Dr. Haider Mahmood Jawad
@ruc.edu.iq
Computer technology engineering
AL-Rafidain university college
EDUCATION
Haider Mahmood Jawad was born in the Baghdad Governorate in 1984. He studied at Al-Rafidain University College and obtained a bachelor's degree in Computer Communications Engineering in 2007. After teaching in the field of laboratories, he obtained master's degrees in Electrical and Communications Engineering from the National Tenaga University (UNITEN) in 2014 from Malaysia. He also earned a doctorate in electrical engineering from University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in 2020. He a lecturer and researcher in the Department of Computer Communications Engineering at Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq. His research interests include wireless, wireless sensor networks, UAV applications, and wireless power transfer. he has skills in MS Office, presentations and slideshows, and MATLAB programming. He has many experience certificates.
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Wireless, Wireless Sensor Networks, UAV Applications, and Wireless Power Transfer
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Akram AbdelBaqi AbdelRahman, Noor Kadhim Meftin, Eman Khalil Alak, Haider Mahmood Jawad, Qais Y. Hatim, Yurii Khlaponin, and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher
IEEE
Background: Relying on the growth of mobile data traffic and cloud service, it is essential to enhance network performance in the cloud domain to guarantee uninterrupted accessibility. Integrating long-term evolution (LTE) networks with cloud services presents its challenges, prompted by LTE’s flighty bandwidth and concerns about latency. Some recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) seemingly can answer these problems, giving more efficient cloud networking over LTE.Objective: The article aims to analyze AI-based optimization techniques for the enhancement of cloud network performance in the realm of LTE, focusing on stable connectivity provision and reducing latency and bandwidth variation.Methods: The study proposes a multi-method approach to the prediction and evaluation of network quality based on machine learning algorithms, utilizing deep learning models for cloud networking configuration changes. These simulation tools can recreate LTE network conditions and assess the efficiency of AI-based optimization methods in different scenarios.Results: The preliminary data shows AI-driven optimizations at cloud networking outperform by almost 40% in reducing latency, and another 25% improvement should be achieved over LTE. By employing deep learning algorithms in predictive analysis and real-time changes, the sought-after goal of managing network uncertainty has been met.Conclusion: AI-based optimizations are a practical way to bridge the LTE gap in cloud networking, achieving significant gains across connectivity, bandwidth, and latency. This article showcases how AI can transform LTE cloud services, initiating a direction for stronger and smarter cloud networking.
Reem Talal Taha, Mustafa Muhanad M. Salih, Azhar Raheem Mohammed Al-Ani, Haider Mahmood Jawad, Noorhan Waleed Abdulah, Andrei Kotenko, and Waleed A. Mahmoud Al-Jawher
IEEE
Departing from multimedia services among multiple access networks, the Integrated Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) technology is required to enhance communication flexibility and efficiency. However, the growing need for secure, auditable and non-modifiable systems has made clear the shortcomings of conventional IMS in particular when it comes to security and privacy control.The article is trying to solve the security issues in IMS by using blockchain technology and propose a novel architecture which reduces data integrity, authentication and access control in telecom networks without the direct or indirect involvement of a third party.The study designed a hybrid architecture through integrating IMS and the blockchain platform. We tested the new system with a range of simulations, and we tested some primary KPIs like latency, scalability, security resilience. Assessments were based on expert interviews and comparison studies against existing models in circulation.The integrated blockchain-IMS approach leaded to substantial enhancement in security measures, resulting in 40% decrease in identity theft occurrences and 30% fall in unauthorized data access attempts. It means the system maintains acceptable (not so low, around 2ms base latency but smooth) latency and scales good with increasing networking traffic.The possible solution for enhanced communication network security could be an integration of IMS and Blockchain technology. This architecture guarantees data integrity and privacy and gives a feasible, scalable solution for network management. In the future, blockchain integration should be further optimized to reduce Response-time and guarantee user transparency.
, Mohammed Hussein, Abdullah Qays Taher, , Mohammed Jasim Mohammed, , Alaan Ghazi, , Abdullah Mohammed Awad, ,et al.
