Divina Navarro
@csiro.au
Environment
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Environmental Science, Analytical Chemistry
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Minshu Liang, Shervin Kabiri, Michael J. McLaughlin, and Divina Navarro
Wiley
ABSTRACT Understanding the migration of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil via groundwater and surface water is vital for managing PFAS. PFAS transport via surface runoff during rainfall is less known than leaching. This study investigated PFAS migration under simulated rainfall in soils with varying contamination levels, examining multiple pathways to assess the factors affecting PFAS migration. Rainfall simulations were conducted over 15 days with wetting and drying cycles. Results indicate that leaching is likely the dominant pathway for PFAS transport, accounting for the largest proportion (on average 72%) of PFAS mass in the released fractions. Runoff was also an important pathway for long‐chain PFAS, whereas short‐chain PFAS were not detected in runoff. Both PFAS concentration and the wetting‐drying cycles influenced PFAS distribution. Leaching was negligible when PFAS concentrations exceeded 30 mg/kg perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), potentially due to reduction in soil hydraulic conductivity. PFAS concentrations in runoff increased following extended drying periods, suggesting accumulation of PFAS in the upper soil. This pattern of evapoconcentration, likely driven by capillary water movement and subsequent evaporation, is consistent with the resurgence of concentration in surface soils. Overall results highlight that surface runoff is an important pathway for PFAS transport, particularly for long chain PFAS. Wetting and drying cycles may promote accumulation in the upper soil layers, increasing the potential for mobilization via runoff. By considering both leaching and runoff, this study contributes to a better understanding of PFAS transport in soils and can help inform management strategies to reduce contaminant spread to surface waters.
John Awad, Hugo Carvalhal Silva, Divina Navarro, Elizabeth Blotevogel, Albert Juhasz, and Jason Kirby
Elsevier BV
Anand Kumar, Md Khairul Alam, Bin Qian, Mike J. Donn, Divina A. Navarro, John L. Rayner, Greg B. Davis, Bruce Cowie, Bobby Pejcic, and Steve Fisher
Elsevier BV
Naomi J Boxall, Mitzi Bolton, Divina A Navarro, Cynthia A Joll, Anna Heitz, Robert K Niven, Bob BM Wong, Mike Williams, and Greg B Davis
Elsevier BV
Divina Navarro, Ben Hoffmann, Wenchao Lu, Karl Bowles, and Jason Kirby
Elsevier BV
Rai S. Kookana, Bo Sha, Jobriell C. Baluyot, Karl C. Bowles, Melanie Kah, Lokesh P. Padhye, Guang G. Ying, Divina Navarro, Michael C. Velarde, Christopher P. Higgins,et al.
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
The production and use of PFAS in some countries, coupled with uncertainties about their applications across Asia, underscore the urgent need to assess human exposure.
Minshu Liang, Shervin Kabiri, Michael John McLaughlin, and Divina Navarro
Elsevier BV
Matthew J. Richardson, Shervin Kabiri, Divina A. Navarro, Mehdi Jafarian, and Michael J. McLaughlin
Elsevier BV
Marcial II Suarez Buladaco, Divina Angela Navarro, Joy Eloiza Rosales, and Pearl Sanchez
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Gabriel Borowski (WNGB)
This study examined the surface modification of natural zeolite sourced from Pangasinan, Philippines to assess its potential as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. The natural zeolite (NZ) and surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) were characterized to evaluate their composition and alterations in surface properties. Characterization revealed a reduction in specific surface area (SSA) from 165.84 m² g -1 to 37.68 m² g -1 and a reversal in zeta potential from -16.9 mV to +46.73 mV, enabling Cr(VI) adsorption. Adsorption performance was investigated under varying conditions, including adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH, ionic strength, competing ions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Optimal Cr(VI) adsorption occurred at pH 3, with equilibrium reached rapidly, favor - ing the univalent HCrO₄⁻ species over the divalent CrO₄²⁻ species prevalent at higher pH levels. Increased ionic strength and competing ions reduced Cr(VI) adsorption, while the presence of DOM had no significant effect. SMZ exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 13.603 mg g -1 , as described by the Langmuir isotherm model ( R ² = 0.970), indicating a uniform monolayer adsorption mechanism. Comparative performance tests demonstrated Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of 61.52% for SMZ, 73.82% for powdered activated carbon (PAC), and 1.03% for NZ. Although the removal efficiency of SMZ is lower than PAC, it offers a cost-effective, resource-efficient alternative with potential scalability. The study has shown its applicability in wastewater treatment, particularly under acidic conditions, with proper management of ionic strength and competing ions. Future research should investigate re-generation capabilities and evaluate the SMZ performance in real-world conditions.
