Departement of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz university of medical sciences Departement of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz university of medical sciences
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies, Antioxidant Effects, and Enzyme Inhibition of 3-Aryl-4-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-2H-Pyran-2-One Derivatives as Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibitors Somaye Karimian, Donya Mazheri, Somaye Pirhadi, Maryam Shahriyari, Mohammadbagher Bahmani, et al. Chemistryselect, 2025 In this study, thirteen derivatives of 3‐aryl‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2 H ‐pyran‐2‐one ( 3a–3m ) were rationally designed and synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. All synthesized structures were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, ESI–MS, IR, and elemental analysis. In the next step, it was found that compounds ( 3i ) and ( 3j ) exhibit the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activities, with IC 50 values of 1.56 ± 0.21 and 1.82 ± 0.11 µM, respectively, and significantly outperform the reference inhibitor, kojic acid (IC 50 = 9.3 ± 1.27 µM). Antioxidant evaluation using the DPPH assay revealed weak radical scavenging activities (22.97%–36.47%) of all derivatives, suggesting that their inhibitory action is likely unrelated to antioxidant properties. Kinetic studies indicated that compound ( 3i ) acts as a mixed‐type inhibitor with an inhibition constant ( K i ) of 2.2 µM. Molecular docking studies demonstrated favorable binding interactions of compounds ( 3i ) and ( 3j ) within the tyrosinase active site, involving coordination with copper ions and hydrogen bonding with key residues. These findings were further validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which confirmed the structural stability of the 3i ‐tyrosinase complex over a 100 ns simulation period. Overall, compounds ( 3i ) and ( 3j ) represent promising leads for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors for potential use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industry applications.
Synthesis, design, biological evaluation, and computational analysis of some novel uracil-azole derivatives as cytotoxic agents Leila Emami, Fateme Zare, Soghra Khabnadideh, Zahra Rezaei, Zahra Sabahi, et al. BMC Chemistry, 2024 The design and synthesis of novel cytotoxic agents is still an interesting topic for medicinal chemistry researchers due to the unwanted side effects of anticancer drugs. In this study, a novel series of uracil–azole hybrids were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activity, along with computational studies: molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, density functional theory, and ADME properties were also, evaluated. The compounds were synthesized by using 3-methyl-6-chlorouracil as the starting material. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assay in the breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG-2). These derivatives demonstrated powerful inhibitory activity against breast and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in comparison to Cisplatin as positive control. Among these compounds, 4j displayed the best selectivity profile and good activity with IC50 values of 16.18 ± 1.02 and 7.56 ± 5.28 µM against MCF-7 and HEPG-2 cell lines respectively. Structure–activity relationships revealed that the variation in the cytotoxic potency of the synthesized compounds was affected by various substitutions of benzyl moiety. The docking output showed that 4j bind well in the active site of EGFR and formed a stable complex with the EGFR protein. DFT was used to investigate the reactivity descriptors of 4a and 4j. The outputs demonstrated that these uracil–azole hybrids can be considered as potential cytotoxic agents.
New 3-Hydroxypyridine-4-one Analogues: Their Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, Molecular Docking, and In Silico ADME Prediction Sara Sadeghian, Fateme Zare, Lotfollah Saghaie, Afshin Fassihi, Pooria Zare, et al. Medicinal Chemistry, 2024 Introduction: Drug resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs has become a serious threat to human health, which highlights the need to develop new antimicrobial agents. Methods: In this study, a new set of 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one derivatives (6a-j) was synthesized, and the antimicrobial effects of these derivatives were evaluated against a variety of microorganisms using the microdilution method. The antimicrobial evaluation indicated that compound 6c, with an electron-donating group -OCH3 at the meta position of the phenyl ring, was the most active compound against S. aureus and E. coli species with an MIC value of 32 μg/mL. Compound 6c was more potent than ampicillin as a reference drug. Results: The in vitro antifungal results showed that the studied derivatives had moderate effects (MIC = 128-512 μg/mL) against C. albicans and A. niger species. The molecular modeling studies revealed the possible mechanism and suitable interactions of these derivatives with the target protein. Conclusion: The obtained biological results offer valuable insights into the design of more effective antimicrobial agents.