Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir
@unilorin.edu.ng
Associate Professor, Faculty of Clinical Sciences
University of Ilorin
EDUCATION
Bachelor of Medicine; Bachelor of Surgery (Bayero University Kano)
Fellowship, West African College of Physicians
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Infectious Diseases
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Dzifa Ahadzi, Amudalat Issa, Odalys Rivera Hernandez, Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Ernest Yorke, and Bamidele Tayo
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Amudalat Issa, Aisha Funmilayo Lawal, Mosunmola Rafiat Folorunsho, Mariam Abdulbaki, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, and Olugbenga Ayodeji Mokuolu
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Adebola Victoria Arinde
LookUs Bilisim A.S.
Akua Boakyewaa Konadu, Emmanuel U. Iwuozo, Gifty Sunkwa-Mills, Yekeen A. Ayoola, Ewura A. Manu, Sandra A. Hewlett, Florence Dedey, Mohammed B. Abdulkadir, and Olugbenga Ogedegbe
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Stroke is a major public health problem, with the disabilities of the patients increasing their risk of poor oral health. Currently, in Ghana and Nigeria, no guideline exists for oral health care in stroke patients, while most of our acute stroke care settings have no documented protocol. Aim This study sought to understand the perspectives of healthcare professionals in Ghana and Nigeria about oral healthcare in acute stroke patients. Methods A qualitative inductive approach was employed to explore healthcare professionals’ perspectives. After obtaining informed consent, in-depth interviews were conducted among doctors, nurses, and physiotherapists using semi-structured question guides. Participants’ responses were audiotaped for transcription and analysis. Interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed thematically to generate themes and sub-themes using an inductive approach. The results Twenty-five (25) health care professionals (HCP) aged 25–60 years with a mean age of 36.2 ± 4.2 years were interviewed. There were 15 (60.0%) males and 10 (40.0%) females. HCP included nurse practitioners 14 (56.0%), medical doctors 7 (28.0%), and physiotherapists 4 (16.0%). The HCP demonstrated adequate knowledge of stroke and considered oral health important for esthetic and clinical reasons. They, however, reported being unable to give it the required attention due to inadequate collaboration between the various professional cadres, insufficient equipment, and a skewed focus on other clinical needs of the acute stroke patients. Conclusions The findings indicate that HCPs perceived oral health care as very important among patients with acute stroke. However, they reported a lack of collaboration and integration of oral health care in routine stroke care as a major impediment.
Mohammed Abdulkadir, Alabi Kola, Oyeleke Oyeronke, N. AlabiAnthonia, Ademola Christy, R. YusufAdebayo and Obalowu Ismaila
Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic genetic disorder that has significant psychosocial consequences for both patients and their families. This study aimed to investigate family functioning and the psychosocial burden experienced by caregivers of children with SCD. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 170 caregivers of children with SCD, selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using both structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Family functioning was assessed using the Family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affectation, Resolve) while the psychosocial burden was evaluated using the Sickle Cell Disease Burden Instrument (SCDBI). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Results The mean age of the participants was 34.7 years, and 83% were female. The majority of caregivers reported a high level of family functioning. However, significant psychosocial burden was observed in areas such as finances, disruption of routine family activities, and the caregivers' coping abilities. The impact on family interactions was minimal. Conclusion Most caregivers in this study demonstrated good family functioning. Although caring for a child with sickle cell disease imposed a significant psychosocial burden, the negative impact on family interactions was minimal.
M. Abdulkadir, A.H. Ibrahim, and D.K. Sani
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Performance-based financing (PBF) is an innovative approach that can potentially optimize the demand for facility-based care and services. This study aimed to appraise the effects of PBF on healthcare services utilization in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design at three randomly selected PBF-benefiting Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs). Using mixed methods, structured checklists and key informant interviews (KIIs) were utilized for data collection across three PBF program periods: at the beginning (2013), at the end (2020) and two years post-intervention. Facility attendance was examined using a Poisson Regression Model at p<0.05 level of statistical significance.Results: Data from 25,025 facility users were analysed; most were females (72.0%), and aged 1-25 years (58.3%). Services utilized included out-patient care (33.3%), antenatal care (24.5%), postnatal care (15.4%). Facility attendance is statistically significant at the end of PBF intervention (Poisson regression coefficient [µ]= 1.2403, p=0.000) and two years post-intervention (µ=1.4564, p=0.000). The KII participants attributed the change to enhanced resources from the PBF project and reported that facilities are experiencing resource shortages and infrastructure issues that ultimately impact patient flow and service utilization; thus, they proposed the provision of additional human and material resources to address the challenges.Conclusion: The study finds evidence for the positive effects of PBF on healthcare service utilization intra-intervention but not two years post- intervention. Future research is needed to determine the mechanisms for sustaining PBF intervention gains and explore factors contributing to the decline in service utilization post-intervention.
