Gagan Deep Singh

@upes.ac.in

Assistant Professor (Senior Scale), School of Computer Science
University of Petroleum & Energy Studies

Gagan Deep Singh


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https://researchid.co/gagandeepsingh

RESEARCH INTERESTS

System integration, optimization, and performance.
9

Scopus Publications

269

Scholar Citations

7

Scholar h-index

6

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Development of a GI Cancer Diagnostic Chatbot Based on RAG Model
    Aaditya Vijayvargiya, Anurag Kaushish, Kanika Rawat, Mithun Kumar SR, Gagan Deep Singh
    2025 4th Opju International Technology Conference on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 5 0 Otcon 2025, 2025
  • IoT-based intelligent transportation system through IoTV
    Gagan Deep Singh
    Industrial Internet of Things an Introduction, 2024
    Since India gained independence, the number of vehicles in the country has increased by 170 times, while the road infrastructure has only expanded nine times in proportion. The rate of vehicle population growth is approximately two and a half million per year. Road fatalities far exceed those from rail, air, and terrorism, and it is predicted that by 2030, road accidents will be the fifth largest cause of human deaths. Technology, specifically IoT-based intelligent transportation systems (ITS), can address the challenges posed by inadequate road infrastructure and development. International consortia can collaborate to develop solutions tailored to such conditions. This chapter presents facts related to Indian transport and road accidents and proposes an IoT-based intelligent transportation system, termed IoTV, to improve transportation and reduce accident rates. The authors recommend an IoTV solution for ITS in their paper.
  • Routing Challenges in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network and Significance of Swarm Intelligence for Efficient Routing
    Gagan Deep Singh, Anil Kumar, Ankur Dumka
    Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2022
  • The Significance of Satisfaction-index and a Methodology to Evaluate a Customer Satisfaction Index Based on a Study Done for UPES
    Gagan Deep Singh, Jatender Sharma, Tarandeep Kaur Bhatia
    2022 10th International Conference on Reliability Infocom Technologies and Optimization Trends and Future Directions Icrito 2022, 2022
    The work presented in this paper is the outcome of the study that was based on the online surveys conducted at UPES for the improvement of IT related services. First, the qualitative approach has opted in which brainstorming sessions are done and questions for the survey are collected. The second approach is applied based on quantitative research in which a questionnaire is prepared and circulated to end-user of IT services at “The University of Petroleum and Energy Studies”, UPES, Dehradun. The survey is circulated to the staff and faculties of UPES for feedback. The biannual survey is done in the first month of the year 2021 and then repeated after improving the IT services, second survey was conducted in July 2021. A methodology is proposed and adopted to validate the study. The statistical techniques are applied and based on this satisfaction index SI is computed for both the surveys. The SI comparison of both surveys shows that the SI value has been improved with a 0.13 index in the second survey. This concludes that these types of survey-based studies are very important for organizations that have deployed IT-based services in their organizations. This paper also suggests that the SI value is based on the end-user and it always hinders the performance of the users in their day-to-day tasks. So, performance evaluation of end-user satisfaction plays an integral role in the development of any organization.
  • Hybrid Genetic Firefly Algorithm-Based Routing Protocol for VANETs
    Gagan Deep Singh, Manish Prateek, Sunil Kumar, Madhushi Verma, Dilbag Singh, et al.
    IEEE Access, 2022
    Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) are used for efficient communication among the vehicles to vehicle (V2V) infrastructure. Currently, VANETs are facing node management, security, and routing problems in V2V communication. Intelligent transportation systems have raised the research opportunity in routing, security, and mobility management in VANETs. One of the major challenges in VANETs is the optimization of routing for desired traffic scenarios. Traditional protocols such as Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), and Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) are perfect for generic mobile nodes but do not fit for VANET due to the high and dynamic nature of vehicle movement. Similarly, swarm intelligence routing algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) routing techniques are partially successful for addressing optimized routing for sparse, dense, and realistic traffic network scenarios in VANET. Also, the majority of metaheuristics techniques suffer from premature convergence, being stuck in local optima, and poor convergence speed problems. Therefore, a Hybrid Genetic Firefly Algorithm-based Routing Protocol (HGFA) is proposed for faster communication in VANET. Features of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) are integrated with the Firefly algorithm and applied in VANET routing for both sparse and dense network scenarios. Extensive comparative analysis reveals that the proposed HGFA algorithm outperforms Firefly and PSO techniques with 0.77% and 0.55% of significance in dense network scenarios and 0.74% and 0.42% in sparse network scenarios, respectively.
  • A Novel Routing Protocol for Realistic Traffic Network Scenarios in VANET
    Gagan Deep Singh, Sunil Kumar, Hammam Alshazly, Sahar Ahmed Idris, Madhushi Verma, et al.
    Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2021
