Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension - 2025 Andréa Araujo Brandão, Cibele Isaac Saad Rodrigues, Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto, Anderson da Costa Armstrong, Rogério Andrade Mulinari, et al. Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia, 2025
Correlation anthropometrics in resistant hypertensive patients with diagnosis of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea João Carlos Moreno de Azevedo, Tiago de Oliveira Chaves, Elizabeth Silaid Muxfeldt, Michel Silva Reis Fisioterapia Em Movimento, 2025 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by a chronic and progressive disorder that is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Objective To correlate the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) with anthropometric parameters in patients of both sexes diagnosed with resistant arterial hypertension. Methods A total of 106 patients (57.5% women, mean age 61 ± 8 years) were evaluated, 41 with moderate OSA and 65 with severe OSA. The diagnosis of OSA was made by nocturnal polysomnography. The somatotype was determined and the waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC) and hip circumferences were measured, followed by the waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and neck-to-height ratio (NHR). Height and body mass measurements were also collected to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Results Among the participants, 62% were obese, 64% had abdominal obesity and 25% had increased NC. The anthropometric variables that best correlated with AHI were WC (r = 0.325; p = 0.0006), BMI (r = 0.245; p = 0.0115) and NHR (r = 0.245; p = 0.0115) in both sexes. Among women, the best correlation was with WC (r = 0.281; p = 0.0285). Conclusion Anthropometric and body composition variables (WC, BMI, and NHR) are important for patients with OSA, including BMI in women, optimizing the screening of these patients for polysomnography.
Arterial Stiffness in Resistant Hypertension: From Physiology to Medical Practice Cibele Isaac Saad Rodrigues, Christian Nejm Roderjan, João Gabriell Bezerra da Silva, Elizabeth Silaid Muxfeldt Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal, 2025 Considering that the risks of cardiovascular disease still pose a significant challenge despite preventive and therapeutic efforts, we need new pathophysiological models for a better understanding of risks and treatment based on new concepts. Arterial Stiffness (AS) has been increasingly studied as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The mechanisms by which AS develops are not yet fully understood. However, it clearly involves not only structural changes but also endothelial functional changes. There are several clinical studies showing that vascular damage is an important risk factor for structural and functional injury of high-flow organs. Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV-cf) has been considered the gold standard for the evaluation of AS, with a large body of evidence demonstrating its association with cardiovascular disease, regardless of traditional risk factors. Based on the impact of high PWV-cf on cardiovascular prognosis, achieving a decrease in PWV would possibly reduce cardiovascular events. However, the significance of lowering AS to reduce cardiovascular events under treatment remains to be unequivocally demonstrated. Regarding resistant hypertension, it shares risk factors with AS, including advanced age, endothelial dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, increased AS in resistant hypertensives presents a two-way interaction, where uncontrolled blood pressure results in progressive vascular damage while vascular stiffness increases blood pressure, making its control more difficult and establishing a vicious circle. In this scenario, the better the understanding of the complex interaction of factors to AS development, the more treatment options should become clinically available.
I Brazilian guideline on hypertension in dialysis of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology Cibele Isaac Saad Rodrigues, Sebastião Rodrigues Ferreira-Filho, Ana Flávia de Souza Moura, Carlos Eduardo Poli-de-Figueiredo, Dirceu Reis da Silva, et al. Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, 2025 Hypertension in dialysis patients (HTND) has a high prevalence, affecting at least 80% or more of patients, and its management in the nephrology practice is heterogeneous and often empirical. Knowing how to define, understand the pathophysiology, diagnose, monitor and treat with lifestyle changes, and adjust antihypertensive drugs to achieve the recommended blood pressure (BP) target - to reduce morbidity and mortality - requires specific knowledge and approaches within the contexts of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). This document is the first guideline of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, developed by the departments of Hypertension and Dialysis. It aims to guide physicians who provide care in dialysis centers on how to manage patients with HTND, in a comprehensive and individualized manner, based on the critical appraisal of the best available scientific evidence. When such evidence is scarce or unavailable, the opinion of specialists should be recommended. The different topics covered include HTND definition (pre-HD BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and post-HD BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg), epidemiology, and pathophysiology; diagnosis of HTND preferably with BP measurements outside the dialysis setting (BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg); complementary assessment; blood pressure targets; non-pharmacological treatment; use of the most appropriate antihypertensive medications; special situations; and complications of HTND, predominantly cardiovascular ones.
Addressing global disparities in blood pressure control: perspectives of the International Society of Hypertension Aletta E Schutte, Tazeen H Jafar, Neil R Poulter, Albertino Damasceno, Nadia A Khan, et al. Cardiovascular Research, 2023 Abstract Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high- and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, present, and future of hypertension care, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, which are often region-specific. We report that most countries failed to show sufficient improvements in BP control rates over the past three decades, with greater improvements mainly seen in some high-income countries, also reflected in substantial reductions in the burden of cardiovascular disease and deaths. Globally, there are significant inequities and disparities based on resources, sociodemographic environment, and race with subsequent disproportionate hypertension-related outcomes. Additional unique challenges in specific regions include conflict, wars, migration, unemployment, rapid urbanization, extremely limited funding, pollution, COVID-19-related restrictions and inequalities, obesity, and excessive salt and alcohol intake. Immediate action is needed to address suboptimal hypertension care and related disparities on a global scale. We propose a Global Hypertension Care Taskforce including multiple stakeholders and societies to identify and implement actions in reducing inequities, addressing social, commercial, and environmental determinants, and strengthening health systems implement a well-designed customized quality-of-care improvement framework.