Rasheedat Mobolaji Ibraheem, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Rasaki Aliu, Amudalat Issa, Olayinka Rashid Ibrahim, Abdulafeez Oyesola Bello, Fatima Ishaq Abubakar, Iso Precious Oloyede, Yetunde Toyin Olasinde, Datonye Christopher Briggs,et al.
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Background Despite the huge burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) among Nigerian children, the burden and outcome of respiratory illnesses remain undocumented. Thus, we aimed to describe the spectrum and outcome of respiratory illnesses among SCD childrenand adolescentadmissions in ten Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Method A retrospective review of the SCD admission records of children and adolescents with a confirmed diagnosis of respiratory illnesses from 2012 to 2021 in ten tertiary health facilities across five geopolitical zones in Nigeria was conducted. The data, collectedbetween March and June 2023, included the age, sex, diagnosis, complications, duration and outcome of hospitalization. Results Of the 72,333 paediatric admissions, 7,256 (10.0%) had SCD; the proportion of SCD from the total admission ranged from 2.1 to 16.3% in the facilities. Of the 7,256 children and adolescents with SCD, 1,213 (16.7%) had respiratory morbidities. Lower respiratory disease was the most common (70.0%) respiratory entity and the majority were pneumonia (40.1.0%), followed by acute chest syndrome (26.7%). Seventeen (1.4%) patients died; all had lower respiratory diseases [(acute chest syndrome ACS (11, 64.7%), pneumonia; 5, 29.4%, and asthma (1, 5.9%). Based on the proportion of deaths among overall SCD, the 17 death cases contributed 9.4% (95% CI 5.9 to 14.5). Factors associated with deaths included duration of hospitalization less than 72 hours and lower respiratory tract diseases. Conclusion Sickle cell disease is a major contributor to hospitalization among Nigerian children and adolescents, with high respiratory morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia and acute chest syndrome were associated with mortality, andthe highest risk of death within the first 72 hours.
Salihu Sheni Mohammed, Rasheedat Mobolaji Ibraheem, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Muhammed Akanbi Nurudeen Adeboye, Aishatu Ahmed Gobir, and Wahab Babatunde Rotimi Johnson
Paediatrica Indonesiana - Indonesian Pediatric Society
Background The presence of asthma in children may negatively impact their cognitive function, possibly due to intermittent hypoxia from repeated acute exacerbations, sleep deprivation, and school absenteeism. However, conflicting reports abound on cognitive performance among children with asthma.Objective To assess and compare the cognitive function of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study compared the cognitive performance scores of 66 children with asthma aged 6-17 years, and the corresponding scores of 66 healthy age- and gender-matched children without asthma. Data obtained included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical details. Cognitive function was assessed with the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) psychometric test.Results The male: female ratio was 1.3:1. The median RPM score of 50.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 25.0-75.0] in children with asthma was significantly higher than that of non-asthmatic children [32.5 (IQR 10.0-50.0)]; (P=0.016). A significantly higher proportion of asthmatic subjects (74.2%) were in the high grade RPM score category compared to the non-asthmatic children’s concomitant proportion (57.6%). Asthmatic subjects were twice as likely to belong to the high grade RPM score category than their non-asthmatic counterparts (OR=2.12; 95%CI 1.02 to 4.44; P=0.043). There was no significant association between RPM score grade and clinical severity of asthma in the subject population (P=0.554).Conclusion Children with asthma perform better in cognitive function assessment, using RPM test, compared to their non-asthmatic counterparts in Ilorin, Nigeria.
