Abdul Azeem

Scopus Publications

A crow search algorithm integrated with dynamic awareness probability for cellular network cost management
Shamimul Qamar, Abdul Azeem, Tanweer Alam, and Izhar Ahmad
Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Single Phase onboard Integrated Charger for Open-Ended Winding Induction Motor for EV Application
Abdul Azeem, Saifullah Payami, and A V Ravi Teja
IEEE
The battery charging unit is an integral part of the electrical vehicle (EV). The conventional charging system has a separate rectifier and filter circuitry that makes the charging system costly and bulky. The on-board charger (OBC) for electric vehicles (EV) is incorporated the same converter used for motoring operation, as a controlled rectifier and buck-boost converter. Integrated and isolated charger units can be configured as bidirectional and unidirectional and incapable to operate as vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-vehicle as well. AC Level-l and leve1-2 charging (up to 19 kW) can be easily integrated with the traction machine converter group installed in the EVs, no new elements are introduced in the power circuitry. In integrated EV charging battery, can be charged up to the rated traction power. Also, it does not need to require the reconfiguration of the converter, additional passive components without machine operation during steadystate charging. Additional freedom exists in the open-ended windings of induction motor with induction motor is that integrated charging directly with ac and dc can be employed. Integrated OBC is capable to provide the unity power factor (UPF) operation that further improves the performance of the charging unit. The proposed technique is validated on the experimental test bench.

Real-Time harmonics analysis of digital substation equipment based on IEC-61850 using hybrid intelligent approach
Abdul Azeem, Hasmat Malik, and Majid Jamil
IOS Press
This paper proposed a hybrid intelligent approach based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD), artificial neural network (ANN) and J48 algorithm of machine learning for real-time harmonics analysis of digital substation’s equipment based on IEC-61850 using explanatory input variables based on laboratory proto-type real-time recorded database. In the proposed hybrid model, these variables are first extracted then diagnostic of power transformer harmonics of digital substation is evaluated/analyzed to perform the long term as well as the short term goal and planning in the electrical power network. In this paper, firstly, experimental analysis is performed to validate the laboratory prototype setup using FFT (fast Fourier transform), STFT (short-time Fourier transform) and CWT (continuous wavelet transform). Then, features are extracted from experimental dataset using EMD (empirical mode decomposition) method. The IMFs (intrinsic mode functions) have generated from EMD, which are used as an input variable to the two different diagnostic models, i.e., ANN and J48 algorithm. In order to validate the performance and accuracy of the proposed hybrid model, a comparative analysis is performed by using ANN and J48 method (with and without EMD method) and the results are compared. Obtained results shows that the proposed hybrid diagnostics approach for harmonics analysis has outperformance characteristics.

Design of hardware setup based on iec 61850 communication protocol for detection & blocking of harmonics in power transformer
Abdul Azeem, Majid Jamil, Shamimul Qamar, Hasmat Malik, and Rayees Ahmad Thokar
MDPI AG
In this paper, the authors have developed a hardware model for blocking even and odd harmonics of a power transformer. In the proposed hardware model, intelligent differential & over-current relays are used for the blocking of harmonics of a power transformer. The harmonic restraint function on the differential relay (7UT61) prevents the relay from tripping during transformer magnetizing inrush current. However, the over-current relays which are used for back up protection does not have a harmonic restraint element, and over-current relay trips due to magnetizing inrush current, causes unwanted interruptions and power failures. The establishment of harmonic blocking scheme for over-current protection in power transformers is an important finding of this research study. IEC61850 standard-Based GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) applications used in power transformer protection for fast detecting and clearing of faults is an interested study presented in the proposed work.

Comprehensive review on model predictive control applied to power electronics
Mahetab Alam, Shahbaz Ahmad, M. Anas Anees, Mohd. Tariq, and Abdul Azeem
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Model Predictive Control (MPC) in the field of power electronics has recently gained a lot of interest in the research community. Even though the computations are very complex in MPC algorithm, the availability of powerful processors has helped this approach to acquire a notable place in the area of control. They can take into account the nonlinearities and constraints very precisely. Having these advantages, they are found to be very attractive for controlling power converters and drives. This paper presents the review of growth and applications of MPC applied to power converters and drives. Some of the key elements like prediction model and its discretization, cost function, weighing factor and optimization algorithm are highlighted in this paper.

