I am a young researcher and educator working on applications of computer and machine vision in mechatronic systems using modern ICT such as microcomputers, cloud, computational intelligence, etc. My current focus is on the use of deep learning in practical applications for Industry 4.0 such as visual quality control. I am also involved in modelling and simulation of production processes in manufacturing. I have experience in leading research teams in domestic projects. I have been responsible for 2 projects of the Young Researchers Support Programme. I was in the position of deputy head of the KEGA project, which ended with an excellent evaluation and the societal benefit of its results was stated. Currently, I am also the deputy project leader of a KEGA project. In addition to my professional interests, I am also interested in multimedia, film, video, photography and 3D graphics.
EDUCATION
Third level of higher education (PhD.)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology STU in Bratislava [ 2013 – 2016 ]
study programme Mechatronic Systems
Second degree of higher education (Ing.)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology STU in Bratislava [ 2011 – 2013 ]
study programme Robotics
First degree of higher education (Bc.)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology STU in Bratislava [ 2008 – 2011 ]
study programme Industrial Informatics in the combination of the fields of study Automation and Applied Infrormatics
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial Intelligence, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Control and Systems Engineering
84
Scopus Publications
791
Scholar Citations
14
Scholar h-index
22
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Methodology and pilot implementation of modular educational-development platform for Interoperable Digital Twin Martin Pajpach, Rudolf Pribiš, Peter Drahoš, Erik Kučera, Oto Haffner Scientific Reports, 2025 The development of Industry 4.0, especially in the areas of interoperability and the design, implementation and use of digital twins (DT), has been enormous in recent years. This article discusses three key aspects that Industry 4.0 brings with it - virtualization through digital twins, interoperability based on the OPC UA standard, and the use of Industry 4.0's Components - combining assets of physical production line and their Asset Administration Shells (AAS). For development and education, a methodology for an Education and Development Platform (EDP) of Interoperable Digital Twins (I-DT) has been prepared, which conveniently combines these key attributes of Industry 4.0 into a single entity. According to the proposed methodology, the pilot implementation of platform was prepared and tested on industrial technologies. The I-DT platform uses open and affordable technologies, fulfils Industry 4.0 attributes such as interoperability, virtualization, reconfigurability and modularity.
Design and validation of a flexible framework for developing generic digital twins for Industry 4.0 Rudolf Pribiš, Peter Drahoš, Štefan Kozák, Lukáš Beňo, Erik Kučera, Oto Haffner, Martin Pajpach Scientific Reports, 2025 The paper presents an innovative methodology, development and implementation of a Digital Twin prototype based on a 5 Dimensional Digital Twin architecture combined with a Service-Oriented Architecture and the Industry 4.0 Component concept. The proposed implementation method separates the business logic (Digital Twin Brain), which enables the Digital Twin to perform its new capabilities, from the domain logic, which provides the specific functionalities of the Digital Twin. The specific functionalities are provided and implemented by the Asset Administration Shell Industry 4.0 Components available as stateless services, which allowed the creation of a base of shared technical functionalities among multiple Digital Twins. The methodology and architecture were validated using real data from an industrial packaging line, where the Digital Twin leverages machine learning-based algorithms to improve efficiency and reduce production downtime. The obtained results confirm the flexibility and scalability of the proposed architecture, which allows not only predictive maintenance but also seamless integration of additional domain functions. The proposed methodology contributes to the efficient deployment of Digital Twins in multidisciplinary environments and lays the foundation for a wide range of applications in the context of Industry 5.0.