    The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has traditional routing protocols that evolved from mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The standard routing protocols of VANET are geocast, topology, broadcast, geographic, and cluster-based routing protocols. They have their limitations and are not suitable for all types of VANET traffic scenarios. Hence, metaheuristics algorithms like evolutionary, trajectory, nature-inspired, and ancient-inspired algorithms can be integrated with standard routing algorithms of VANET to achieve optimized routing performance results in desired VANET traffic scenarios. This paper proposes integrating genetic algorithm (GA) in ant colony optimization (ACO) technique (GAACO) for an optimized routing algorithm in three different realistic VANET network traffic scenarios. The paper compares the traditional VANET routing algorithm along with the metaheuristics approaches and also discusses the VANET simulation scenario for experimental purposes. The implementation of the proposed approach is tested on the open-source network and traffic simulation tools to verify the results. The three different traffic scenarios were deployed on Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) and tested using NS3.2. After comparing them, the results were satisfactory and it is found that the GAACO algorithm has performed better in all three different traffic scenarios. The realistic traffic network scenarios are taken from Dehradun City with four performance metric parameters including the average throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and packet loss in a network. The experimental results conclude that the proposed GAACO algorithm outperforms particle swarm intelligence (PSO), ACO, and Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) routing protocols with an average significant value of 1.55%, 1.45%, and 1.23% in three different VANET network scenarios.
  • Swarm intelligence based efficient routing algorithm for platooning in VANET through ant colony optimization
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
    Today’s era is of smart technology, Computing intelligence and simulations. Many areas are now fully depended on simulation results for implementing real time workflow. Worldwide researchers and many automobile consortium are working to make intelligent Vehicular Ad hoc Network but till yet it is just a theory-based permutation. If we take VANET routing procedures then it is mainly focussing on AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols. Similarly, one more area of Swarm Intelligence is also attained attention of industry and researchers. Due the behavior of dynamic movement of vehicle and ants, Ant Colony Optimization is best suited for VANET performance simulations. Much of the work has already done and in progress for routing protocols in VANET but not focused on platooning techniques of vehicle nodes in VANET. In our research idea, we came up with a hypothesis that proposes efficient routing algorithm that made platooning in VANET optimized by minimizing the average delay waiting and stoppage time. In our methodology, we have used OMNET++, SUMO, Veins and Traci for testing of our hypothesis. Parameters that we took into consideration are end-to-end delay as an average, packet data delivery ratio, throughput, data packet size, number of vehicle nodes etc. Swarm Intelligence has proved a way forward in VANET scenarios and simulation for more accurate results. In this paper, we implemented Ant Colony Optimization technique in VANET simulation and proved through results that if it integrates with VANET routing scenarios then result will be at its best.
  • Model for land cover estimation using unsupervised machine learning on Google maps color images
    R. S. Bhowmick, A. Kumar, G. D. Singh, S. Kumar
    International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ISPRS Archives, 2018
    <p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Remote sensing data and satellite images are broadly used for land cover information. There are so many challenges to classify pixels on the basis of features and characteristics. Generally it is pixel classification that required the count of pixels for certain area of interest. In the proposed model, we are applying unsupervised machine learning to classify the content of the input images on the basis of pixels intensity. The study aims to compare classification accuracy of different landscape characteristics like water, forest, urban, agricultural areas, transport network and other classes adapted from CORINE (Coordination of information on the environment) nomenclature. To fulfil the aim of the model, accessing data from Google map using Google static API service which creates a map based on URL parameters sent through a standard HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) request and returns the map as an image which can be display on any graphical user interface platform. The Google Static Maps API returns an image either in GIF, PNG or JPEG format in response to an HTTP request. To identify different land cover/use classes using k-means clustering. The model is dynamic in nature that describes the clustering as well formulate the area of the concerned class or clustered fields.</p>
  • A review on VANET routing protocols and wireless standards
    Gagan Deep Singh, Ravi Tomar, Hanumat G. Sastry, Manish Prateek
    Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies, 2018