Olugbenga Ayodeji Mokuolu, George Oche Ambrose, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Selimat Ibrahim, Itiolu Ibilola Funsho, Toluwani Mokuolu, and Kateanah Akinmeji
Elsevier
George Oche Ambrose, Olugbenga Ayodeji Mokuolu, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Selimat Ibrahim, Itiolu Ibilola Funsho, Toluwani Mokuolu, and Lawal Lukman
Elsevier
Amudalat Issa, Yekeen Ayodele Ayoola, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Rasheed Olayinka Ibrahim, Tijani Idris Ahmad Oseni, Musa Abdullahi, Rasheedat Mobolaji Ibraheem, Aishat Funmi Lawal, Bolade Folasade Dele-ojo, Bilkis Iyabo Owolabi,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Hepatitis B vaccination is the most important preventive measure against Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. Vaccination against HBV infection among healthcare workers is important because of their daily exposure to patients’ body fluids and the possible risk of transmission to other patients. Hence, this study assessed the risk of hepatitis B infection, vaccination status and associated factors among healthcare workers in six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2021 using electronic data capture techniques to enroll 857 healthcare workers (HCWs) in regular contact with patients and their samples through a multi-stage sampling method. Results The participants’ mean (SD) age was 38.7 (8.0) years, and 453 (52.9%) were female. Each of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria had a fair representation, with a range of 15.3 to 17.7% of the study population. The majority (83.8%) of healthcare workers in Nigeria knew that they were at an increased risk of being infected by their work. Also, 72.2% knew that if infected, there was a high risk of liver cancer in later life. Many participants (642 [74.9%]) responded that they consistently applied standard precautions, such as hand washing, gloves, and face masks while attending to patients. Three hundred and sixty (42.0%) participants were fully vaccinated. Of the 857 respondents, 248 (28.9%) did not receive any dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. Factors that were associated with not being vaccinated included age less than 25 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.796, 95% CI 1.119 to 20.547, p = 0.035], being a nurse (AOR 2.346, 95% CI 1.446 to 3.808, p = 0.010), being a health attendant (AOR 9.225, 95% CI 4.532 to 18.778, p = 0.010), and being a healthcare worker from the Southeast (AOR 2.152, 95% CI 1.186 to 3.904, p = 0.012) in Nigeria. Conclusion This study showed a high level of awareness of the risks associated with hepatitis B infection and suboptimal uptake of the hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers in Nigeria.
Folake Moriliat Afolayan, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Bashirat Ayobola Olanipekun, Adedeji Nurudeen Lawal, Solomon Olubodunrin Ariyib, Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Harifarta Claphton Difirwiti, and Olugbenga Ayodeji Mokuolu
Sri Lanka Journals Online (JOL)
Olugbenga Ayodeji Mokuolu, Omotayo Oluwakemi Adesiyun, Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Habibat Dirisu Suberu, Selimat Ibrahim, Surajudeen Oyeleke Bello, Moboni Mokikan, Temitope Olorunshola Obasa, and Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir
Frontiers Media SA
IntroductionDespite the relatively higher neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries, there are limited data on the detailed analysis of the burden in Nigeria. With a database of over 14,000 admissions, this study presents a compelling picture of the current trends disaggregated by their gestational age groups. It provides unique opportunities for better-targeted interventions for further reducing newborn mortality in line with SDG 3, Target 3.2.MethodsThis prospective observational study involved newborn babies admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria, between January 2007 and December 2018. The outcome was the neonatal mortality rates. The exposure variables included birth weight, gestational age (preterm versus term), and clinical diagnosis. Frequencies were generated on tables and charts, and the trends or associations were determined.ResultsOf the 14,760 neonates admitted, 9,030 (61.2%) were term babies, 4,847 (32.8%) were preterm babies, and in 792 (5%) of the admissions, the gestational ages could not be determined. Males constituted a higher proportion with 55.9%, and the total number of deaths in the study period was 14.7%. The mortality ratio was highest among babies with a birth weight of less than 1,000 g (38.0%) and gestational age of less than 28 weeks (65.5%). The trend analysis showed that the mortality rate decreased from 17.8 to 13% over the 12 years, p-value &lt; 0.0001. For term babies, mortality decreased by 45%, from 15.7% in 2007 to 8.7% in 2018, while the decline in mortality for preterm babies was 28.4%, from 25.7% in 2007 to 18.4% in 2018. For both categories, p-values were &lt; 0.001. Regarding morbidity in term babies, asphyxia occurred in (1:3), jaundice (1:5), sepsis (1:6), and respiratory disorders (1:6) of admissions. For mortality, asphyxia occurred in (1:2), sepsis (1:5), jaundice (1:8), and respiratory disorders (1:10) of deaths. The leading causes of morbidity among preterm babies were asphyxia (1:4), sepsis (1:5), respiratory disorders (1:9), and jaundice (1.10). For mortality, their contributions were asphyxia (≈1:2); sepsis (1:5); respiratory disorders (1:9), and jaundice (1:10).ConclusionThere was a marked improvement in neonatal mortality trends. However, severe perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory disorders were the leading conditions contributing to 75% of the morbidities and mortalities. Measures to further accelerate the reduction in neonatal morbidity and mortality are discussed.