The Use of Mixed Reality for Exposure Therapy to Improve Phobia Handling Dominik Janecký, Erik Kučera, Oto Haffner, Zuzana Košutzká, Pavol Martiš International Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 2025 Nearly everyone experiences some form of phobia-relevant fear—an excessive dread and inappropriate response to specific stimuli—at some point, either directly or indirectly, though not necessarily to the extent of a phobic disorder. This article presents a novel method for managing phobia-related fear using mixed reality (MR) application. Teaching phobia patients to recognize and manage their fear is crucial in therapy. Through MR, clients can experience scenarios linked to their phobia and see their responses. This training helps them cope better and allows for accurate fear assessment. The paper details creating the MR application “HoloPhoBye” for arachnophobia and ophidiophobia, compatible with Microsoft HoloLens 2. A study involving participants with these phobias assessed the effectiveness of exposure therapy through MR. Initial findings indicate a significant reduction in anxiety levels post-intervention, suggesting MR as a potent tool in phobia treatment. The design emphasizes gradual exposure, from less intimidating to more realistic encounters. Our research highlights MR’s potential to revolutionize traditional phobia management approaches.
What if LLM Doesn't Know Rastislav Tvarožek, Oto Haffner Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I, 2025 Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing, demonstrating impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks. However, there are instances where LLMs fall short, either due to outdated training data or the absence of domain-specific knowledge. This article explores the challenges and solutions when an LLM “doesn’t know” or lacks sufficient information to provide accurate responses. We discuss various strategies to address these gaps, including fine-tuning with additional datasets and integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). RAG, which combines the strengths of LLMs with external knowledge sources, stands out as a powerful solution, enabling real-time retrieval of relevant data during model inference. This hybrid approach ensures that LLMs can provide more up-to-date, contextually accurate, and domain-specific responses by leveraging external databases or knowledge systems. The article highlights the potential of RAG as a scalable, adaptable method for enhancing LLM performance in environments where generalistic models alone may be insufficient, offering practical guidelines for implementation and future research directions in this area.
Competency-Based Hybrid Learning: A Modern Approach to Teaching Programming and Digital Technologies Subjects Erik Kučera, Oto Haffner IEEE Access, 2025 The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the global education sector to experiment with various forms of online learning as institutions rapidly transitioned to remote formats. This article presents a comprehensive overview of a competency-based hybrid learning methodology, developed and implemented during the pandemic. In addition to detailing the methodology itself, the article also shares the experiences of educators at the authors’ institution, who observed significant improvements in educational outcomes, surpassing even pre-pandemic standards. The methodology highlights the limitations of directly replicating traditional in-person instruction in an online format using existing materials and approaches. Instead, it advocates for carefully designed adaptations tailored to the digital environment, leveraging asynchronous components, interactive tools, and newly created e-learning resources to optimize effectiveness. This approach also requires increased interaction between educators and students beyond scheduled classes, ensuring timely support and guidance. Although this methodology may not suit all course types, it has proven particularly effective in advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) and digital technology subjects, such as programming, artificial intelligence, digital or electronic marketing, video editing, 3D engine work, etc. The positive student feedback further underscores the potential of this model to enhance educational quality and outcomes in these domains.
Low-Cost Automated 3D Reconstruction Using Photogrammetry and Collaborative Robot Martin Michalovič, Oto Haffner, Erik Kučera Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I, 2025 This paper explores automated 3D object reconstruction using photogrammetry, focusing on the implementation of a collaborative robot as an affordable alternative to existing commercial solutions. In machine vision tasks like 3D object reconstruction, capturing images from multiple angles and perspectives is essential. A collaborative robot equipped with a camera as an end-effector facilitates this process by enabling precise and repeatable positioning of the camera to achieve the desired viewpoints.
Proposal for Petri Nets Utilisation in the Control of Mechatronic Systems with OPC UA Support Ondrej Kolimár, Kamil Kušnirák, Erik Erik Kučera, Oto Haffner Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I, 2025 This paper introduces a new approach for creating a Petri Net editor and simulator integrated with OPC UA (Unified Architecture) to enhance control of mechatronic systems. While Petri Nets are effective tools for modeling and analyzing discrete event systems, OPC UA provides a standardized communication protocol for industrial automation. However, current Petri Net tools often fall short in integrating smoothly with OPC UA, limiting their usability in mechatronic control applications. To bridge this gap, we propose a Python-based web editor and simulator that offers intuitive modeling features and direct interaction with OPC UA-enabled devices and systems.