Editorial Board of Journal Radioelectronics, Nanosystems, Information Technology RENSIT
Background: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can potentially transform several sectors, notably last-mile delivery. Despite its potential, their implementation in real-world situations, particularly in severe weather like rain, must be improved with route optimisation and stability issues. Objective: This study aims to provide a fresh approach to the issues that drones confront in wet weather using unique MySQL code designed to improve drone performance in such environments. Methods: A customised algorithm based on the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) was specially adapted for drone delivery. It considers battery life, payload weight, and estimated delivery timeframes. This algorithm aims to alter the drone's path under wet circumstances to maintain balance, preserve energy, and reduce the possibility of delivery failure. Results: Using MySQL custom code for drones may bring several advantages. It may not only increase battery life by guaranteeing appropriate routing, but it may also shorten delivery times and prevent cases of lost or damaged items due to weather. Delivery efficiency may be significantly improved. Conclusion: Incorporating bespoke MySQL code provides a viable option for addressing the inherent issues that drones confront in damp situations. This technology allows for more dependable and effective drone deliveries, even in less-than-ideal weather circumstances, by optimising routes and assuring stability.
Haider Mahmood Jawad, Saif Saad Ahmed, Mustafa Mohammmed Jassim, and Borys Korniichuk
IEEE
Background: Accurate pH measurement is vital in diverse settings such as water quality assessment, food production, and laboratory procedures. This study introduces a pH meter design utilizing the Arduino platform, a cost-effective and user-friendly open-source electronic platform.Objective: To develop and test an Arduino-powered pH meter that displays a solution’s pH accurately on a liquid crystal display (LCD).Methods: The design is based on a pH sensor, which measures the pH by detecting voltage differences between reference and pH electrodes. These values are then shown on an LCD managed by the Arduino board. Calibration and verification of the device’s accuracy were conducted using buffer solutions with known pH values. Results: The Arduino-centric pH meter proved to be both practical and reliable, with a maximum inaccuracy of only 0.1 pH. It provided accurate readings within the pH range of 4.0 to 9.0. Conclusion: Arduino-driven pH meter’s offer an efficient, affordable, and simple means for pH measurements across various applications. Given its proven precision and reliability, this design can be applied in any scenario demanding pH value determinations.
Ahmed Alkhayyat, Firas Abedi, Ashish Bagwari, Pooja Joshi, Haider Mahmood Jawad, Sarmad Nozad Mahmood, and Yousif K Yousif
SAGE Publications
Cognitive radios are expected to play an important role in capturing the constantly growing traffic interest on remote networks. To improve the usage of the radio range, a cognitive radio hub detects the weather, evaluates the open-air qualities, and then makes certain decisions and distributes the executives’ space assets. The cognitive radio works in tandem with artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence methodologies to provide a flexible and intelligent allocation for continuous production cycles. The purpose is to provide a single source of information in the form of a survey research to enable academics better understand how artificial intelligence methodologies, such as fuzzy logics, genetic algorithms, and artificial neural networks, are used to various cognitive radio systems. The various artificial intelligence approaches used in cognitive radio engines to improve cognition capabilities in cognitive radio networks are examined in this study. Computerized reasoning approaches, such as fuzzy logic, evolutionary algorithms, and artificial neural networks, are used in the writing audit. This topic also covers cognitive radio network implementation and the typical learning challenges that arise in cognitive radio systems.
Aqeel Mahmood Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Haider Mahmood Jawad, Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Asma’ Abu-Samah, Mahmood Jawad Abu-Alshaeer, and Nor Fadzilah Abdullah
MDPI AG
Recent major advancements in drone charging station design are related to the differences in coil design between the material (copper or aluminum) and inner thickness (diameter design) to address power transfer optimization and increased efficiency. The designs are normally challenged with reduced weight on the drone’s side, which can lead to reduced payload or misalignment position issues between receiver and transmitter, limiting the performance of wireless charging. In this work, the coil combination was tested in vertical alignment from 2 cm to 50 cm, and in lateral misalignment positions that were stretched across 2, 5, 8, 10, and 15 cm ranges. Simulated and experimental results demonstrated improved transfer distances when the drone battery load was 100 Ω. With the proposed design, the vertical transfer power that was achieved was 21.12 W, 0.460 A, with 81.5% transfer efficiency, while the maximum lateral misalignment air gap that was achieved was 2 cm with 19.22 W and 74.15% efficiency. This study provides evidence that the developed circuit that is based on magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) is an effective technique towards improving power transfer efficiency across different remote and unmanned Internet of Things (IoT) applications, including drones for radiation monitoring and smart agriculture.