    The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an ad hoc network system based on the concept of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in which nodes (vehicle) that are being connected with each other by wireless technologies. But due to the non deterministic mobility behavior and high velocity of automobiles, the topology is unpredictable. Such types of system can work independently and can also be interconnected through internet with in its infrastructure. The system characteristics such as multi-hop paths, node mobility, huge network, device heterogeneity, congestion and bandwidth are the constraints in designing the routing protocols for VANET. The present routing protocols that have been deployed for MANET are used to test the VANET accuracy and performance. Present research efforts are strongly emphasized on designing a novel routing algorithm and its implementations. Recent VANET research are majorly focused on predefined areas such as broadcasting and routing, security, quality of service (QoS) and infotainment with information dissemination during emergencies. In this paper authors present a detailed review of wireless standards used in VANET with a number of trials in VANET and its deployment in many of the developed countries. As a conclusion we conceptualized some of the issues and research challenges in VANET that had not yet addressed so that industry can opt for widespread adoption of scalable, reliable, secure and robust VANET protocols, architectures services and technologies and enable the ubiquitous deployment of it.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Development of a GI Cancer Diagnostic Chatbot Based on RAG Model
    A Vijayvargiya, A Kaushish, K Rawat, M Kumar SR, GD Singh
    2025 4th OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing … , 2025
    2025
  • The Significance of Satisfaction-index and a Methodology to Evaluate a Customer Satisfaction Index Based on a Study Done for UPES
    GD Singh, J Sharma, TK Bhatia
    2022 10th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and … , 2022
    2022
  • Routing Challenges in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network and Significance of Swarm Intelligence for Efficient Routing
    GD Singh, A Kumar, A Dumka
    Advances in Information Communication Technology and Computing: Proceedings … , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 2
  • THE SIGNIFICANCE VANET IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION AND ITS NEED FOR INDIA
    GD SINGH
    2nd International Conference on Science, Technology And Innovation , 2022
    2022
  • Hybrid genetic firefly algorithm-based routing protocol for VANETs
    GD Singh, M Prateek, S Kumar, M Verma, D Singh, HN Lee
    IEEE Access 10, 9142-9151 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 107
  • A data visualization approach for predicting the income class of the population
    GD Singh, H Vig, A Kumar
    2021 5th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and … , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 2
  • An efficient and secured data sharing approach through image transmission
    H Vig, GD Singh, T Choudhury, T Sarkar
    2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics … , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 2
  • AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF IT SERVICES ON END-USER SATISFACTION FOR UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY STUDIES
    SG Jatender Sharma, Gagan Deep Singh, Sunil Kumar
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION, RESEARCH AND CHALLENGES IN EMERGING … , 2021
    2021
  • Routing challenges in Vehicular Adhoc Network and significance of swarm intelligence for efficient routing
    AD Gagan Deep Singh, Anil Kumar
    3rd International Conference on Advances in Information Communication … , 2021
    2021
  • METHODOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE SATISFACTION INDEX FOR IT USERS AT UPES
    JS Gagan Deep Singh
    2nd International Conference on Social Science, Management and Technology in … , 2021
    2021
  • A novel routing protocol for realistic traffic network scenarios in VANET
    GD Singh, S Kumar, H Alshazly, SA Idris, M Verma, SM Mostafa
    Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (1), 7817249 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 42
  • Methodology to perform simulation experiments for realistic VANET scenarios using open source software tools
    GHS G.D.SINGH, M. PRATEEK
    International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation ISSN:1475-7192 24 (6 … , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 6
  • A novel algorithm for efficient routing in vehicular ad hoc network using swarm intelligence optimization techniques
    G Singh, G.D., Prateek, M., Hanumat Sastry
    International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29, 1132-1143 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 8
  • Swarm Intelligence Based Algorithm for Efficient Routing in VANET
    HSG Gagan Deep Singh, Manish Prateek
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering … , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 11
  • Swarm intelligence based efficient routing algorithm for platooning in VANET through ant colony optimization
    G Singh, G.D., Prateek, M., Hanumat Sastry
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8 … , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 16
  • Prediction and Classification of Liver Disease Using Machine Learning
    GDS Sadhana Shah, Anurag Kumar
    Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) 6 (6), 36-39 , 2019
    2019
  • A Visionary Road map in applications of Robotics for emerging India
    AP Gagan Deep Singh, Manish Prateek
    Vigyan Garima Sindhu, CSTT, MHRD, ISSN23207726 , 2019
    2019
  • Model for land cover estimation using unsupervised machine learning on google maps color images
    RS Bhowmick, A Kumar, GD Singh, S Kumar
    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial … , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 2
  • A review on VANET routing protocols and wireless standards
    GD Singh, R Tomar, HG Sastry, M Prateek
    Smart Computing and Informatics: Proceedings of the First International … , 2017
    2017
    Citations: 55
  • Modelling and Simulation of Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
    R Tomar, GD Singh, M Prateek, GH Sastry
    International Journal of Control Theory and Applications 10, 245-253 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 2

