Premnath Dhanaraj
@karunya.edu
Assistant Professor
Karunya Institute of Technology and Science
Dr Premnath D has born and completed secondary and higher secondary school from the south tamilnadu town of sattur, He has graduated from Bachelor in Pharmacy from (govt) Medical University Chennai, Master of Technology in Bioinformatics program at SASTRA University Thanjavur INDIA 2007. Postdoctoral from the University of Manitoba CANADA, currently working as an at Karunya University Coimbatore India in Bioinformatics program he work at the Institute of Bioinformatics. Fourteen years of experience as an for the Institute of Bioinformatics keeps my experience in the application of computation in many fields. he also conducted project supervision for (B.Tech., M.Tech, M.Pharm) students in those research areas. He achieved teaching experience also as a visiting lecturer in some universities in India and carry out government-funded projects. Besides my main responsibility, He also accomplished some research independently or in a team mainly in the comp
EDUCATION
B.Pharmacy, M.Tech,PhD
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Medicinal Chemistry ,Medical Physiology
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
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Scopus Publications
Shanmugasundaram Shanjitha, Dhanaraj Premnath, Kumaresan Suvarnna, and Suyambulingam Jone Kirubavathy
Wiley
A new crystalline dinuclear Cu(I)/(II) complex (E.F: C32H28Cu2N6O14) (1) of terephthalic acid (TERE) and 1, 10‐Phenathroline (PHEN) was synthesized under one‐pot approach. Structure identification of the complex was carried out using the single crystal XRD technique, which revealed the penta coordination nature of Cu(I)/(II) in a square pyramidal environment. Further, the structural data was supported by employing other spectroscopic studies (UV, ESR, FT‐IR). In addition, the thermal stability and morphology of the complex were elucidated using TGA and SEM‐EDAX analysis. Photoluminescence experiments revealed the capability of 1 to act as a “turn‐off” sensor towards Zn2+ sensing. This luminescence quenching of 1 exhibited a threefold quenching in intensity by achieving a static quenching process corresponding to a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.7 μM. Further, considering the electroactive nature of Cu(I)/(II) complex, the cyclic voltammetric experiments were performed to study its competence to act as a modifier of GCE for the detection of glucose and its excellent potency to act as an effective electroactive material in the detection of glucose solutions. Also, molecular docking of 1 with human bovine serum (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated to prove their ability to act as pharmacological agents.
S. Anitha, S. Nandhini, D. Premnath, and M. Indiraleka
World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) is a common form of breast cancer that begins in milk-producing glands lobules and spreads to other parts of the breast. According to the American Cancer Society, about 10–15% of breast cancer cases are ILC. ILC risk rises with age. The number of deaths caused by this cancer each year can be decreased through early diagnosis and if accurate therapy is given. However, diagnosis of ILC is difficult due to its development pattern as it grows as single file strands and not as lumps. Treatments of ILC involve chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiation therapy. Drugs that are being used for ILC, are commonly used to treat all types of breast cancer and there are no specific drugs that target receptors of ILC are available. Microarray technology’s emergence helps in finding the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in malignant cells. From the DEGs, highly interacting genes were identified using the online tool, string. Seven key genes were identified based on the interaction and they are FN1, CDKN2A, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL11A1, LEF1 and IL1B. Thus, the drugs targeting these biomarkers were identified by doing molecular docking using the tool Autodock and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation using the tool iMODs. The response of the identified drugs to the ILC cell line was compared with the control drugs by in silico pharmacogenomic analysis and it was found that the identified drugs have a good response to the ILC cell line.
Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Natarajan Arumugam, Saied M. Soliman, E. Viswanathan, Necmi Dege, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Dhanaraj Premnath, Jyothi Kumari, Dharmarajan Sriram, and Karthikeyan Perumal
Elsevier BV
Arul Jayanthi Antonisamy, Karthikeyan Rajendran, and Premnath Dhanaraj
Informa UK Limited
Oral cancer is a widespread health concern in rural India due to a lack of awareness, delayed diagnosis and limited access to affordable treatment options. The current chemotherapy has notable side effects, underscoring the need for new drug candidates with improved bioavailability and specificity. In this current research, fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide, was extracted from the brown algae Spatoglossum asperum, and shown to be cytotoxic in vitro against oral cancer cells (KB cell line) at an IC50 of 107.76 µg/ml, suggesting its potential as a drug candidate. This study further aimed to explore the potential therapeutic implications of fucoidan in managing oral cancer using network pharmacology. PharmMapper, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and SuperPred were initially used to identify fucoidan protein targets. The identified targets were further screened against Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE23558, GSE25099 and GSE146483), OMIM, TCGA and GeneCards datasets to identify oral cancer-specific protein targets. The interactions between the selected proteins were visualised using STRING and Cytoscape. Subsequently, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of candidate targets. The cancer-related network was assessed using CancerGeneNet, while life expectancy based on the expression of the top 10 CytoHubba ranked hub genes was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots. Finally, EGFR, AKT1, HSP90AA1 and SRC were selected for docking and molecular dynamics simulation with fucoidan, using Maestro and GROMACS, respectively.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Natarajan Arumugam, Khloud Ibrahim Al-Shemaimari, Mohammad Altaf, Karuppiah Ponmurugan, Dhanaraj Premnath, Sinouvassane Djearamane, Ling Shing Wong, and Saminathan Kayarohanam
Elsevier BV
Mosae Selvakumar Paulraj, Suresh Eringathodi, A. K. M. Moniruzzaman Mollah, Christine Thevamirtha Alexis Thayaparan, Sweety Angela Kuldeep, Palani Sivagnana Subramanian, Indiraleka M, and Premnath Dhanaraj
Informa UK Limited
The novel synthetic amino acid-like zwitterion containing imine bond ionic compound 2-[(E)-(2-carboxy benzylidene) amino] ethan ammonium salt, C10H12N2O2, was synthesized. Computational functional characterization is now being used to predict novel compounds. Here, we report on a titled combination that has been crystallizing in orthorhombic space group Pcc2 with Z = 4. The zwitterions form centrosymmetric dimers to polymeric supramolecular network via intermolecular N-H… O hydrogen bonds between the carboxylate groups and ammonium ion. The components are linked by ionic (N+-H-O-) and hydrogen bonds (N+-H-O), forming a complex three-dimensional supramolecular network. Further, molecular computational docking characterization study was performed with compound against multi-disease drug target biomolecule of anticancer target molecule of HDAC8 (PDB ID 1T69) receptor and antiviral molecular target protease (PDB ID 6LU7) to evaluate the interaction stability, conformational changes and to get insights into the natural dynamics on different timescales in solution. HighlightsThe novel zwitter ionic amino acid compound 2-[(E)-(2-carboxybenzylidene) amino] ethan ammonium salt, C10H12N2O2.The crystal structure determined for this compound illustrates the presence of intermolecular ionic N+-H-O- and N+-H-O hydrogen bonds between the carboxylate groups and ammonium ion, which influence the formation of a complex three-dimensional supramolecular polymeric network.Molecular docking studies helps to understand the conformational stability and interaction stabilityThe novel molecule can be considered for anticancer treatment.
Venugopalsamy J. Tamilpriyai, Palaniyappan Nagarasu, Karnan Singaravelu Dharshini, Premnath Dhanaraj, Anbazhagan Veerappan, Dohyun Moon, Savarimuthu Philip Anthony, and Vedichi Madhu
Elsevier BV
Rajesh Raju, Suresh Mani, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Dhanaraj Premnath, and Karthikeyan Perumal
Wiley
AbstractA stereo‐, regio‐ and chemoselective synthesis of a series of structurally diverse novel oxobenzothiophene embedded spirooxindolopyrrolidine/pyrrolizidine hybrid heterocycles were achieved in excellent yields by multicomponent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction process. The 1,3‐dipole component employed was generated in situ from isatin and N‐methylglycine/L‐proline while the dipolarophile, ethyl 2‐(3‐oxobenzo[b]thiophen‐2(3H)‐ylidene)acetate was prepared from thiophenol in two good yielding steps. The formation of spiroheterocyclic hybrids occurred through the formation of two C=C and one C−N bonds in a single synthetic transformation. The compounds formed consists of three adjacent stereocenters, out of which two are spirocarbons. The synthesized spiro compounds were assayed for their AChE/BChE inhibitory activity and most of the spirocompounds showed promising cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among them, spiropyrrolidine that substituted with chlorine atom on the oxindole ring displayed significant activity (4.16±0.09 μM) with respect to standard drug, galantamine (2.09±0.11 μM). Molecular modelling simulation was explored for the most potent compound that revealed interesting binding templates to the active site of enzyme.
Govindaraj Sri Varalakshmi, Charansingh Pawar, Rajakar Selvam, Wrenit Gem Pearl, