Polysaccharide-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel for pH-Induced Smart Release of Lauric Acid to Accelerate Wound Healing Chelladurai Karthikeyan Balavigneswaran, Manoj Kumar Sundaram, Venkatesan Ramya, Karuppiah Prakash Shyam, Iniyan Saravanakumar, et al. ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2025 It is highly desirable yet significantly challenging to fabricate an injectable, self-healing, controlled-release wound dressing that is responsive to the alkaline pH of the wounds. Herein, we propose a facile approach to prepare pH-responsive chitosan-oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (CS-o-CMC) hydrogel constructs in which gelation was achieved via electrostatic and Schiff base formation. Importantly, the Schiff base was formed in acidic medium and the final pH of pregel solution was intrinsically raised to 7.0-7.4 due to the cross-linking by β-glycerol phosphate. The self-healing behavior of the hydrogel was an enthalpy-driven process and efficient in alkaline compared to acidic pH. The pH responsiveness offered a controlled release of lauric acid (LA) from CS-o-CMC/LA hydrogel and regulated the M2 polarization. Overall, reduction in inflammation led to rapid vascularization, reepithelialization, and significantly accelerated wound healing in rats. Our findings demonstrate a promising strategy for developing injectable, immunomodulatory wound dressings tailored to the challenging environment of wounds.
Mussel-Inspired Adhesive Hydrogels Based on Laponite-Confined Dopamine Polymerization as a Transdermal Patch Chelladurai Karthikeyan Balavigneswaran, Vaibhav Jaiswal, Ramya Venkatesan, Prakash Shyam Karuppiah, Manoj Kumar Sundaram, et al. Biomacromolecules, 2023 Transdermal patch for local drug delivery has attained huge attention as an attractive alternative to existing drug delivery techniques as it is painless and user-friendly. However, most adhesive hydrogels either do not have adequate adhesion with the skin or cause discomfort while being removed from the skin surface due to excessive adhesion. To address this challenge, we developed an adhesive hydrogel based on laponite-confined dopamine polymerization as a transdermal patch. Laponite RDS nanoclay was used to control the hydrogel's viscous behavior and dopamine polymerization. The laponite polymerized polydopamine (l-PDA) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to make the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel. The laponite-confined polymerization improved the hydrogels' water contact angle and adhesion strength. The adhesion strength of the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel was adequate to adhere to the evaluated goat skin, glass, and polypropylene surfaces. Notably, the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel was easy to peel off from the skin. Further, we evaluated the drug release profile in goat skin using lidocaine as a model drug. We observed the controlled release of lidocaine from the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel compared to the PVA-PDA hydrogel. In addition, the nanoclay-confined adhesive hydrogel did not show any cytotoxic effect in fibroblasts. Altogether, PVA-l-PDA hydrogels offer appropriate adhesive strength, toughness, and biocompatibility. Thus, the PVA-l-PDA hydrogel has the potential to be an efficient transdermal patch.
Dual Roles of Coconut Oil and Its Major Component Lauric Acid on Redox Nexus: Focus on Cytoprotection and Cancer Cell Death Venkatesan Ramya, Karuppiah Prakash Shyam, Eshwaran Kowsalya, Chelladurai Karthikeyan Balavigneswaran, Balamuthu Kadalmani Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2022 It has been reported that coconut oil supplementation can reduce neuroinflammation. However, coconut oils are available as virgin coconut oil (VCO), crude coconut oil (ECO), and refined coconut oil (RCO). The impact of coconut oil extraction process (and its major fatty acid component lauric acid) at cellular antioxidant level, redox homeostasis and inflammation in neural cells is hitherto unexplained. Herein, we have shown the antioxidant levels and cellular effect of coconut oil extracted by various processes in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) cultured in vitro. Results indicate VCO and ECO treated cells displayed better mitochondrial health when compared to RCO. Similar trend was observed for the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), key oxidative stress response genes (GCLC, HO-1, and Nqo1) and inflammatory genes (IL6, TNFα, and iNOS) in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results signified that both VCO and ECO offer better neural health primarily by maintaining the cellular redox balance. Further, RCO prepared by solvent extraction and chemical refining process lacks appreciable beneficial effect. Then, we extended our study to find out the reasons behind maintaining the cellular redox balance in neuroblastoma cells by VCO and ECO. Our GC-MS results showed that lauric acid (C14:0) (LA) content was the major difference in the fatty acid composition extracted by various processes. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of LA in SH-SY5Y cells. The LA showed dose-dependent effect. At IC50 concentration (11.8 μM), LA down regulated the oxidative stress response genes and inflammatory genes. The results clearly indicate that the LA inhibited the neuroinflammation and provided an efficient cellular antioxidant activity, which protects the cells. The efficiency was also evaluated in normal cell line such as fibroblasts (L929) to cross-validate that the results were not false positive. Different concentration of LA on L929 cells showed high compatibility. From our observation, we conclude that VCO and ECO offers better cellular protection owing to their powerful antioxidant system. Therefore, we advocate the inclusion of either VCO and/or ECO in the diet for a healthy lifestyle.
