Prevalence, risk factors, and viral load quantification of HBV infection among hospital patients: A cross-sectional investigation in Mogadishu, Somalia Bashiru Garba, Amino Adan Mohamud, Fartuun Hassan Mohamed, Ayan Aden Moussa, Yusuf Yakubu, et al. Plos One, 2026 Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Somalia, with its fragile healthcare system and high-risk population, lacks up to date data on HBV epidemiology. This study assessed HBV prevalence, associated risk factors, and viral load among hospital patients in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four major hospitals in Mogadishu. Socio-demographic and clinical risk data were collected using structured questionnaires. Blood samples from 270 participants were screened for HBsAg using a rapid test, with positives confirmed and quantified for HBV DNA by real-time PCR. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified independent risk factors. Results HBsAg prevalence was 11.5% (n = 31), but only 2.2% of all participants (6/270; 19.4% of HBsAg-positives) had detectable HBV DNA. The strongest independent predictors were family history of HBV (AOR: 5.08, 95% CI 1.90–13.60) and history of tooth extraction (AOR: 3.18, 95% CI 1.24–8.12). Socio-economic factors, facility variations, and low vaccination were also observed. Classical behavioral risk factors were infrequent and not significant. Among PCR positive cases, only one presented with a high viral load (>20,000 IU/mL). Conclusion HBV poses a substantial, ongoing threat to the Somali population, especially in hospital-based settings. Household transmission and unsafe medical procedures are the most significant risk factors. Improving infection control, expanding vaccination, and prioritizing molecular diagnostics will be critical to effective HBV control in Somalia.
Infections of Dwarf Tapeworm Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Internally Displaced Children in Deynile District, Mogadishu, Somalia Mohamed Adam Mahamud, Nasteho Ali Isse, Abdirizaq Adan Ali, Abdikani Omar Salah, Ahmed Mahad Sheikh Mohamed, et al. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2026 Background Hymenolepis nana remains a major public health problem in areas with inadequate sanitation and limited access to healthcare. The infection is common in developing countries with high fecal–oral transmission rates. In Somalia, frequent internal displacement caused by conflict and natural disasters increases the vulnerability of children living in internally displaced person (IDP) camps. Objective This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of H. nana infection and identifying associated risk factors among displaced children residing in IDP camps in the Deynile district of Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from February to March 2024 among children aged 6 months–15 years in two IDP camps: Iga‐Daba Geey and Jilyaal. A total of 384 children were selected using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, hygiene practices, and potential risk factors. Stool samples were examined microscopically for H. nana eggs using the saline wet mount technique. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify statistically significant risk factors. Results The overall prevalence of H. nana infection was 27.08%, with males being significantly more affected than females ( p = 0.003). Children from Iga‐Daba Geey had higher infection rates compared with those from Jilyaal ( p = 0.004). Significant risk factors included large family size (> 5 members) (AOR = 6.96, p < 0.0001), playing on unclean grounds (AOR = 3.92, p = 0.030), fingernail biting (AOR = 3.25, p = 0.002), and consumption of unwashed vegetables and fruits (AOR = 8.16, p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study reveals a high prevalence of H. nana infection among children in IDP camps in Mogadishu. The findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, including improved sanitation, hygiene education, and regular deworming programs, to reduce infection risks among displaced populations.