Mystery of the Pixel: Educational Game on Basic of Computer Vision Oto Haffner, Eunika Farkašová, Michal Balla, Erik Kučera Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I, 2025 This paper presents the development and evaluation of an educational application designed to teach fundamental concepts of computer and machine vision. The game-based application, built using the Unity engine, was tested on 68 high school and university students to assess its effectiveness. Through interactive levels covering topics such as image processing, filters, and thresholding, students demonstrated a significant improvement in their understanding of the subject. The study revealed an increase in correct answers from a median of 6 to 10, indicating the potential of gamified learning in technical education. Additionally, students reported higher engagement and faster learning, suggesting that educational games can complement traditional teaching methods and boost motivation in STEM fields.
The Synergy of Man and Machine: The New Human-Centric Dimension of Digital Twin Michal Balla, Oto Haffner, Erik Kučera, Martin Pajpach Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I, 2025 This article discusses the evolution of digital twins (DTs), their classification and subdivision. A substantial part of the article focuses on the human-centric approach within Industry 5.0. The concept of Digital Twin has shifted from expensive physical replicas to virtual models that enable real-time monitoring, simulation and prediction. We are also introducing a new Industry 5.0 concept together with human-centric digital twin (HCDT). These new concepts takes human-technology collaboration to a new level through augmented reality and artificial intelligence, creating a harmonious collaboration between human creativity and technological precision. The paper analyzes the DT hierarchy and introduces a new 5D model for deeper synchronization with the physical environment, while reviewing studies focusing on DT applications in industry and beyond.
Evaluation of Motion-Capture Suit Data and Gesture Recognition Using LSTM and GRU Neural Networks Erik Kučera, Oto Haffner, Myroslava Shevska, Dominik Janecký Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I, 2025 New forms of human-machine interface (HMI) and human-robot interaction (HRI) are key challenges in information and communication technologies. This research explores gesturebased control using data from a motion-capture suit to enable interactions with mechatronic devices. The study achieved its objectives by designing, programming, and training two neural network models: LSTM (long short-term memory) and GRU (gated recurrent units). An application was developed for performance testing and visualization, utilizing data from the Rokoko Smartsuit Pro II. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of these neural networks and provided a detailed analysis of the technology used, showing strong potential for practical applications in HMI. The outcomes align with the trends in Industry 4.0 and the emerging human-centric Industry 5.0, where gesture control could enhance ergonomics in industrial and service workflows. The results will be useful in further research where this method may be directly applicable to mechatronic devices.
Exspiro-Mobile Application for Food Sustainability Martin Pajpach, Ľubos Sekerák, Erik Kučera, Oto Haffner, Rudolf Pribiš, Lukáš Beňo, Dominik Janecký Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Modelling Simulation and Intelligent Computing Mosicom 2023, 2023
Trends in industrial communication and OPC UA Peter Drahos, Erik Kucera, Oto Haffner, Ivan Klimo Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I 2018, 2018
Multimedia support for education of mechatronics Oto Haffner, Erik Kucera, Danica Rosinova, Alena Kozakova, Peter Drahos, Michal Kocur Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics K and I 2018, 2018
Design and validation of a flexible framework for developing generic digital twins for Industry 4.0 R Pribiš, P Drahoš, Š Kozák, L Beňo, E Kučera, O Haffner, M Pajpach Scientific Reports 15 (1), 44495 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
A Flexible Framework for Developing Generic Digital Twins for Industry 4.0: Design and Validation R Pribiš, P Drahoš, Š Kozák, L Beňo, E Kučera, O Haffner, M Pajpach 2025