Review of dSPACE 1104 Controller and Its Application in PV
Tanushree Bhattacharjee, Majid Jamil, and Abdul Azeem
Springer Singapore
The increase in penetration of renewable energies or clean energies in power sector and their integration with existing conventional grids generates the need for design and implement good controller circuits in its hardware model. This paper is having a discussion over dSPACE 1104 controller circuit and its use in a solar system. dSPACE controller board overview with its operation has been given in detail. The controlling action of the controller board is being shown here. dSPACE DS1104 card and its use of RTI library to design the control system that can connect a simulated model with the controller board has been shown. Lastly, solar inverter controller circuit with controlling operation and connection of inverter circuit with dSPACE controller circuit has been given that can be used in future implementation of dSPACE 1104 controller circuit in a PV simulated model hardware prototype. From this paper, the readers will get to know about dSPACE 1104 controller board and its idea of implementation in any simulated prototype model.

Comprehensive Analysis of Different Modulation Techniques on a Multi-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter in a Solar PV System
Mohsin Karim Ansari, Abdul Azeem, Adil Sarwar, Mohd Tariq, Md Reyaz Hussan, and Ahmed Riyaz
Springer International Publishing
In this paper, a performance comparison of three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter using different modulation schemes are presented. Different level shifted carrier based PWM schemes and space vector modulation scheme for three-level NPC inverter is modeled and analyzed. The performance analysis is presented in order to understand its interaction with solar photo-voltaic (SPV) system. The power quality of the inverter output is compared using total harmonic distortion (THD). The whole system comprises a solar PV array (Waaree Energies WSM- 315), a boost converter (operated at MPPT using incremental conductance technique), a multi-level inverter (NPC), and a three-phase load (R and L). Then, the system is modeled in MATLAB®/ Simulink and the results obtained are presented and discussed in this paper.

Control Techniques of Packed U-Cell Multilevel Inverter: A Comprehensive Review
Mohsin Karim Ansari, Abdul Azeem, Adil Sarwar, Mohd Tariq, and Md Reyaz Hussan
Springer International Publishing
The importance of multilevel inverter is increasing continuously in recent decades from medium to high-level power conversion systems. Packed U-Cell MLI introduced recently is gaining increasing attention due to the reducing device count, lower THD and better power quality. Packed U-Cell has lesser number of devices to generate the same number of levels in the output voltages as compared to the other reduced device count MLI’s reported in the literature. This paper focusses on seven level PUC inverter, which has been practically realised in many works. The basic operation, along with modulation strategies reported in the literature, has been presented. The later part of the paper deals with a detailed review regarding the control strategies, their implementation, and discussion on the future scope of the said inverter topology.

A novel constraint-based genetic algorithm solution for SHE technique in modified PUC-5 inverter
Kaif Ahmed Lodi, Abdul Azeem, Adil Sarwar, and Mohd Tariq
Wiley

Genetic Algorithm based SHE-PWM for 1- ø and 3- ø Voltage Source Inverters
Manita Kumari, Mohammad Ali, Salman Ahmad, Imtiaz Ashraf, Abdul Azeem, Mohd Tariq, M Saad Bin Arif, and Atif Iqbal
IEEE
In medium voltage high power application of voltage source inverter (VSI), low switching frequency pulse width modulation (LSPWM) techniques offer better efficiency and better thermal management as the switching loss decreases drastically. The number of switching transitions are very limited, hence getting a good quality output waveform is a drawback in LSFPWM. To overcome this problem, selective harmonics elimination (SHE) PWM techniques are used to eliminate any desired harmonics from the output waveform by turning ON and OFF of semiconductor switches at predefined time. However, the main challenge in its implementation is to compute the exact instant of time to turn ON the switches. In this paper a Genetic Algorithm based optimization technique is presented to compute the switching angles in bipolar waveform. The simulation and hardware results are given to verify the robustness of the algorithm.

Design and Implementation of Low Cost Digital Timetable for Prayers
Talha Bin Aslam, Abdul Azeem, and Syed Javed Arif
IEEE
A digital timetable for prayers is a digital indicator of various timings at which prayers are offered. The information regarding the time, date, congregation time and the starting time of prayers are present in the form of a timetable. Technology progress has enhanced the ubiquity of these digital timetables resulting in improved standard of living. These digital timetables are still not affordable to a vast majority of mosques, especially in rural areas. In this paper, we present a highly scalable, robust, low-cost digital timetable based on arduino nano board which is based on atmega328 microcontroller. The microcontroller board is interfaced with LED (light emitting diodes) displays and infrared sensor to achieve the objective of this design.

