Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Plant Science
93
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
The Metabolic Screening in Wounded Scales of Hippeastrum × hybridum Hort. Bulbs Wiesław Wiczkowski, Lesław B. Lahuta, Dorota Szawara-Nowak, Karolina Stałanowska, Marian Saniewski, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025 The aim of this study was to determine changes in primary and secondary metabolites after four days of storage of mechanically wounded Hippeastrum × hybridum Hort. (amaryllis) bulbs. Mechanically wounded scales of amaryllis bulbs stored for four days change color from white to orange-red, which is the plant’s protective response to stress caused by damage. During this process, changes in the content of primary metabolites (carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids) and secondary metabolites (flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins) were analyzed. The resulting color of Hippeastrum scales is due to the presence of several pigmented phenolic compounds: flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. In particular, the increase in anthocyanin and luteolin content in stored scales probably affected the intensity of their color. The decrease in l-phenylalanine content in the Hippeastrum scales to trace levels indicates high intensity of phenolic compound biosynthesis. The increased content of 4-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids suggests that the lignification process also occurs. Moreover, the observed significant decrease in glucose, galactose, and sucrose levels indicates intense respiration processes and biosynthesis of various metabolites, which may contribute to counteracting wound-related stress. Mechanical wounding and storage of wounded Hippeastrum bulbs for several days may be a simple way to improve the quality of pharmaceutical products manufactured from these bulbs, but this requires further investigations.
Effects of 1-N-Naphthylphthalamic Acid on Root and Leaf Development of Muscari armeniacum and the Related Metabolic and Physiological Features Agnieszka Marasek-Ciołakowska, Aleksandra Machlańska, Wiesław Wiczkowski, Dorota Szawara-Nowak, Lesław B. Lahuta, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025 The effects of 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) applied as an aqueous solution on uncooled grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) bulbs were investigated, focusing on histological measurements and the determination of various metabolites in developing roots. M. armeniacum bulbs were kept for a defined number of days in distilled water (control) or aqueous NPA solutions, and then 2 cm sections of root tips were taken for histological measurements. Longitudinal and cross sections were taken in these root pieces, followed by measurements of their basic parts and microscopic images. Determinations of polar compounds by GC/MS and phenolic metabolites by HPLC/MS/MS were carried out in freeze-dried root samples. NPA inhibited the growth of the roots and caused swelling of their elongation parts, as well as changes in the dimensions of other parts of the roots and disruption of the gravitropic direction of their growth. However, NPA did not affect leaf growth and the amino acid, organic acid, and major carbohydrate content in the roots, but increased the level of unknown saccharides, probably oligofructans. The decrease in the contents of many phenolic compounds observed in our study under the influence of NPA may indicate that this could be one of the symptoms/causes of root growth disorders. In turn, the reduction in polyphenol levels may have been related to an increase in the number and length of root hairs.
Effect of Fluridone on Roots and Leaf Buds Development in Stem Cuttings of Salix babylonica (L.) ‘Tortuosa’ and Related Metabolic and Physiological Traits Wiesław Wiczkowski, Agnieszka Marasek-Ciołakowska, Dorota Szawara-Nowak, Wiesław Kaszubski, Justyna Góraj-Koniarska, et al. Molecules, 2024 The herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-trifluoromethyl (phenyl)]-4(1H)-pyridone) interferes with carotenoid biosynthesis in plants by inhibiting the conversion of phytoene to phytofluene. Fluridone also indirectly inhibits the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and strigolactones, and therefore, our study indirectly addresses the effect of reduced ABA on the roots and leaf buds development in stem cuttings of Salix babylonica L. ‘Tortuosa’. The stem cuttings were kept in distilled water (control) or in a solution of fluridone (10 mg/L) in natural greenhouse light and temperature conditions. During the experiments, morphological observations were carried out on developing roots and leaf buds, as well as their appearance and growth. After three weeks of continuous treatments, adventitious roots and leaf buds were collected and analysed. Identification and analysis of anthocyanins were carried out using micro-HPLC-MS/MS-TOF, while HPLC-MS/MS was used to analyse phenolic acids, flavonoids and salicinoids. The fluridone applied significantly inhibited root growth, but the number or density of roots was higher compared to the control. Contents of salicortin and salicin were several dozen times higher in leaf buds than in roots of willow. Fluridone increased the content of salicortin in roots and leaf buds and declined the level of salicin in buds. Fluridone also declined the content of most anthocyanins in roots but enhanced their content in buds, especially cyanidin glucoside, cyanidin galactoside and cyanidin rutinoside. Besides, fluridone markedly decreased the level of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaf buds. The results indicate that applied fluridone solution reduced root growth, caused bleaching of leaf buds, and markedly affected the content of secondary metabolites in the adventitious roots and leaf buds of S. babylonica stem cuttings. The paper presents and discusses in detail the significance of fluridone’s effects on physiological processes and secondary metabolism.