Methodology and pilot implementation of modular educational-development platform for Interoperable Digital Twin M Pajpach, R Pribiš, P Drahoš, E Kučera, O Haffner Scientific Reports 15 (1), 28020 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Gesture Recognition for Mechatronic System Control Using Motion-Capture Suit Rokoko SmartSuit Pro II O Haffner, E Kučera, L Beňo, A Melekhova, M Pajpach, D Janecký 2025 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD), 1-6 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Virtual Reality in Industrial Training: A Case Study on Distillery Operator Education D Janecký, E Kučera, O Haffner, A Móricz, LŠ Beňo, M Pajpach 2025 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD), 1-6 , 2025 2025
Control of Warehouse System Model Using PLC and Multiplatform Mobile Application: Educational Case Study for IT and Automation Convergence E Kučera, O Haffner, L Beňo, D Pavlovič, D Janecký, M Pajpach 2025 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD), 1-6 , 2025 2025
The Use of Mixed Reality for Exposure Therapy to Improve Phobia Handling D Janecký, E Kučera, O Haffner, Z Košutzká, P Martiš International Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 18 (2), 201-240 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Automatic reporting of energetic data Ľ Galandák, Z Szitás, E Kučera, O Haffner Proceedings of ELITECH 25 (27th) , 2025 2025
Architecture of OPC UA Compatible Controller for Mechatronic Systems using Petri Nets in Python O Kolimár, E Kučera, K Kušnirák, O Haffner Proceedings of ELITECH 25 (27th) , 2025 2025
Proposal of Generative 3D Identifier Framework for Enhanced Mixed Reality Applications in Logistics K Kušnirák, O Kolimár, O Haffner, E Kučera Proceedings of ELITECH 25 (27th) , 2025 2025
Competency-based hybrid learning: A modern approach to teaching programming and digital technologies subjects E Kučera, O Haffner IEEE Access , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
Proposal for Implementation of Software-Generated 3D Identifiers in Logistics K Kušnirák, O Kolimár, E Kučera, O Haffner 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025
The Synergy of Man and Machine: The New Human-Centric Dimension of Digital Twin M Balla, O Haffner, E Kučera, M Pajpach 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
What If LLM Doesn’t Know R Tvarožek, O Haffner 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Asset Administration Shell–Key-enabling technology of interoperability in Industry 4.0 M Pajpach, M Šlauka, R Pribiš, P Drahoš, E Kučera, O Haffner 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Development of an Interactive VR Application Using Unity: Its Impact on Learning and Performance D Janecký, E Kučera, O Haffner, L Hricková 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025
Evaluation of Motion-Capture Suit Data and Gesture Recognition Using LSTM and GRU Neural Networks E Kučera, O Haffner, M Shevska, D Janecký 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Low-Cost Automated 3D Reconstruction Using Photogrammetry and Collaborative Robot M Michalovič, O Haffner, E Kučera 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Mystery of the Pixel: Educational Game on Basic of Computer Vision O Haffner, E Farkašová, M Balla, E Kučera 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025
Proposal for Petri Nets Utilisation in the Control of Mechatronic Systems with OPC UA Support O Kolimár, K Kušnirák, EE Kučera, O Haffner 2025 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-6 , 2025 2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Trends in industrial communication and OPC UA P Drahoš, E Kučera, O Haffner, I Klimo 2018 cybernetics & informatics (K&I), 1-5 , 2018 2018 Citations: 129
Educational case studies: creating a digital twin of the production line in TIA portal, unity, and game4automation framework M Balla, O Haffner, E Kučera, J Cigánek Sensors 23 (10), 4977 , 2023 2023 Citations: 71
Using augmented reality and internet of things for control and monitoring of mechatronic devices E Stark, E Kučera, O Haffner, P Drahoš, R Leskovský Electronics 9 (8), 1272 , 2020 2020 Citations: 45
Interactive and virtual/mixed reality applications for mechatronics education developed in unity engine E Kucera, O Haffner, R Leskovský 2018 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-5 , 2018 2018 Citations: 41
Low-cost education kit for teaching basic skills for industry 4.0 using deep-learning in quality control tasks M Pajpach, O Haffner, E Kučera, P Drahoš Electronics 11 (2), 230 , 2022 2022 Citations: 39