Retrospective Evaluation of Hepatitis B Prevalence and Viral Load Pattern among Patients in Mogadishu, Somalia Iranian Journal of Public Health, 2026
Nasal colonization of pigs and farm attendants by staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Kebbi, Northwestern Nigeria Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2021
Maternal and Newborn Health in Somalia: A Narrative Review of Health System Challenges and Public Health Priorities JH Mohamoud, MH Adam, AMS Mohamed, B Garba, MA Mahamud, ... International Journal of Women's Health, 606754 , 2026 2026
The State of Anesthesia and Critical Care Services in Somalia: Challenges and Opportunities IA Mohamed, B Garba Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 593539 , 2026 2026
Outcomes and Risk Factors for Failed Trial of Labour After One Previous Caesarean Section in Selected Private Hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia: An Unmatched Case-Control Study MMM Adawe, FH Ibrahim, B Garba, NM Mudei, JH Mohamoud, AH Elmi International Journal of Women's Health, 595847 , 2026 2026
Current Cervical Cancer Status in Resource-Limited Somalia: a Systematic Review of Burden, Screening Findings, and Knowledge Gaps NI Dirie, MM Hassan, MM Ahmed, J Hassan, B Garba, SAS Al-Duais, ... Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 16 (1), 22 , 2026 2026
Climate change and the global spread of antimicrobial resistance in livestock systems: a comprehensive review MS Gaddafi, SI Saeed, NO Eltai, H Lawal, DD Ibrahim, IA Musawa, ... One Health Outlook , 2026 2026
Updated trends in the global prevalence and burden of mental disorders, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 DF Santomauro, PA Miller, J Shadid, SW Hanson, A Vo, DJ Roy, ... The Lancet 407 (10543), 2040-2064 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Model-Based Panel Analysis of Meat Condemnation in Sokoto Main Abattoir, Nigeria AH Jibril, I Ibrahim, A Shittu, AO Uhuami, RB Suraj, BM Arkilla, A Bello, ... Zoonotic Diseases 6 (2), 18 , 2026 2026
Serological and virological evidence of MERS-CoV infection among dromedary camels in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis MS Gaddafi, H Lawal, IA Musawa, B Garba, MD Goni, KO Jolayemi, ... Veterinary Research Communications 50 (2), 167 , 2026 2026
Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, its risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 BS Sarah, GB Rose, VD Regina-Mae, V Avina, B Garba The Lancet Neurology, 2026 , 2026 2026
Magnitude of Adverse Birth Outcomes and Predictors Among Newborns Delivered at Public Hospitals in Benadir Region, Somalia JH Mohamoud, ZA Warsame, MM Ibrahim, MH Adam, AMS Mohamed, ... Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health , 2026 2026
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium bovis from Tuberculosis Patients Attending Murtala Memorial Hospital, Sokoto. AM Ibrahim, MS Abdullahi, AA Magaji, MD Salihu, CA Kudi, B Garba, ... European Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3 (1), 39-39 , 2026 2026
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses during the Omicron Wave in Kano, Nigeria: Implications for Strengthening Future Vaccine Strategies B Ahmed, JA Bala, TR Hafiz, IA Aliyu, AS Kumurya, IM Badamasi, H Saidu, ... Next Research, 101493 , 2026 2026
Prevalence, risk factors, and viral load quantification of HBV infection among hospital patients: A cross-sectional investigation in Mogadishu, Somalia B Garba, AM Amino, HM Fartuun, AM Ayan, Y Yusuf, ID Najib, MA Aya, ... PLOS One 21 (1), e0340800 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Infections of Dwarf Tapeworm Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Internally Displaced Children in Deynile … MA Mahamud, N Ali Isse, AA Ali, AO Salah, AMS Mohamed, ... Journal of Parasitology Research 2026 (1), 1526083 , 2026 2026
Retrospective Evaluation of Hepatitis B Prevalence and Viral Load Pattern among Patients in Mogadishu, Somalia G Bashiru, HM Shukri, AS Hafida, ID Najib, KM Abdirahman, ... Iranian Journal of Public Health 55 (1), 143-150 , 2026 2026
Prevalence and Determinants of Facility Delivery Among Women in Somalia: Insights from the 2020 Somali Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) O Nor Haji, A Anas, G Bashiru, A Ibrahim Mohamed, A Abdiweli Mohamed, ... International Journal of Women’s Health 18 (2026), 1-15 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