Haider Mahmood Jawad, Ahmed A. Thabit, Mikola Patlayenko, Olena Osharovska, Valentina Solodka, and Volodymyr Pyliavskyi
IEEE
This paper considers the implementation of distributed video coding based on hierarchical wavelet transform. The low - frequency coefficients of the eighth and ninth decomposition levels are transmitted as key frames. Every second frame is skipped and interpolated in the decoder by key frames and additional (side) information containing wavelet coefficient prediction errors and considered as motion vectors. A comparison of the developed software complex and the DISCOVER codec was made based on the dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio on the bitrate. The concept of movement complexity is introduced and the gain from the application of the developed algorithm for generating side information using the BD-PSNR criterion is estimated for different video sequences.
Haider Mahmood Jawad, Mahmood Jawad Abu-AlShaeer, Serhii Yevseiev, Valery Kornienko, and Oleksandr Turovsky
IEEE
One of the factors of internal disturbances and obstacles in the operation of the system of synchronization of coherent demodulators of telecommunication control systems and remote learning, which directly affect the efficiency of the entire system, are transient processes caused by the system's reaction to the transition from one stationary state to another stationary state. At the current stage of research devoted to the issue of minimizing the influence of the transient process on the operation of the phase synchronization system, increasing the speed and reducing the transient component of the phase error, which is generated by transient processes, was solved by the synthesis of an open connection under the condition of minimizing the phase error in the stable and transient modes of operation of the synchronization system. The solution of the specified task was solved by the method of synthesis of an open connection, the link of which had a permanent structure. As an improvement of the methodology for building a system of phase synchronization of coherent demodulators for telecommunication control and distance learning systems, a mathematical model and a method based on it are proposed in the work, which allows for the synthesis of the open link of the combined synchronization system with a variable structure. Thanks to this, further minimization of the influence of transient processes on the efficiency of the synchronization system of the coherent demodulator is ensured. The scheme of open communication with a variable structure proposed in the paper allows to minimize the influence of the transient process on the efficiency of the synchronization system by influencing the time of the transient process. The assessment carried out in the work of the possibility of an open connection link with a variable structure in terms of the influence on the time of the transient process in the system showed that by logically switching to an open connection branch with the appropriate values of the time operator, it is possible to achieve up to 6 or more times the reduction of the time of the transient process in compared to the transient process in a system with a stable scheme of an open communication link. This ensures an increase in the efficiency of receiving the input signal by the coherent demodulator and affects the quality of data transmission in telecommunication control and distance learning systems.