Divina A. Navarro, Shervin S. Kabiri, Karl Bowles, Emma R. Knight, Jennifer Braeunig, Prashant Srivastava, Naomi J. Boxall, Grant Douglas, Jochen Mueller, Mike J. McLaughlin,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Purpose of Review Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are prevalent environmental contaminants detected in materials such as soils, biosolids, and wastes. Understanding PFAS leaching is crucial for assessing risks associated with leaving impacted material in place, reuse, or disposal. However, there is limited guidance on laboratory methods to measure extent and rate of leaching. This review aims to identify the best methods for assessing PFAS leaching that are reflective of relevant release scenarios. Recent Findings Various methods have been applied to assess PFAS leaching from contaminated materials. The most common are batch leaching methods that simulate particular conditions (e.g. rainfall, landfill), with the intention of providing conservative estimates (worst-case scenarios) of cumulative PFAS release over time. Columns, static leaching, and rainfall simulators are also used to simulate less aggressive field-like conditions. While less common, pan and suction lysimeters have been used to measure PFAS leaching in situ. Most methods use saturated conditions that do not account for the possible influence of air–water interface accumulation and wetting–drying cycles on leaching. A notable gap is the scarcity of data benchmarking laboratory-leached concentrations with real-world PFAS concentrations. Establishing this relationship is crucial for reliable laboratory protocols. Summary This article reviews methods for estimating leaching of PFAS from contaminated materials. Given the variety of methods, selecting those that best simulate assessment objectives is essential. Specific scenarios requiring PFAS leaching assessment, such as leaving materials in place, reuse, and disposal, are discussed. The knowledge gaps presented could be used to improve existing leaching methods for better predictions and understanding of PFAS leachability. Graphical Abstract
Shervin Kabiri, Mehdi Jafarian, Divina A. Navarro, Catherine P. Whitby, and Michael J. McLaughlin
Elsevier BV
Jeff D. Gamlin, Hassan Javed, Charles J. Newell, Emily Stockwell, Renee Caird, Joseph Scalia, Divina Navarro, and John Awad
Wiley
ABSTRACTThis article addresses the urgent need for cost‐effective and sustainable methods to mitigate per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in surface water and stormwater. Although the majority of PFAS research and development to date has focused on groundwater and soil treatment technologies, in some cases there may be a greater risk posed by the high mobility and potential for direct contact with PFAS in surface water and stormwater. Based on the evolving regulatory landscape and the elevated PFAS concentrations observed in available stormwater data near some fire training facilities, additional attention to this topic is needed to support the development of effective and practical treatment technologies for PFAS in surface water and stormwater. We propose addressing the need to bridge the current technology gap between (1) expensive mechanical and/or construction‐intensive technologies and (2) the development of cost‐effective and sustainable surface water and stormwater PFAS treatment options. We envision a future where nature‐based approaches could be employed for stand‐alone PFAS treatment. Alternatively, nature‐based approaches could be used for initial PFAS mass removal as a pretreatment step within a treatment train followed by engineered adsorbents or other technologies, if needed to achieve low concentration cleanup thresholds. We provide an example of a potential nature‐based treatment train that would rely on the natural propensity of PFAS to accumulate in surface water foams using foam‐enhancing weirs and flumes (FWFs), combined with the demonstrated treatment potential of constructed floating wetlands (CFWs). Additional research into the validation, optimization, and site‐specific design factors of nature‐based treatment trains, such as the FWF+CFW approach, warrants future research and development.
Shervin Kabiri, Ehsan Tavakkoli, Divina A. Navarro, Fien Degryse, Charles Grimison, Christopher P. Higgins, Jochen F. Mueller, Rai S. Kookana, and Michael J. McLaughlin
Elsevier BV
Shervin Kabiri, Carly Lee Monaghan, Divina Navarro, and Michael J. McLaughlin
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
The diversity, persistence, bioaccumulation potential and mobility of per- or polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) make these contaminants particularly formidable when determining their environmental fate and behaviour.