Exposure to Light of the Abaxial versus Adaxial Side of Detached Kalanchoë blossfeldiana Leaves Affects Anthocyanin Content and Composition Differently Wiesław Wiczkowski, Marian Saniewski, Agnieszka Marasek-Ciołakowska, Justyna Góraj-Koniarska, Joanna Mitrus, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024 The accumulation and composition of anthocyanins in leaves of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana, detached and kept for five days under natural light conditions, were investigated. The presence of fifteen derivatives of cyanidin, petunidin, and delphinidin was found. Changes in the content of each anthocyanin in the leaves before and after exposure to light on the abaxial (naturally upper) and adaxial (naturally lower) sides of the leaves were compared. When the adaxial side was exposed to light, the anthocyanin contents of the leaves did not change. In contrast, when the abaxial side of detached leaves was exposed to light, there was enhanced accumulation of delphinidin-rhamnoside-glucoside, cyanidin-rhamnoside-glucoside, cyanidin-glucoside-glucoside, and two unknown derivatives of petunidin and delphinidin. Application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) on the abaxial side exposed to light inhibited the accumulation of these anthocyanins. This effect could probably be due to the presence of these anthocyanins in the epidermal cells of K. blossfeldiana leaves and was visible in the microscopic view of its cross-section. These anthocyanins were directly exposed to JA-Me, leading to inhibition of their formation and/or accumulation. The lack of significant effects of JA-Me on anthocyanin mono- and tri-glycosides may indicate that they are mainly present in the mesophyll tissue of the leaf.
HISTOLOGICAL, HORMONAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSE TRIGGERED BY N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID-INDUCED STEM SWELLING IN Solidago canadensis L. Agnieszka Marasek-Ciołakowska, Michał Dziurka, Justyna Góraj-Koniarska, Urszula Kowalska, Joanna Szablińska-Piernik, et al. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 2024 The effect of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, 5.0%, w/w in lanolin) on the growth of Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) stem was studied, focusing on histological analyses, comprehensive analyses of phytohormones and polar metabolites. NPA substantially induced stem swelling at and above the application site and stimulated vascular cambium activity around the area of its application. The cambial zone in the swelling part of the stem was twice as wide as that treated with lanolin only (control). The proliferation of cambial cells increased xylem production and, consequently, vascular bundle thickness. A significant enlargement of parenchymatous pith cells and an increased diameter of the pith were also observed. Comprehensive phytohormone analyses revealed that NPA increased the content of indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-acetyl-aspartic acid in the swelling part of the stem, as well as trans-zeatin riboside. These results suggest that NPA-induced stem swelling depends on the dynamics of changes in aux-in and cytokinin metabolites. Furthermore, the contents of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) as well as malic, succinic, fumaric acids, cyclitols and quinic acid derivatives in-creased markedly in the swelling stem. This may indicate that the site of NPA-induced stem swell-ing is a physiological sink for polar metabolites needed for the growth of this tissue. Thus, it seems that auxins, in interaction with cytokinins, regulate the strength of the sink, controlling the transport of polar metabolites into the swelling part of S. canadensis stem.
Changes in the Carbohydrate Profile in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Seedlings Induced by Cold Stress and Dehydration Lesław B. Lahuta, Ryszard J. Górecki, Joanna Szablińska-Piernik, Marcin Horbowicz Metabolites, 2023 Plant species are sensitive to stresses, especially at the seedling stage, and they respond to these conditions by making metabolic changes to counteract the negative effects of this. The objectives of this study were to determine carbohydrate profile in particular organs (roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledons) of common buckwheat seedlings and to verify whether carbohydrate accumulation is similar or not in the organs in response to cold stress and dehydration. Roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledons of common buckwheat seedlings have various saccharide compositions. The highest concentrations of cyclitols, raffinose, and stachyose were found in the hypocotyl, indicating that they may be transported from cotyledons, although this needs further studies. Accumulation of raffinose and stachyose is a strong indicator of the response of all buckwheat organs to introduced cold stress. Besides, cold conditions reduced d-chiro-inositol content, but did not affect d-pinitol level. Enhanced accumulation of raffinose and stachyose were also a distinct response of all organs against dehydration at ambient temperature. The process causes also a large decrease in the content of d-pinitol in buckwheat hypocotyl, which may indicate its transformation to d-chiro-inositol whose content increased at that time. In general, the sucrose and its galactosides in hypocotyl tissues were subject to the highest changes to the applied cold and dehydration conditions compared to the cotyledons and roots. This may indicate tissue differences in the functioning of the protective system(s) against such threats.