Nameer Hashim Qasim, Aqeel Mahmood Jawad Abu-Alshaeer, Haidar Mahmood Jawad, Yurii Khlaponin, and Oleksandr Nikitchyn
Private Company Technology Center
UAVs or drones as an alternative solution to providing high-quality Internet service in difficult terrain are environmentally friendly and do not consume electricity during the day as is the case with communication towers. But the developers of the network face difficulties in the drone communication system associated with the need to take into consideration unpredictable weather conditions and terrain, as well as the short life of the drone's batteries. Therefore, the object of this study is the process of managing UAV traffic through the use of gNB-IoT in 5G. The possibility of using a mobile UAV repeater during traffic management using radio resources (RR), radio access network (RAN), the infrastructure with broadcasting tools and dynamic connection using MU-MIMO modulation is shown. The use of these tools makes it possible to connect the drone to the wired base network from the provider and then restore the radio frequency signal and broadcast to another coverage area where this subscriber does not have network coverage, use the channel quality indicator (CQI) representation as a QoE function. Undoubtedly, traffic management is the process of obtaining information about traffic control from one endpoint to another, which confirms the reliability and management of data transmission. Meanwhile, drone traffic management can be used to reduce time delays and remove network interference by relying on Internet of Things programs that use NB-5G technology. The UAV's traffic management improvement process uses a proposed algorithm to generate dynamic flow data management to enhance traffic processing of flow control in the IoT
Amer T. Abed, Aqeel M. Jawad, Haider M. Jawad, and Mahmood J. Abu-Alshaeer
IEEE
This research presented a novel of (F-J) antenna, where the tapered feeding strip line fed a frame that loops back to the ground. Within this frame, branches forming the structures F and J. The antenna has measured wide impedance bandwidth of 3.4-30 GHz that can be used for many wireless communications such as WiMAX (3.4GHz–3.6GHz /5GHz– 6GHz), Wi-Fi (5GHz–5.8GHz), 5G (5-6 and 27-28 GHz), ultra wideband (UWB) (3.1–10.6 GHz), and multichannel video and data distribution service (MVDDS) (12.2–12.7 GHz). . The effect of varying the dimensions of some parameters and the surface current distribution had been investigated carefully in this research to optimize the dimensions of the proposed antenna. A good matching was observed between the measured and the simulated data for the reflection coefficient, the radiation patterns and the gain.
Haider Mahmood Jawad, Aqeel Mahmood Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Nor Fadzilah Abdullah, Mahamod Ismail, and Mahmood Jawad Abu-AlShaeer
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received significant attention in the last few years in the agriculture field. Among the major challenges for sensor nodes’ deployment in agriculture is the path loss in the presence of dense grass or the height of trees. This results in degradation of communication link quality due to absorption, scattering, and attenuation through the crop’s foliage or trees. In this study, two new path-loss models were formulated based on the MATLAB curve-fitting tool for ZigBee WSN in a farm field. The path loss between the router node (mounted on a drone) and the coordinator node was modeled and derived based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in the farm field. Two path-loss models were formulated based on exponential (EXP) and polynomial (POLY) functions. Both functions were combined with PSO, namely, the hybrid EXP-PSO and POLY-PSO algorithms, to find the optimal coefficients of functions that would result in accurate path-loss models. The results show that the hybrid EXP-PSO and POLY-PSO models noticeably improved the coefficient of determination (R2) of the regression line, with the mean absolute error (MAE) found to be 1.6 and 2.7 dBm for EXP-PSO and POLY-PSO algorithms. The achieved R2 in this study outperformed the previous state-of-the-art models. An accurate path-loss model is essential for smart agriculture application to determine the behavior of the propagated signals and to deploy the nodes in the WSN in a position that ensures data communication without unnecessary packets’ loss between nodes.
Aqeel Mahmood Jawad, Haider Mahmood Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Nor Fadzilah Abdullah, and Mahmood Jawad Abu-Alshaeer
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Drones can be used in agriculture applications to monitor crop yield and climate conditions and to extend the communication range of wireless sensor networks in monitoring areas. However, monitoring the climate conditions in agriculture applications faces challenges and limitations, such as drone flight time, power consumption, and communication distance, which are addressed in this study. Wireless power transfer (WPT) can be used to charge drone batteries. WPT using a magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) technique was considered in this study because it allows high transfer power and efficiency with tens of centimeters, power transfers can be achieved in misalignment situations, charging several devices simultaneously, and unaffected by weather conditions. WPT was practically implemented based on a solar cell using a proposed flat spiral coil (FSC) in the transmitter circuit and multiturn coil (MTC) in a receiver circuit (drone) for the alignment and misalignment of two coils at different distances. FSC and MTC improved power transfer and efficiency to 20.46 W and 85.25%, respectively, at 0 cm with the loaded system under alignment condition. In addition, the two coils achieved appropriate transfer efficiencies and power for charging the drone battery under misaligned conditions. The maximum power transfer and efficiency were 17.1 W and 71% for the misalignment condition, at an air gap of 1 cm between two coils when the system was loaded with the drone battery. Moreover, the battery life of the drone was extended to 851 minutes based on the proposed sleep/active strategy relative to the traditional operation (i.e., 25.84 minutes). Consequently, a 96.9% battery power saving was achieved based on this strategy. Comparison results showed that the proposed system outperformed some present techniques in terms of the transfer power, transfer efficiency, and drone battery life. The proposed WPT technique developed in this study has been proven to solve the misalignment issue. Thus it offers a great opportunity as a key deployment component for the automation of farming practices toward the Internet of Farming applications.