Folake Moriliat Afolayan, Olanrewaju Timothy Adedoyin, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Sikiru Abayomi Biliaminu, Olugbenga Ayodeji Mokuolu, and Ayodele Ojuawo
Paediatrica Indonesiana - Indonesian Pediatric Society

 
 
 Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underrecognized complication of severe malaria and an independent risk factor for mortality among children.
 Objective To determine the incidence and factors predictive of AKI as defined by the pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (pRIFLE) criteria in children with severe malaria and to assess in-hospital mortality rates in malarial AKI (MAKI).
 Methods This was a prospective cohort study in 170 children aged 0.5 to 14 years with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum on peripheral blood smears and clinical and/or laboratory features of severe malaria. Serum creatinine was determined using the Jaffe method and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Schwartz equation. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI as defined by the pRIFLE criteria. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality comparison between AKI and non-AKI groups, as well as factors predictive of AKI.
 Results The incidence of MAKI was 61.2% (104/170) and was comparable between males (66.7%) and females (70.6%). Mean eGFR was lower among children with AKI than those without [42.00 (SD 22) vs. 98.7 (SD 3.9) mL/min/1.73m2, respectively; P=0.005]. Children with MAKI were categorized as having risk (47/104; 45.2%), injury (33/104; 31.7%), or failure (24/104; 23.1%). Mortality rates in AKI and non-AKI subjects were comparable (4.8% vs. 4.6%; P=0.888). Predictors of MAKI were hemoglobinuria [adjusted OR (aOR) 3.948; 95%CI 1.138 to 8.030], deep acidotic breathing (aOR 2.991; 95%CI 3.549 to 66.898), and longer hospital stay (aOR 2.042; 95%CI 3.617 to 12.156). Children with MAKI were more likely to have a longer hospital stay by a mean of 2.5 days.
 Conclusion AKI is a common complication in children with severe malaria. MAKI has a low mortality rate comparable to those with severe malaria but without AKI. Hemoglobinuria, deep acidotic breathing, and longer hospital stay were predictive of MAKI.
Rasheedat Mobolaji Ibraheem, Bilkisu Ilah Garba, Rasaki Aliu, Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Afeez Oyesola Bello, Salihu Sheni Mohammed, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Rabiu Hashim, Lawal Magaji Ibrahim, and Grace Ahmed
Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Background: Lack of a timely receipt of vaccines can cause uncertain immune response and under-vaccination. Hence, timely vaccination is crucial to ensure an infant’s early protection. Objectives: To identify the age of presentation for the birth dose vaccines, vaccine antigens received and factors associated with vaccination presentation by day one in Northern Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 1 952 mother-infant pairs enrolled from 5 different states in Northern Nigeria. Data was collected using a questionnaire including the socio-demographic, antenatal care (ANC), delivery details, birth dates, vaccination presentation and birth vaccine antigens received. Data analysis was done with the SPSS-21 software. Findings: The median age of the infants at presentation for birth vaccines was six (interquartile range 2–16) days. A total of 413 (21.2%) infants were brought by the day of birth (day 0) or the next day (Day one), while one-fifth (20.6%) presented after Day 28. The most frequently received antigen was the Bacille-Calmette-Guerin by 1 781 infants (91.2%), oral polio vaccine 1 703 (87.2%), and hepatitis B vaccine birth dose the lowest at 75.1% (1 565). The commonest reasons for delayed presentations were an ill baby (24.7%) and an ill mother (21.9%). Factors associated with presentation within Day one post-birth were hospital delivery (OR–1.67, 95% CI; 1.28–2.19), firstborn (OR–1.40; 95%CI; 1.02–1.93), Christianity (OR–2.14 95% CI; 1.63–2.81), and mother with tertiary education (OR–1.62, 95% CI; 1.05–2.48). Conclusion: Timely administration of the birth dose vaccines is low in Northern Nigeria. Furthermore, some babies do not get the required vaccines despite presenting for vaccination due to stockout. Strategies for early neonatal vaccination such as vaccination in hospital suites post-delivery and utilizing relatives/fathers to take the baby for vaccination when a mother is indisposed are imperative.
Peter Oladapo Adeoye, Olushola Abdulrahman Afolabi, Habeeb Kayodele Omokanye, Ifedolapo Olaoye, Oluwaseun Rukeme Akanbi, Segun Segun-Busari, Olusola Abidemi Morohunfade Adesiyun, Olufemi Adebayo Ige, Abdulrazaq Olasunkanmi Akiode, Ololade Aderinola Wuraola,et al.
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Foreign body (FB) in the aerodigestive tract presents more commonly in children and remains a surgical emergency with potential for fatal complications.
 Objectives: To describe management and outcomes of aerodigestive FB managed at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) and proffer preventive measures.
 Methods: A 9-year retrospective review of all patients with foreign body in the aerodigestive tract managed between March 2011 and July 2020.
 Results: Sixty-six patients were studied. Median age was 9years with M:F ratio =1.6:1. FB was ingested in 38(57.6%) patients, aspiration occurred in 28(42.4%). Denture was most common FB 20(30.3%); plastic whistle/valve placed in dolls or football accounted for 4(6.1%). When ingested, FB was impacted in cervical 17(44.7%), upper thoracic 10(26.3%) and middle thoracic 2(5.3%) oesophagus. Oesophagoscopy was used in 30(8.9%) for retrieval. When aspirated, FB was located in the right bronchus 10(35.7%), left bronchus 7(25.0%), hypopharynx and trachea 2(7.1%) each, and cricopharynx 1(3.5%); no FB was found in 3(10.7%) patients. Direct Laryngoscopy was the method of retrieval in 3(10.1%) patients while others had rigid bronchoscopy. Mortality rate was 1.5%.
 Conclusion: Children are most vulnerable group. Preventive effort should include public health education and close monitoring of children by parents and care givers during play.
 Keywords: Foreign body; Aspiration; Ingestion; Aerodigestive tract; Impaction.
Rasheedat Mobolaji Ibraheem, Afeez Oyesola Bello, Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Bilkisu Ilah Garba, Rasaki Aliu, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Rabiu Hashim, Lawal Magaji Ibrahim, Salihu Sheni Mohammed, Amina Hannatu Sambo,et al.
Oxford University Press (OUP)
AbstractBackgroundRoutine vaccination, a cost-effective means of preventing deadly childhood disease, has a low coverage in Nigeria. The study assessed the willingness of mothers to receive reminder messages for routine vaccination appointments in Northern Nigeria.MethodsA multi-centre cross-sectional study involving at least 363 mother–infant pairs per centre from five states in Northern Nigeria. Data collected include the socio-demographic details, responses on parental phone ownership, mothers’ willingness to receive reminders for immunization appointments and the reminder type characteristics. Data analysis was done with SPSS.ResultsOf the 1952 mother–infant pairs, ownership of at least one household phone was 97.7%. In total, 1613 (82.6%) mothers were willing to receive reminders. A majority (62.2%) of mothers preferred phone calls. A day before the vaccination appointment was the preferred timing (78.1%), and the predominant communication language was the local language for each region.The odds of being willing to receive reminders were 3.1 times, 2.6 times and 1.8 times higher in those with no formal education, primary education and secondary education, respectively, compared with mothers with tertiary education, each p &lt; 0.05. Mothers who delivered at home were significantly less likely to want reminder messages (p = 0.03).ConclusionEight of 10 women in Northern Nigeria are willing to receive a reminder for their child. The predominant mode of reminder preferred is phone calls using the local language. Deployment of mobile phone reminders strategy in Northern Nigeria as a means to improve vaccination uptake is feasible. The institution of this strategy can be in collaboration with service providers.
Rasheedat Ibraheem, Moshood Akintola, Mohammed Abdulkadir, Hafsat Ameen, Oladimeji Bolarinwa, and Muhammed Adeboye
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Reminders via mobile devices deployed as short message services (SMS) or calls have been identified to be a useful strategy in improving routine immunization uptake in several countries.