Design and modeling of solar photovoltaic system using seven-level packed U-cell (PUC) multilevel inverter and zeta converter for off-grid application in India
Abdul Azeem, , Mohsin Karim Ansari, Mohd Tariq, Adil Sarwar, Imtiaz Ashraf, , , , and
AVES Publishing Co.
DOI : 10.26650/electrica.2019.18053 In the present study, standalone operation of the solar photovoltaic system with storage is evaluated with the recently introduced seven-level packed U-cell (PUC) multilevel inverter. Zeta converter is used to regulate the output voltage of the photovoltaic (PV) array with the help of the MPPT algorithm. Level-shifted modulation scheme is applied for the PUC inverter. The standalone operation is taken into consideration keeping in view the application/penetration of the solar PV system in remote areas. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India has set up the plan to establish the standalone solar PV system for off-grid application in the regions to meet the power requirement of those communities and regions that are difficult to connect with the grid. The climatic condition in the central and western parts of India is conductive for solar PV generation. In contrast to the other well-known inverter topologies, such as neutral point clamped, flying level capacitors, and cascaded H-bridge, among others, PUC inverter requires the least number of switches and capacitors for the same output levels. The system is modeled in the MATLAB®/Simulink using the Waaree Energies WSM-315 modules to supply a load of 2 kW. To optimize the solar PV-based system, incremental conductance optimization technique is used. Cite this article as : Azeem A, Ansari MK, Tariq M, Sarwar A, Ashraf I. Design and Modeling of Solar Photovoltaic System Using Seven-Level Packed U-Cell (PUC) Multilevel Inverter and Zeta Converter for Off-Grid Application in India. Electrica, 2019; 19(2): 101-112.

Locating Wire Fault in Controller Area Network Based on Kelvin (Four-Wire) Resistance Approach
Ramesh Krishnamurthy, C. Bharatiraja, Yusuff Adedayo, Mohd Tariq, and Abdul Azeem
Springer Singapore
CAN is a multi-master standard bus interface commonly utilized for transferring the information among electronic control units (ECU’s). Fault occurrence in CAN system makes complexity in the data transmission between devices and affects the efficiency of vehicle. Wire faults occur at irregular intervals are not easy to detect and locate in the CAN bus. This paper proposes a method for detecting the open and short wire fault using Kelvin four-wire resistance method in order to reduce approximately 20% of measurement error compared to the existing two-wire resistance measurements and (time-domain reflectometry) TDR approaches. This proposed approach is implemented using Arduino-based CAN controller in order to test the system etiquette. The predetermined threshold resistance values are utilized in detection of open and short wire faults, while the amplitude and time intervals of the reflected signals are used in locating the faults through TDR approach. This proposed system is inexpensive for CAN system troubleshooting and effective in identifying wire faults prior to the user’s disruption.

Comprehensive Analysis of Modulation Techniques for Two-Level Inverter
Abdul Azeem, Shafia Abida, Mohammad Ali, Mohd Tariq, Charu Gupta, Mohd. Owais, and Mohd. Anzeb
Springer Singapore
Three (3)-phase voltage source inverters are extensively used for different applications requiring high power. A three (3)-phase voltage source inverter circuit changes DC input voltage into a three (3)-phase AC voltage having variable frequency. The fundamental output voltage can be controlled by controlling the width of the pulses. This is done by pulse width modulation. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is one of the most popular PWM techniques for harmonic reduction of inverters. Third-harmonic injection technique is also used to reduce harmonic contents of the output voltage and to enhance the utilization of the DC bus that is being unused in sine PWM technique. 120° and 180° conduction of two-level inverter are also done in this paper. This concept has been verified in MATLAB®/Simulink environment and also validated experimentally.

Mathematical Analysis of Various Modulation Strategies Used for Multilevel Inverter
Abdul Azeem, Mohd Tariq, Adil Sarwar, Ahmed Riyaz, and C. BharatiRaja
Springer Singapore
The concept of multilevel inverter arrived from the conventional two-level inverter. Two-level inverter is not suitable for the high-power, medium-voltage, and high-voltage industrial and commercial application. Multilevel inverters fulfill the above requirement. Control of multilevel inverter is done by adjusting the time average of their voltage levels. Generally, this is performed by pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques. Output performance in terms of the power quality, common mode voltage, etc., greatly depends on the types of the modulation schemes applied. The aim of this paper is to present the different carrier-based modulation schemes that are available in the literature for five-level inverter. The detailed mathematical analysis of modulation techniques is presented to better understand the five-level inverter.