Haider Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Sadik Gharghan, Aqeel Jawad, Mahamod Ismail, and Mahmood Abu-AlShaeer
MDPI AG
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in modern precision agriculture to monitor climate conditions and to provide agriculturalists with a considerable amount of useful information is currently being widely considered. However, WSNs exhibit several limitations when deployed in real-world applications. One of the challenges faced by WSNs is prolonging the life of sensor nodes. This challenge is the primary motivation for this work, in which we aim to further minimize the energy consumption of a wireless agriculture system (WAS), which includes air temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture. Two power reduction schemes are proposed to decrease the power consumption of the sensor and router nodes. First, a sleep/wake scheme based on duty cycling is presented. Second, the sleep/wake scheme is merged with redundant data about soil moisture, thereby resulting in a new algorithm called sleep/wake on redundant data (SWORD). SWORD can minimize the power consumption and data communication of the sensor node. A 12 V/5 W solar cell is embedded into the WAS to sustain its operation. Results show that the power consumption of the sensor and router nodes is minimized and power savings are improved by the sleep/wake scheme. The power consumption of the sensor and router nodes is improved by 99.48% relative to that in traditional operation when the SWORD algorithm is applied. In addition, data communication in the SWORD algorithm is minimized by 86.45% relative to that in the sleep/wake scheme. The comparison results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform power reduction techniques proposed in other studies. The average current consumptions of the sensor nodes in the sleep/wake scheme and the SWORD algorithm are 0.731 mA and 0.1 mA, respectively.
Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Aqeel Mahmood Jawad, Haider Mahmood Jawad, and Mahamod Ismail
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
When localizing wireless sensor networks, estimating the distances of sensor nodes according to the known locations of the anchor nodes remains a challenge. As nodes may transfer from one place to another, a localization technique that can measure or determine the location of a mobile node is necessary. In this paper, the distance between a bicycle when moves on the cycling track and a coordinator node (i.e., coach), which positioned on the middle of the cycling field was estimated for the indoor and outdoor velodromes. The distance was determined based on two methods. First, the raw estimate is done by using the log-normal shadowing model (LNSM) and later, the intelligence technique, based on adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is applied to improve the distance estimation accuracy, especially in an indoor environment, which the signal is severely dominated by the effect of wireless multipath impairments. The received signal strength indicator from anchor nodes based on ZigBee wireless protocol are employed as inputs to the ANFIS and LNSM. In addition, the parameters of the propagation channel, such as standard deviation and path loss exponent were measured. The results shown that the distance estimation accuracy was improved by 84% and 99% for indoor and outdoor velodromes, respectively, after applying the ANFIS optimization, relative to the rough estimate by the LNSM method. Moreover, the proposed ANFIS technique outperforms the previous studies in terms of errors of estimated distance with minimal mean absolute error of 0.023 m (outdoor velodrome) and 0.283 m (indoor velodrome).
Sadik Gharghan, Saleem Mohammed, Ali Al-Naji, Mahmood Abu-AlShaeer, Haider Jawad, Aqeel Jawad, and Javaan Chahl
MDPI AG
Falls are the main source of injury for elderly patients with epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease. Elderly people who carry battery powered health monitoring systems can move unhindered from one place to another according to their activities, thus improving their quality of life. This paper aims to detect when an elderly individual falls and to provide accurate location of the incident while the individual is moving in indoor environments such as in houses, medical health care centers, and hospitals. Fall detection is accurately determined based on a proposed sensor-based fall detection algorithm, whereas the localization of the elderly person is determined based on an artificial neural network (ANN). In addition, the power consumption of the fall detection system (FDS) is minimized based on a data-driven algorithm. Results show that an elderly fall can be detected with accuracy levels of 100% and 92.5% for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, respectively. In addition, elderly indoor localization error is improved with a mean absolute error of 0.0094 and 0.0454 m for LOS and NLOS, respectively, after the application of the ANN optimization technique. Moreover, the battery life of the FDS is improved relative to conventional implementation due to reduced computational effort. The proposed FDS outperforms existing systems in terms of fall detection accuracy, localization errors, and power consumption.