 Objective: To identify the timeliness of appointments with reminders (calls or SMS), SMS health education and the routine care, and the vaccination completion rates in Ilorin, Nigeria.
 Method: Mother-infant pairs presenting for the first vaccination appointment were randomized into four (three inter- ventions, one control) groups, each consisting of 140 participants. Intervention groups were reminders via calls (A), SMS reminders (B), immunization fact SMS messages (C) and controls on usual care (D). Reminders were made a day before the appointment while SMS immunization facts were sent at five weeks, nine weeks and eight months. Appropriate timing was defined as the scheduled visit ±3 days.
 Results: The immunization completion rates after the nine months’ visit were 99.2%, 99.3%, 97% and 90.4% for Groups A, B, C and D respectively. Compared with controls, Group A had the highest odds [AOR 8.78 (6.10, 12.63)] of presenting at an appropriate time, followed by Group B [AOR 2.56 (1.96, 3.35)], then Group C [AOR 2.44 (1.87, 3.18)].
 Conclusion: Reminders/SMS immunization facts improve vaccination completion rates.
 Keywords: Call reminders; short message services (SMS) reminders; SMS immunization; vaccination timing; Nigeria.
Amudalat Issa, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Omotayo Olukemi Adesiyun, Bilkis Owolabi, Habibat Suberu, Kayode Olusegun Alabi, and Ruqayat Ronke Bakare
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a condition associated with multiple organ dysfunctions inclusive of cardiovascular dys- function. Neurologic predictors of survival have been studied, but little has been reported regarding cardiovascular signs and their role in determining outcome in asphyxia.
 Objective: The study aimed to determine the relationship between cardiovascular signs and outcomes in asphyxiated new- borns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.
 Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving asphyxiated new-born babies recruited within the first 24 hours of life. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy staging was done using Sarnat and Sarnat staging. All patients had a detailed cardi- ovascular examination on admission, after initial resuscitation (30 – 60 minutes) into admission, and were followed till final outcome: discharge or death.
 Results: Eighty-five asphyxiated new-borns with HIE were studied over seven months. Abnormal cardiovascular-related signs identified in the patients included respiratory distress (64.7%), small volume pulse (57.6%), hypotension (52.9%), hy- poxemia (48.2%) and shock (32.9%). Five babies died. None of the clinical signs had a significant relationship with mortality.
 Conclusion: Abnormal cardiovascular signs increased with the progression of HIE staging but had no relationship with mortality.
 Keywords: Cardiovascular signs; Neurological outcomes; Mortality; Perinatal asphyxia.
Amudalat Issa, Mohammed B. Abdulkadir, Omotayo O. Adesiyun, Bilkis Owolabi, Surajudeen O. Bello, and Ruqayat R. Bakare
Paediatric Association of Nigeria
Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a sensitive biomarker that is valuable in the management of childhood heart failure. Studies have reported racial differences in the level of BNP, especially in the adult population. The level of BNP in healthy Nigerian newborn babies is unknown. Hence, we determined the level of BNP in healthy term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborn babies. Methods: This was a cross sectional study,85 healthy term AGA newborn babies aged 24 to 72 hours. The babies had relevant demographic parameters documented in a proforma and BNP assay analysed using ELISA method. Results: The median IQR serum BNP level was 341.43 (313.39 to 425.45) pg/ml. The median level in females, was higher than males, {393.86 (296.97- 460.62) pg/ml vs328.05 (313.61-389.39) pg/ml, p >0.05}.There was no significant relationship between serum BNP and birth weight, chronological age, gestational age, or mode of delivery (p>0.05 in each case). Conclusion: The study demonstrated high BNP levels in healthy term Nigerian newborns. There was no relationship between BNP, the chronological age, birth weight, gender, gestational age or mode of delivery in babies between 24 to 72 hours of life.
