General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Political Science and International Relations, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
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Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
The Search for a Fair System of Greenhouse Gas Emission Quota Distribution: a Multicomponent Heterogeneous Model Pavel Sevost'yanov, Valentin Shunkov International Organisations Research Journal, 2024 Emissions trading systems are essential for combating climate change and the energy transition because they create incentives to limit and control emissions. However, there is also a perception that taxing pollutants is a more effective way to limit emissions than setting caps on pollution. This creates an ambiguity in which taxation predicts the cost of collective action but not the volume of emissions. Caps, on the other hand, make pollution quantifiable but not its cost. Emissions trading systems, which set a ceiling on pollutants but allow companies to set a price on the market by trading allowances within the cap, provide an alternative to this ambiguity. However, the issue of equitable allocation of allowances to developing countries and the most vulnerable countries remains. The importance of allowances is directly related to political stability, as governments implement measures and instruments to regulate greenhouse gas trade, including incentives, financial incentives and accountability. In general, emission quotas are no less a political task than an economic one, since the fight against global warming is a global public good and does not fit into standard market mechanisms. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for distributing quotas for private mathematical calculations that takes into account country variables and allows, based on the level of industrial development, calculation of quotas, as well as the environmental friendliness of production factors. The methodology is presented by mathematical modeling methods through the creation of an equilibrium model for calculating the distribution of emission quotas. As a result of the study, the authors developed a multicomponent heterogeneous equilibrium model for calculating the distribution of greenhouse gas emission quotas, taking into account not only the volume of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) but also the volume of GDP per capita, which prevents excessive underquoting of developing countries, as well as separately regulating the quota system for the poorest countries.
CLIMATE, NUCLEAR WEAPONS CONTROL AND CYBER THREATS: THREE PROBLEMS OR ONE? P.I. Sevostyanov, V.I. Mizin Polis Political Studies, 2024 The article analyzes a set of problems related to the mutual influence of three global challenges ofour time, which will determine the configuration of modern society in the medium and long term: climate change, nuclear arms control and cyber threats. The study reveals the role of each of the components and the prospects for their transformation for Russia, the United States and European states. Priority scenarios of state policy within the framework of nuclear deterrence and information security are substantiated. The experience of recent decades reveals that the rejection of security treaties, as a rule, weakens the security of States, rather than strengthens it. Thus, in the course of the study, strategic objectives, the content side and policy options of the Russian Federation in the current international situation were considered, conclusions were drawn regarding the optimality of the chosen strategies for interaction with European partners in the field of arms control, the climate agenda and cyber threats. The authors conclude that it is necessary to create a new generation security architecture through informal consultations on strategic stability, which determine the negotiation plan to be discussed at official negotiations between Russia and the United States. In addition, the authors prove that in the foreseeable future, climate change will have a negative impact on the activities of armies and increase the frequency of their deployment in crisis situations. For this reason, competitive advantages in the defense sector will be determined by the ability of the command to adapt to climate change,reduce damage to military infrastructure and minimise the risks of resource losses due to natural disasters and extreme weather conditions.