Development of Charging System for Multiple Electric Vehicle Using Bidirectional DC–DC Buck–Boost Converter
A. Dominic Savio, A. Vimala Juliet, C. Bharatiraja, R. K. Pongiannan, Mohd Tariq, and Abdul Azeem
Springer Singapore
Electric vehicle (EV) charging system integrated with DC microgrid and nonconventional energy sources will give a way for the envisioned future of EV charging infrastructure. In this paper, mobile charging station (MCS) to charge multiple electric vehicles has been designed and developed. The MCS is integrated with DC microgrid and is operating in four different modes. The charging terminals of grid-connected MCS are developed with DC/DC bidirectional buck–boost converter. The charging station is modelled using MATLAB–Simulink, and the system operation has been verified for the different operating modes. A laboratory prototype has been developed, and the results show the practical possibility of the MCS.

Review, Design and Mathematical Modeling of Packed U-Cell Multilevel Inverter
Abdul Azeem, Mohd Tariq, Mahetab Alam, and C. Bharatiraja
Springer Singapore
Mathematical modeling also gives the information about designing of controller. The analysis and different application of PUC inverter such as inverter, rectifier, STATCOM and voltage controllers are given here. A brief review on PUC inverter for single phase operation, mathematical modeling and switching scheme is also presented. It has been shown that PUC inverter topology is preferable than the conventional multilevel inverter in terms of device counts.

Performance of five phase PUC inverter fed five phase induction motor drive under different triangular carrier PWM schemes
Abdul Azeem, Mohd Tariq, Md Shafquat Ullah Khan, Ali I. Maswood, and C. Bharatiraja
IEEE
Torque pulsations and harmonics are the problems in the three phase system drives systems. But, in higher phase system, smooth operation of the machines with greater power capacity takes place. Many applications like electric traction, more electric aircraft, more electric ships, conveyor belt drive system etc. uses five phase variable-speed induction motor drives. In this work, a comparative analysis of the modulation schemes such as IPD, POD and APOD in triangular carrier waves applied on the five level five phase PUC inverter fed induction motor drives is presented. Different parameters were analyzed and reported in the paper. The simulation is performed in MATLAB®/Simulink environment and the results obtained are reported and discussed in the paper.

Performance analysis of discontinuous pulse width modulation schemes on PUC-5 inverter
Abdul Azeem, Mohd Tariq, Kaif Ahmed Lodi, and C. Bharatiraja
IEEE
Considerable research is being carried out on the effect of the choice of PWM scheme on inverter performance. Discontinuous PWM schemes, initially developed by “Depenbrock” in 1977, has become one of the most promising modern PWM methods. This modulation scheme is also known as “Depenbrock PWM” scheme. In this paper the discontinuous modulation schemes are applied on the recently introduced five level Packed U-Cell (PUC-5) inverter. The THD index, common mode voltage (CMV) and utilization of DC link voltage are analyzed as they are important parameters of a typical inverter. To control theses parameters and output voltage, PWM is a best option for it. A comprehensive analysis of these modulation schemes are shown on the basis of the output THD and common mode voltage applied for PUC-5 inverter. A single phase prototype model is also presented which is used for validation of the concept.

Model Predictive Control Based Reactive Power Compensation for Integration of Packed U Cell Inverter with Grid
Mahetab Alam, Mohd Tariq, Mohd Anas Anees, Abdul Azeem, Kaif Ahmed Lodi, and C. Bharatiraja
IEEE
Rapid exploration in the Renewable Energy Systems (RES) has augmented the way in which many Distributed Generation (DG) plants can be unified with the conventional plants. Voltage Source Inverters are used for integrating these DGs and pose several challenges related to power quality, exchange of active and reactive power, power factor, reactive power compensation and many more which needs to be addressed. This paper presents the design and analysis of Model Predictive Control (MPC) applied to the grid tied seven level Packed U Cell (PUC) inverter regulating the exchange of active and reactive power on the grid side. Reference current is generated using the d-q transformation for the decoupled control of active and reactive power. MPC appears to be a very promising control scheme for grid-connected inverters. Simulations are performed in the MATLAB®/Simulink environment and the results are validated on the experimental setup using TI 28335 DSP Board.