Kayode Olusegun Alabi, Titilayo Funmilayo Kayode-Alabi, Rasheed Olayinka Ibrahim, Hamdalat Issa, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, Samuel Kolade Ernest, and Ayodele Isaac Ojuawo
Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
Introduction: Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of deaths with more than half due to coronary heart disease linked with the development of atherosclerosis. Hypertension (HTN) and obesity are leading risk factors for atherosclerotic CVDs, presence of which is predicted by microalbuminuria (MA). We wanted to evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria and risk factors for CVDs (obesity, overweight, pre-hypertension and hypertension) among secondary school students in Ilorin, North central Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study from December 2017 to March 2018 among secondary school students. We recruited 584 students, aged 10 to 18 years from 14 schools across the three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ilorin. We measured their blood pressure and anthropometrics following standard protocols and determined microalbuminuria in their early morning urine using Microalbumin 2-1 Combo strip and spot urinary albumin - creatinine ratio. Results: The prevalence of MA was 30.1%. MA was more common in obese and hypertensive adolescents (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively). Occurrence of MA correlated strongly with subject’s weight (r = 0.790, p = 0.004, p < 0.01); systolic blood pressure (r = 0.884, p = 0.001, p < 0.01) and body mass index (r = 0.710, p = 0.001, p < 0.01). Independent predictors of MA were obesity, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.9, (95% CI 1.124, 20.913), overweight (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.184, 10.174), older age (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.007, 1.219) and presence of systolic hypertension (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.903, 5.042). Conclusions: This study shows a high prevalence of MA among the adolescents. CVDs risk factors predictive of MA are overweight, obesity, systolic hypertension and older age.
Folake M. Afolayan, Olanrewaju T. Adedoyin, Mohammed B. Abdulkadir, Olayinka R. Ibrahim, Sikiru A. Biliaminu, Olugbenga A. Mokuolu, and Ayodele Ojuawo
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
Objectives: Serum creatinine levels are often used to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI), but may not necessarily accurately reflect changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of AKI in children with severe malaria using diagnostic criteria based on creatinine values in contrast to cystatin C. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed between June 2016 and May 2017 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. A total of 170 children aged 0.5–14 years old with severe malaria were included. Serum cystatin C levels were determined using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidmetric assay method, while creatinine levels were measured using the Jaffe reaction. Renal function assessed using cystatin C-derived estimated GFR (eGFR) was compared to that measured using three sets of criteria based on creatinine values including the Kidney Disease: Improved Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria as well as an absolute creatinine cut-off value of >1.5 mg/dL. Results: Mean serum cystatin C and creatinine levels were 1.77 ± 1.37 mg/L and 1.23 ± 1.80 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.002). According to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria, the frequency of AKI was 32.4%, 7.6% and 16.5%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence of AKI based on cystatin C-derived eGFR was 51.8%. Overall, the rate of detection of AKI was significantly higher using cystatin C compared to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria (P = 0.003, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Diagnostic criteria for AKI based on creatinine values may not indicate the actual burden of disease in children with severe malaria.
 Keywords: Biomarkers; Acute Kidney Injury; Renal Failure; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Cystatin C; Creatinine; Malaria; Nigeria.
Rasheedat Mobolaji Ibraheem, Jubril Adegboyega Aderemi, Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir, and Wahab Babatunde Rotimi Johnson
Elsevier BV
MohammedB Abdulkadir, SundayAdedeji Aderibigbe, RasheedahM Ibraheem, and Abayomi Fadeyi
Medknow
Context: Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children aged less than 5 years. Healthcare providers are responsible for implementing strategies for control of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Aims: To determine knowledge of healthcare providers regarding rotavirus gastroenteritis, its burden, management, and prevention. Materials and Methods: The study was a crosssectional descriptive survey of healthcare providers working in facilities caring for children. A selfadministered questionnaire was given to subjects containing questions on demographics and knowledge covering burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis, modes of transmission, age of occurrence, prevention, and rotavirus vaccines. Statistical analysis used: Data analysis was carried out with SPSS version 20. Results: Questionnaires were issued to 75 participants of which 65 (response rate = 86.7%) returned filled questionnaires. Majority (70.8%) of the subjects were females. Subjects included medical doctors (33.8%), nurses (32.3%), community health extension workers (27.7%), and laboratory scientists (4.6%). Most [39, 60.0%] subjects identified rotavirus as the commonest cause of diarrhea and only 21 (32.3%) indicated rotavirus contributed over 30% to the burden of diarrhea in these children. Fecooral route was recognized as a route of transmission by most subjects (95.4%) and 67.7% identified vaccination as a modality for prevention. Only six (9.2%) respondents could name any rotavirus vaccine. None of the demographic or occupational characteristics of the subjects was significantly related to awareness of effective rotavirus vaccines (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Healthcare providers were aware of rotavirus as a cause of gastroenteritis in underfive children but most had poor understanding regarding its burden, prevention, and existing vaccines.