Aluminium Oxide Thin-Film Based in Vitro Cell-Substrate Sensing Device for Monitoring Proliferation of Myoblast Cells Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan, Chelladurai Karthikeyan Balavigneswaran, Chandan Kumar, Suruchi Poddar, Satyabrata Jit, et al. IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience, 2021 We demonstrate cell-substrate interaction on aluminium oxide thin-film in metal-insulator-metal structure followed by the change in dielectric characteristics of Al2O3 as a function of progression of cellular growth. The theoretical calculation of the fabricated biosensor reveals that the changes in the intrinsic elemental parameters are mainly attributed to the cell-induced behavioural changes.
Uranium and thorium upake by live and dead cells of Bacillus sp. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012
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Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, in vitro cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of Vitamin E TPGS coated trans resveratrol liposomes MR Vijayakumar, KY Vajanthri, CK Balavigneswaran, SK Mahto, N Mishra, ... Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 145, 479-491 , 2016 2016 Citations: 135
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Tissue engineered skin substitutes: A comprehensive review of basic design, fabrication using 3D printing, recent advances and challenges CKBSSTKVSIV Muthuvijayan Biomaterials Advances , 2023 2023 Citations: 51
Culturing melanocytes and fibroblasts within three-dimensional macroporous PDMS scaffolds: towards skin dressing material NVAKSKYVSPCKBAPVRSK Mahto Cytotechnology, 1-17 , 2019 2019 Citations: 45
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Silica release from silane cross-linked gelatin based hybrid scaffold affects Cell proliferation CK Balavigneswaran, R Venkatesan, PS Karuppiah, G Kumar, P Paliwal, ... ACS Applied Bio Materials 3 (1), 197-207 , 2019 2019 Citations: 25
Synthesis of cyclodextrin-derived star poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone)/poly (lactic-co-glycolide) supramolecular micelles via host-guest interaction for delivery of doxorubicin K Ramesh, CK Balavigneswaran, SAP Siboro, V Muthuvijayan, KT Lim Polymer 214, 123243 , 2021 2021 Citations: 22
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Polysaccharide-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel for pH-Induced Smart Release of Lauric Acid to Accelerate Wound Healing CK Balavigneswaran, MK Sundaram, V Ramya, K Prakash Shyam, ... ACS Applied Bio Materials 8 (2), 1343-1361 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Recombinant hyaluronic acid-incorporated self-healing injectable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering: a case study on effects of molecular weight MK Sundaram, CK Balavigneswaran, I Saravanakumar, G Jayaraman, ... Journal of Materials Chemistry B 13 (31), 9589-9606 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Gelatin grafted poly(D,L‐lactide) as an inhibitor of protein aggregation: An in vitro case study CK Balavigneswaran, G Kumar, C Vignesh Kumar, S Sellamuthu, ... Biopolymers 111 (8), e23383 , 2020 2020 Citations: 5
Polymeric gels for the controlled drug delivery applications CK Balavigneswaran, N Misra Polymeric Gels, 331-356 , 2018 2018 Citations: 5
Lauric acid-loaded biomimetic, biocompatible, and antioxidant jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) pectin hydrogel accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats P Thangavel, I Saravanakumar, MK Sundaram, CK Balavigneswaran, ... International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 294, 139484 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4