ihsan, ZR Saputra Jurnal Teknologi dan Open Source 8 (2), 864-874 , 2025 2025
Monitoring Arus Listrik pada Lampu Berbasis Internet of Things Menggunakan Aplikasi Blynk VRP Safira, ZRS Elsi, D Haryanto SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah 4 (11), 3145-3151 , 2025 2025
Pembangunan Website Company Profile Sebagai Media Promosi Digital Pada Pt. Mitra Makmur Global FL Juliansyah, ZRS Elsi, K Karnadi SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah 4 (11), 3132-3144 , 2025 2025
Revolutionizing internet of things intrusion detection using machine learning with unidirectional, bidirectional, and packet features RB Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi, Deris Stiawan, Bhakti Yudho Suprapto, M. Agus ... IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 14 (4), 3047-3062 , 2025 2025
Enhanced Intrusion Detection in IoT Smart Homes: Leveraging Binary and Multi-Class Classification Models. ZR Saputra Elsi, D Stiawan, BY Suprapto, MA Syamsul Arifin, ... International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering 21 (5) , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Assessment of Plant Growth in Aeroponic Systems Integrated with Smart Farming Compared to Conventional Methods M Ihsan, ZRS Elsi JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN ILMU KOMPUTER PRIMA (JUTIKOMP) 8 (1), 40-52 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pemesanan Tiket Travel Berbasis Web Pada Po Batang Hari Wisata (Studi Kasus: Po Batang Hari Wisata) A Wijaya, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Cakrawala Akademika 1 (5), 1697-1709 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Sistem Informasi Penjualan Kebaya Pada Butik Purwaningsih Berbasis Web di kota Palembang D caressa Adio, ZRS Elsi TEKNIKA 19 (2), 385-394 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Optimizing intrusion detection with data balancing and feature selection techniques DAR Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi, Ahmad Affandi Supli, Jimmie Jimmie, Muhammad ... SINERGI 29 (2025), 779-792 , 2025 2025
Smart light berbasis IoT dengan menggunakan Bylnk SH Dwitama, ZR Elsi Jusikom: Jurnal Sistem Komputer Musirawas 9 (2), 167-177 , 2024 2024
Air Quality Monitoring System Based Internet Of Things ZRS Elsi Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 4 (2), 669-673 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Utilization of data mining techniques in national food security during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia ZRS Elsi, H Pratiwi, Y Efendi, R Rusdina, R Alfah, AP Windarto, F Wiza Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1594 (1), 012007 , 2020 2020 Citations: 54
New Student Admissions Information System With Client Server Based Sms Gateway ZRS Elsi, G Rohana, V Nuranjani JITK (Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Komputer) 6 (2), 159-166 , 2021 2021 Citations: 34
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN DATA OBAT BERBASIS MYSQL DENGAN CLIENT SERVER ZR saputra Elsi Jurnal Digital Teknologi Informasi 2 (1), 43-50 , 2019 2019 Citations: 29
RANCANG BANGUN ABSENSI PERKULIHAN DENGAN FINGERPRINT BERBASIS WEBBASE ZRS Elsi, Jimmie Jusikom: Jurnal Sistem Komputer Musirawas 5 (1), 24-32 , 2020 2020 Citations: 22
Analisis Performance Progressive Web Apps Pada Aplikasi Shopee D Haryanto, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Ilmiah Informatika Global 12 (2) , 2021 2021 Citations: 19
Perancangan Perangkat Lunak Sistem Pemesanan Pada Pelangi Cake D Haryanto, ZRS Elsi JUTIM (Jurnal Teknik Informatika Musirawas) 6 (1), 51-60 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Simulator Penghitung Jumlah Kendaraan Pada Pintu Masuk Dan Keluar Berbasis Arduino ZRS Elsi Jurnal Sistem Komputer 2 (2), 98-104 , 2017 2017 Citations: 11
Perancangan Smart Home berbasis Arduino ZR Saputra Amik Sigma Palembang , 2016 2016 Citations: 10
Air Quality Monitoring System Based Internet Of Things ZRS Elsi Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 4 (2), 669-673 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Sistem Informasi Desa Delta Upang Berbasis Web JM Saintek, YC Pratama, ZR Saputra J. Sains dan Teknol 2 (12), 86-96 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
PERANCANGAN FTP SERVER DALAM PENGUMPULAN ADMINISTRASI KELAS PADA SD NEGERI 133 PALEMBANG ZRS Elsi Jurnal Sigmata 6 (2), 45-52 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
PERANCANGAN SISTEM BILLING PLAYSTATION BERBASIS ARDUINO-BASED PLAYSTATION BILLING SYSTEM DESIGN ZR Saputra, T Ismail, H Pratama Jusikom: Jurnal Sistem Komputer Musirawas 4 (02), 59-64 , 2019 2019 Citations: 8
Penerapan Protokol RTMP Dan HTTP Untuk Media Belajar Jarak Jauh Pada Amik Sigma ZR Saputra Jurnal Teknologi Informasi MURA 9 (ISSN No: 2085-6156 Volume 9 Nomor), 23-29 … , 2017 2017 Citations: 7
Perancangan Monitoring Suhu Ruangan Menggunakan Arduino Berbasis Android Di PT. Tunggal Idaman Abdi Cabang Palembang ZRS Els Jurnal Teknologi Informasi MURA 8 (2) , 2016 2016 Citations: 7
Rancang Bangun Buka Tutup Pintu Otomatis Dengan Interfacing Berbasis Android ZR Saputra Jurnal Teknologi Informasi MURA 8 (1) , 2016 2016 Citations: 7
Perancangan Jaringan Komputer Berbasi Lan Di Ruang Lab Sma Muhammadiyah 1 Muara Padang D Haryanto, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Digital Teknologi Informasi 4 (1), 27-31 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
Feature selection using chi square to improve attack detection classification in IoT network: Work in progress ZRS Elsi, D Stiawan, AF Oklilas, YN Kunang, MY Idris, R Budiarto 2022 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer … , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
Perancangan sistem informasi berbasis web Pada Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang M Ihsan, ZR Saputra JUPITER: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu dan Teknologi Komputer 14 (2-c), 560-568 , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pemesanan Tiket Travel Berbasis Web Pada Po Batang Hari Wisata (Studi Kasus: Po Batang Hari Wisata) A Wijaya, ZRS Elsi Jurnal Cakrawala Akademika 1 (5), 1697-1709 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Perancangan Alat Deteksi Suhu Tubuh Dengan Sensor Contactless Berbasis Arduino Uno ZR saputra Elsi, D Haryanto, S Primaini, H Hartini Jusikom: Jurnal Sistem Komputer Musirawas 6 (1), 50-59 , 2021 2021 Citations: 4