A Case Report from Somalia: Multispecies Intestinal Parasitism and Helicobacter pylori Coinfection in a Child from a Displacement Camp MA Mahamud, JH Mohamoud, MH Adam, NI Dirie, OA Sheikh, EE Siddig, ... International Medical Case Reports Journal, 1631-1636 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Urolithiasis burden in Somalia: associated factors and regional distribution among patients undergoing CT scan in selected centers in Mogadishu NI Dirie, MM Ahmed, OM Olad, IH Shire, AK Mohamud, B Garba, ... Research and Reports in Urology, 105-118 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Burden and sociodemographic determinants of pneumonia and diarrhoea among children younger than 5 years in Somalia: a community-based cross-sectional study AA Tahlil, MM Osman, S Gedi, FA Haji, A Mohamed, AA Asir Rage, ... BMJ open 15 (11), e098505 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 M Naghavi, HH Kyu, B Garba, GBDCD Collaborators The Lancet , 2025 2025 Citations: 310
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 M Naghavi, HH Kyu, B Garba, GBDCD Collaborators The Lancet , 2025 2025 Citations: 310
Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational … SI Hay, KL Ong, DF Santomauro, B Garba, GBDDIRF Collaborators The Lancet , 2025 2025 Citations: 283
Sildenafil Use and Cigarette Smoking Associated with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Rare Case Report AH Mohamed, AM Ibrahim, AO Abdullahi, MA Zakaria, G Bashiru, ... Vascular Health and Risk Management 2024 (20), 21-26 , 2024 2024 Citations: 149
Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease … E Haeuser, S Byrne, J Nguyen, B Garba, GBD Collaborators The Lancet, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01037-2 , 2025 2025 Citations: 132
Major epidemiological factors associated with leptospirosis in Malaysia B Garba, AR Bahaman, SK Bejo, Z Zakaria, AR Mutalib, F Bande Acta tropica 178, 242-247 , 2018 2018 Citations: 119
Global age-sex-specific all-cause mortality and life expectancy estimates for 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1950–2023: a demographic analysis for … AE Schumacher, P Zheng, RM Barber, B Garba, GBDD Collaborators The Lancet , 2025 2025 Citations: 111
Retrospective study of leptospirosis in Malaysia B Garba, AR Bahaman, S Khairani-Bejo, Z Zakaria, AR Mutalib EcoHealth 14 (2), 389-398 , 2017 2017 Citations: 103
Evaluation of microbial contents of table eggs at retail outlets in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria MD Salihu, B Garba, I Yunusa Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 13 (1), 22-28 , 2015 2015 Citations: 77
Advances & challenges in leptospiral vaccine development G Bashiru, AR Bahaman Indian Journal of Medical Research 147 (1), 15-22 , 2018 2018 Citations: 59
Molecular characterization of pathogenic Leptospira sp. in small mammals captured from the human leptospirosis suspected areas of Selangor state, Malaysia NN Azhari, SNA Ramli, N Joseph, N Philip, NF Mustapha, SN Ishak, ... Acta tropica 188, 68-77 , 2018 2018 Citations: 55
Diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for the early detection of leptospirosis SN Alia, N Joseph, N Philip, NN Azhari, B Garba, SN Masri, Z Sekawi, ... Journal of Infection and Public Health 12 (2), 263-269 , 2019 2019 Citations: 51
Crude extracts of epidermal mucus and epidermis of climbing perch Anabas testudineus and its antibacterial and hemolytic activities A Al-Rasheed, KO Handool, B Garba, MM Noordin, SK Bejo, FM Kamal, ... The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 44 (2), 125-129 , 2018 2018 Citations: 41
Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat products in Malaysia using PFGE, and MLST Z Zakaria, L Hassan, Z Sharif, N Ahmad, RM Ali, SA Husin, NHA Hazis, ... BMC Veterinary Research 16 (1), 393 , 2020 2020 Citations: 40
Effect of mastitis on some hematological and biochemical parameters of Red Sokoto goats B Garba, SA Habibullah, B Saidu, N Suleiman Veterinary world 12 (4), 572 , 2019 2019 Citations: 39
An outbreak of leptospirosis among reserve military recruits, Hulu Perdik, Malaysia VK Neela, NN Azhari, N Joseph, NP Mimie, SNA Ramli, NF Mustapha, ... European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 38 (3), 523-528 , 2019 2019 Citations: 39
Current trend on the economic and public health significance of sal-monellosis in Iraq A Khaled, WA Moselhy, MA Ibrahim, AR Mahmoud, RRA El-Wahab Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci 7 (6), 492-497 , 2019 2019 Citations: 32
COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Potential Drivers of Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study HA Dahie, JH Mohamoud, MH Adam, B Garba, NI Dirie, MAS Nur, ... Vaccines 10 (7), 1116 , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Antigenic potential of a recombinant polyvalent DNA vaccine against pathogenic leptospiral infection B Garba, AR Bahaman, Z Zakaria, SK Bejo, AR Mutalib, F Bande, ... Microbial Pathogenesis 124, 136-144 , 2018 2018 Citations: 28
Virulence Gene Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Chickens and Chicken Products Z Zunita, H Latiffah, S Zawiyah, A Norazah, A Rohaya Mohd, ... Animals 12 (2), 97 , 2022 2022 Citations: 27
Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Benadir Region, Somalia MH Adam, JH Mohamoud, AS Mohamood, AA Mohamed, B Garba, ... Vaccines 10 (2), 220 , 2022 2022 Citations: 25