Exogenously Applied Cyclitols and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Affect the Soluble Carbohydrate Profiles of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedling Lesław B. Lahuta, Joanna Szablińska-Piernik, Karolina Stałanowska, Marcin Horbowicz, Ryszard J. Górecki, et al. Plants, 2023 Cyclitols, such as myo-inositol and its isomers and methyl derivatives (i.e., d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol)), are classified as osmolytes and osmoprotectants and are significantly involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold. Moreover, d-pinitol demonstrates a synergistic effect with glutathione (GSH), increasing its antioxidant properties. However, the role of cyclitols in plant protection against stresses caused by metal nanoparticles is not yet known. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of myo-inositol, d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol on wheat germination, seedling growth and changes in the profile of soluble carbohydrates in response to biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles ((Bio)Ag NPs). It was found that cyclitols were absorbed by germinating grains and transported within the growing seedlings but this process was disrupted by (Bio)Ag NPs. Cyclitols applied alone induced sucrose and 1-kestose accumulation in seedlings slightly, while (Bio)Ag NP doubled the concentrations of both sugars. This coincided with a decrease in monosaccharides; i.e., fructose and glucose. Cyclitols and (Bio)Ag NPs present in the endosperm resulted in reductions in monosaccharides, maltose and maltotriose, with no effect on sucrose and 1-kestose. Similar changes occurred in seedlings developing from primed grains. Cyclitols that accumulated in grain and seedlings during grain priming with d-pinitol and glutathione did not prevent the phytotoxic effects of (Bio)Ag NPs.
THE CHANGES IN FATTY ACID PROFILE DURING SENESCENCE AND METHYL JASMONATE-INDUCED SENESCENCE OF Ginkgo biloba LEAVES Henryk Dębski, Joanna Mitrus, Justyna Góraj-Koniarska, Joanna Szablińska-Piernik, Marian Saniewski, et al. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 2023 The present study describes changes in fatty acid (FA) composition in Ginkgo biloba leaves subjected to senescence and to senescence induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Green leaves were treated with MeJA in lanoline on the abaxial or adaxial side of the leaf blades. After three weeks of treatment, leaf blades and petioles were collected separately for FA analyses. Additionally, petioles and leaf blades were sampled for analyses before the experiment and after 6 weeks when leaf senescence was occurring. Linolenic (C18:3) and palmitic (C16:0) acids appeared to be the quantitatively most abundant FA in leaf blades and petioles of G. biloba. Both leaf senescence and that induced by MeJA caused a decrease in unsaturated FA content, especially linolenic (C18:3). However, the decrease in C18:3 acid in both leaf blades and petioles was greater when MeJA was applied to the abaxial side than when it was applied to the adaxial side of leaves or during senescence. At the same time, saturated FA content increased, resulting in a significant decrease in the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated FA. Since leaf fatty acids occur mainly as components of cell membranes, changes in their composition may have a crucial effect on membrane function and stability, as pointed out in the discussion of the results.
Effects of glyphosate and fluazifop-P-butyl on flavonoids content and growth of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2018
Effect of methyl jasmonate vapors on level of anthocyanins, biogenic amines and decarboxylases activity in seedlings of chosen vegetable species Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 2014
The impact of short-term exposure to Pb and Cd on flavonoid composition and seedling growth of common buckwheat cultivars Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2013
Uptake of aluminium and basic elements, and accumulation of anthocyanins in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum moench) as a result increased level of aluminium in nutrient solution Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 2011
The effect of cis-jasmone, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate on accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum moench) Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2009
Methyl jasmonate inhibits anthocyanin synthesis in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2008
The effect of haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl on antioxidant enzyme activities and growth of wheat leaves (Triticum vulgare L.) Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2008
Exogenously applied D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol modifies the accumulation of α-D-galactosides in developing tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray) seeds Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2005
Effect of exogenous abscisic acid on accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl cyclitols in tiny vetch seeds (Vicia hirsuta [L.] S.F. Gray) Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2004