John Awad, Divina Navarro, Jason Kirby, Christopher Walker, and Albert Juhasz
Informa UK Limited
Wenwen Cai, Divina A. Navarro, Jun Du, Prashant Srivastava, Zhiguo Cao, Guangguo Ying, and Rai S. Kookana
Elsevier BV
Shervin Kabiri, Divina A. Navarro, Suhair Ahmed Hamad, Charles Grimison, Christopher P. Higgins, Jochen F. Mueller, Rai S. Kookana, and Michael J. McLaughlin
Elsevier BV
Divina A. Navarro, Shervin Kabiri, Jonathan Ho, Karl C. Bowles, Greg Davis, Mike J. McLaughlin, and Rai S. Kookana
Elsevier BV
Charles Grimison, Emma R. Knight, Thi Minh Hong Nguyen, Nathan Nagle, Shervin Kabiri, Jennifer Bräunig, Divina A. Navarro, Rai S. Kookana, Christopher P. Higgins, Michael J. McLaughlin,et al.
Elsevier BV
Rai S. Kookana and Divina A. Navarro
Elsevier
Rai S. Kookana and Divina A. Navarro
Elsevier
Rai S. Kookana, Divina A. Navarro, Shervin Kabiri, and Mike J. McLaughlin
CSIRO Publishing
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely used worldwide over the last seven decades in >200 diverse industrial applications. Thousands of different PFAS have been used in a wide range of products, such as food packaging, water-repellent and stain-resistant clothing and fire-fighting foams. Partially due to their extreme stability and high mobility, PFAS are now ubiquitous in the environment. Due to their prolonged persistence, some PFAS have been added to the list of persistent organic pollutants. Sorption is one of the fundamental processes that governs environmental fate and effects of organic chemicals. In recent years, a significant body of literature has been published on sorption of PFAS in soils. However, there are conflicting reports about the soil or sediment properties that may be used to predict the mobility of PFAS in the soil environment. This is not surprising because PFAS have complex chemical properties (anionic, cationic and zwitterionic charges together with surface active properties) that influence their sorption–desorption behaviour. Additionally, PFAS show a fluid–water interfacial adsorption phenomenon and such interfaces offer additional retention mechanisms in unsaturated or oil-contaminated soils. In this review, we analyse the literature on sorption and desorption of PFAS to evaluate the dominant soil and solution properties that govern their sorption–desorption behaviour in saturated and unsaturated soils. We also identify the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in order to gain a sound understanding of their sorption–desorption behaviour in saturated as well as unsaturated soils.
Prashant Srivastava, Mike Williams, Jun Du, Divina Navarro, Rai Kookana, Grant Douglas, Trevor Bastow, Greg Davis, and Jason K. Kirby
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Correction for ‘Method for extraction and analysis of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in contaminated asphalt’ by Prashant Srivastava et al., Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 1678–1689, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AY00221C.
Thi Minh Hong Nguyen, Jennifer Bräunig, Rai S. Kookana, Sarit L. Kaserzon, Emma R. Knight, Hoang Nhat Phong Vo, Shervin Kabiri, Divina A. Navarro, Charles Grimison, Nicole Riddell,et al.
American Chemical Society (ACS)
This study investigated the mobilization of a wide range of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) present in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) in water-saturated soils through one-dimensional (1-D) column experiments with a view to assessing the feasibility of their remediation by soil desorption and washing. Results indicated that sorption/desorption of most of the shorter-carbon-chain PFASs (C ≤ 6) in soil reached greater than 99% rapidly─after approximately two pore volumes (PVs) and were well predicted by an equilibrium transport model, indicating that they will be readily removed by soil washing technologies. In contrast, the equilibrium model failed to predict the mobilization of longer-chain PFASs (C ≥ 7), indicating the presence of nonequilibrium sorption/desorption (confirmed by a flow interruption experiment). The actual time taken to attain 99% sorption/desorption was up to 5 times longer than predicted by the equilibrium model (e.g., ∼62 PVs versus ∼12 PVs predicted for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in loamy sand). The increasing contribution of hydrophobic interactions over the electrostatic interactions is suggested as the main driving factor of the nonequilibrium processes. The inverse linear relationship (R2 = 0.6, p < 0.0001) between the nonequilibrium mass transfer rate coefficient and the Freundlich sorption coefficient could potentially be a useful means for preliminary evaluation of potential nonequilibrium sorption/desorption of PFASs in soils.
John Awad, Gianluca Brunetti, Albert Juhasz, Mike Williams, Divina Navarro, Barbara Drigo, Jeremy Bougoure, Joanne Vanderzalm, and Simon Beecham
Elsevier BV