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Hybrid genetic firefly algorithm-based routing protocol for VANETs
    GD Singh, M Prateek, S Kumar, M Verma, D Singh, HN Lee
    IEEE Access 10, 9142-9151 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 107
  • A review on VANET routing protocols and wireless standards
    GD Singh, R Tomar, HG Sastry, M Prateek
    Smart Computing and Informatics: Proceedings of the First International … , 2017
    2017
    Citations: 55
  • A novel routing protocol for realistic traffic network scenarios in VANET
    GD Singh, S Kumar, H Alshazly, SA Idris, M Verma, SM Mostafa
    Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (1), 7817249 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 42
  • Swarm intelligence based efficient routing algorithm for platooning in VANET through ant colony optimization
    G Singh, G.D., Prateek, M., Hanumat Sastry
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8 … , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 16
  • A survey on fault tolerance techniques and methods in cloud computing
    G Singh, S Kinger
    International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 2 (6), 3335-3346 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 14
  • Swarm Intelligence Based Algorithm for Efficient Routing in VANET
    HSG Gagan Deep Singh, Manish Prateek
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering … , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 11
  • A novel algorithm for efficient routing in vehicular ad hoc network using swarm intelligence optimization techniques
    G Singh, G.D., Prateek, M., Hanumat Sastry
    International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29, 1132-1143 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 8
  • Methodology to perform simulation experiments for realistic VANET scenarios using open source software tools
    GHS G.D.SINGH, M. PRATEEK
    International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation ISSN:1475-7192 24 (6 … , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 6
  • Routing Challenges in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network and Significance of Swarm Intelligence for Efficient Routing
    GD Singh, A Kumar, A Dumka
    Advances in Information Communication Technology and Computing: Proceedings … , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 2
  • A data visualization approach for predicting the income class of the population
    GD Singh, H Vig, A Kumar
    2021 5th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and … , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 2
  • An efficient and secured data sharing approach through image transmission
    H Vig, GD Singh, T Choudhury, T Sarkar
    2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics … , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 2
  • Model for land cover estimation using unsupervised machine learning on google maps color images
    RS Bhowmick, A Kumar, GD Singh, S Kumar
    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial … , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 2
  • Modelling and Simulation of Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
    R Tomar, GD Singh, M Prateek, GH Sastry
    International Journal of Control Theory and Applications 10, 245-253 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 2
  • Development of a GI Cancer Diagnostic Chatbot Based on RAG Model
    A Vijayvargiya, A Kaushish, K Rawat, M Kumar SR, GD Singh
    2025 4th OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing … , 2025
    2025
  • The Significance of Satisfaction-index and a Methodology to Evaluate a Customer Satisfaction Index Based on a Study Done for UPES
    GD Singh, J Sharma, TK Bhatia
    2022 10th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and … , 2022
    2022
  • THE SIGNIFICANCE VANET IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION AND ITS NEED FOR INDIA
    GD SINGH
    2nd International Conference on Science, Technology And Innovation , 2022
    2022
  • AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF IT SERVICES ON END-USER SATISFACTION FOR UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY STUDIES
    SG Jatender Sharma, Gagan Deep Singh, Sunil Kumar
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION, RESEARCH AND CHALLENGES IN EMERGING … , 2021
    2021
  • Routing challenges in Vehicular Adhoc Network and significance of swarm intelligence for efficient routing
    AD Gagan Deep Singh, Anil Kumar
    3rd International Conference on Advances in Information Communication … , 2021
    2021
  • METHODOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE SATISFACTION INDEX FOR IT USERS AT UPES
    JS Gagan Deep Singh
    2nd International Conference on Social Science, Management and Technology in … , 2021
    2021
  • Prediction and Classification of Liver Disease Using Machine Learning
    GDS Sadhana Shah, Anurag Kumar
    Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) 6 (6), 36-39 , 2019
    2019