Low-cost method for 3D body measurement based on photogrammetry using smartphone E Stark, O Haffner, E Kučera Electronics 11 (7), 1048 , 2022 2022 Citations: 36
Proposal of digital twin platform based on 3d rendering and iiot principles using virtual/augmented reality R Leskovský, E Kučera, O Haffner, D Rosinová 2020 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-8 , 2020 2020 Citations: 36
Applications of machine learning and computer vision in Industry 4.0 O Haffner, E Kučera, D Rosinová Applied Sciences 14 (6), 2431 , 2024 2024 Citations: 25
New software tool for modeling and control of discrete-event and hybrid systems using timed interpreted Petri nets E Kučera, O Haffner, P Drahoš, J Cigánek, R Leskovský, J Štefanovič Applied sciences 10 (15), 5027 , 2020 2020 Citations: 21
Control and monitoring of IoT devices using mixed reality developed by unity engine S Bucsai, E Kučera, O Haffner, P Drahoš 2020 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-8 , 2020 2020 Citations: 20
Connection between 3D engine unity and microcontroller arduino: A virtual smart house E Kučera, O Haffner, Š Kozák 2018 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-8 , 2018 2018 Citations: 19
Competency-based hybrid learning: A modern approach to teaching programming and digital technologies subjects E Kučera, O Haffner IEEE Access , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
Lemna minor Bioassay Evaluation Using Computer Image Analysis O Haffner, E Kučera, P Drahoš, J Cigánek, A Kozáková, B Urminská Water 12 (8), 2207 , 2020 2020 Citations: 15
Educational case studies for pilot engineer 4.0 Programme: monitoring and control of discrete-event systems using OPC UA and cloud applications E Kučera, O Haffner, P Drahoš, J Cigánek Applied Sciences 12 (17), 8802 , 2022 2022 Citations: 14
A contribution to workplace ergonomics evaluation using multimedia tools and virtual reality R Leskovský, E Kučera, O Haffner, J Matišák, D Rosinová, E Stark 2019 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems … , 2019 2019 Citations: 14
Measure distance between camera and object using camera sensor F Valocký, P Drahoš, O Haffner 2020 Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I), 1-4 , 2020 2020 Citations: 13
Emerging technologies for Industry 4.0: OPC unified architecture and virtual/mixed reality E Kučera, O Haffner, P Drahoš, Š Kozák Páleník T, Štefanič J. AIFICT, 57-62 , 2018 2018 Citations: 12
Proposal of system for automatic weld evaluation O Haffner, E Kučera, Š Kozák, E Stark 2017 21st International Conference on Process Control (PC), 440-445 , 2017 2017 Citations: 12
Making a map for mobile robot using laser rangefinder O Haffner, F Duchoň 2014 23rd International Conference on Robotics in Alpe-Adria-Danube Region … , 2014 2014 Citations: 12
PetriNet Editor+ PetriNet Engine: New software tool for modelling and control of discrete event systems using Petri nets and code generation E Kučera, O Haffner, P Drahoš, R Leskovský, J Cigánek Applied Sciences 10 (21), 7662 , 2020 2020 Citations: 11
RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)
Utility models registered:
PUV 148-2021: Method of controlling the vehicle's steering posture and wiring
PUV 156-2020: Handler safety system
PUV 200-2019: Method of monitoring and controlling mechatronic systems using augmented reality and technology assembly
PUV 153-2019 Method for correcting the centre of gravity of a car and wiring
PUV 86-2018: Vehicle remote control method and system
PUV 145-2017: System for visual assessment of Lemna minor growth inhibition in ecotoxicity tests
PUV 129-2017: System for remote automatic quality control of draft beer
PUV 105-2017: System for automatic visual inspection of welds
PUV 68-2017: System integration for control of hybrid systems via microcontrollers with nested logic petri nets
PUV 67-2017: Wiring of system for control of hybrid systems via microcontroller and computer with nested logic Petri nets
PUV 5023-2015: System to protect the driver's vision from being blinded by oncoming vehicles
PUV 5050-2013: Process for creating a wood imitation surface
Patents pending:
P 99-2022: Method for localisation of an autonomous vehicle and integration of a visual system for localisation of an autonomous vehicle
PP 158-2019: Method for monitoring and operating mechatronic systems using augmented reality and technology assembly
Utility models pending:
PUV 127-2022: Method for localisation