Harmonic Minimization in Modified PUC-5 Inverter Using Genetic Algorithm
Kaif Ahmed Lodi, Abdul Azeem, Mohd Tariq, Mohammad Ali, and C. Bharatiraja
IEEE
In this paper, new harmonic reduction scheme by using the genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for single phase modified Packed U-Cell (MPUC-5) five-level inverter. Packed U-Cell multilevel inverter was first introduced in 2011 and since then many switching sequences have been proposed for obtaining different levels of output voltage, with overall reduction in harmonic content from output voltage waveform. In this paper, the authors have tried to obtain the optimum switching angles to reduce the output harmonics by applying genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is nature inspiring optimization technique, which works on the principle of heredity, evolution and Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest. Genetic algorithm evolves iteration by iteration and gives better and better results and finally converges to optimum result as per our requirements. This concept is verified in MATLAB®/Simulink environment and is also validated experimentally using the TI-28335 DSP.

Design and Analysis of Packed U-Cell and SEPIC Converter Based Solar PV System for Grid Connection
Abdul Azeem, Mohsin Karim Ansari, Mohd Tariq, Adil Sarwar, Mahetab Alam, and C. Bhartiraja
IEEE
In this paper, grid connected operation of the solar photovoltaic system using the recently introduced Packed U-Cell five (PUC-5) level inverter and SEPIC converter is studied, designed and analyzed. Grid connected operation is taken into consideration keeping in view the large-scale solar PV rooftop integration to the grid presently being done in India. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) Government of India has initiative to promote the rooftop solar PV grid connected system to produce the green and clean energy along with enhancing grid capacity. A dc to dc SEPIC converter topology is designed to regulate the output voltage of solar PV array. Unlike the other multilevel inverter topologies like cascaded h-bridge (CHB), neutral point clamped (NPC) and flying capacitor (FC), PUC inverter comprises least number of active and passive device for same number of output levels. The system is modeled in the MATLAB®/Simulink environment using the Waaree energies WSM-315 modules to feed the 2kW power into the grid. To optimize the output of the solar PV system, incremental conductance (INC) maximum power point tracking algorithm is used. Simulation and experimental results are shown and discussed in the paper.

κ-NN and ANN based deterministic and probabilistic wind speed forecasting intelligent approach
Abdul Azeem, Nuzhat Fatema, and H. Malik
IOS Press

Application of waikato environment for knowledge analysis based artificial neural network models for wind speed forecasting
Abdul Azeem, Gaurav Kumar, and Hasmat Malik
IEEE
The installation of wind turbine in a particular location in India is based on the wind speed prediction. The wind speed can be predicted using different models. The maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, ambient temperature, dew-point temperature, atmospheric pressure, air pressure, vapor pressure, solar radiation, altitude, longitude, wind direction, mean sea level, relative humidity, time of the day, water vapor, wind power are the input variables to the artificial neural network (ANN) model which affects the accuracy of the wind speed prediction. Therefore, the selection of the most relevant input variables to the ANN model is necessary. With this objective, InfoGain Attribute Evaluator with Ranker Search Method using WEKA (a data mining implementation) is applied to find the most relevant input variables. Identified 8 relevant input variables are used as input to ANN model to predict the wind speed. The results obtained validates that the combination of input variables selected through InfoGain Attribute Evaluator gives higher prediction accuracy than any other combination of input variables. This method is used to predict the wind speed of wind turbine in Rajasthan, north-west region of India.

Artificial neural network based intelligent model for wind power assessment in India
Abdul Azeem, Gaurav Kumar, and Hasmat Malik
IEEE
Wind resource assessment is essential to evaluate the future wind power generation from a wind farm. As wind power generation depends directly on wind speed, therefore accurate wind speed prediction facilitates wind power generation. In this paper generalized regression neural network is employed for accurate wind speed prediction. The performance of proposed approach is evaluated using publically available dataset of different cities in India. Air temperature, earth temperature, relative humidity, daily solar radiation, elevation, latitude, heating degree days, cooling degree days, longitude and atmospheric pressure are used as input variables. Correlation coefficient of 0.99909 is obtained during training and 0.95143 during testing of GRNN model. The proposed GRNN model is then utilized to find wind speed and power potential of major wind power generating sites of Andhra Pradesh, India. A comparison between the measured and forecasted wind speed and power values validate that generalized regression neural network is an appropriate technique for long term wind speed and power prediction.

Abdul Azeem

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Scopus Publications