Aqeel Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Sadik Gharghan, Haider Jawad, Mahamod Ismail, and Mahmood Abu-AlShaeer
MDPI AG
Single-tube loop coil (STLC) and multi-turn copper wire coil (MTCWC) wireless power transfer (WPT) methods are proposed in this study to overcome the challenges of battery life during low-power home appliance operations. Transfer power, efficiency, and distance are investigated for charging mobile devices on the basis of the two proposed systems. The transfer distances of 1–15 cm are considered because the practicality of this range has been proven to be reliable in the current work on mobile device battery charging. For STLC, the Li-ion battery is charged with total system efficiencies of 86.45%, 77.08%, and 52.08%, without a load, at distances of 2, 6, and 15 cm, respectively. When the system is loaded with 100 Ω at the corresponding distances, the transfer efficiencies are reduced to 80.66%, 66.66%, and 47.04%. For MTCWC, the battery is charged with total system efficiencies of 88.54%, 75%, and 52.08%, without a load, at the same distances of 2, 6, and 15 cm. When the system is loaded with 100 Ω at the corresponding distances, the transfer efficiencies are drastically reduced to 39.52%, 33.6%, and 15.13%. The contrasting results, between the STLC and MTCWC methods, are produced because of the misalignment between their transmitters and receiver coils. In addition, the diameter of the MTCWC is smaller than that of the STLC. The output power of the proposed system can charge the latest smartphone in the market, with generated output powers of 5 W (STLC) and 2 W (MTCWC). The above WPT methods are compared with other WPT methods in the literature.
Haider Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Sadik Gharghan, Aqeel Jawad, and Mahamod Ismail
MDPI AG
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used in agriculture to provide farmers with a large amount of information. Precision agriculture (PA) is a management strategy that employs information technology to improve quality and production. Utilizing wireless sensor technologies and management tools can lead to a highly effective, green agriculture. Based on PA management, the same routine to a crop regardless of site environments can be avoided. From several perspectives, field management can improve PA, including the provision of adequate nutrients for crops and the wastage of pesticides for the effective control of weeds, pests, and diseases. This review outlines the recent applications of WSNs in agriculture research as well as classifies and compares various wireless communication protocols, the taxonomy of energy-efficient and energy harvesting techniques for WSNs that can be used in agricultural monitoring systems, and comparison between early research works on agriculture-based WSNs. The challenges and limitations of WSNs in the agricultural domain are explored, and several power reduction and agricultural management techniques for long-term monitoring are highlighted. These approaches may also increase the number of opportunities for processing Internet of Things (IoT) data.
Aqeel Mahmood Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Haider Mahmood Jawad, and Mahamod Ismail
MDPI AG
Traditional power supply cords have become less important because they prevent large-scale utilization and mobility. In addition, the use of batteries as a substitute for power cords is not an optimal solution because batteries have a short lifetime, thereby increasing the cost, weight, and ecological footprint of the hardware implementation. Their recharging or replacement is impractical and incurs operational costs. Recent progress has allowed electromagnetic wave energy to be transferred from power sources (i.e., transmitters) to destinations (i.e., receivers) wirelessly, the so-called wireless power transfer (WPT) technique. New developments in WPT technique motivate new avenues of research in different applications. Recently, WPT has been used in mobile phones, electric vehicles, medical implants, wireless sensor network, unmanned aerial vehicles, and so on. This review highlights up-to-date studies that are specific to near-field WPT, which include the classification, comparison, and potential applications of these techniques in the real world. In addition, limitations and challenges of these techniques are highlighted at the end of the article.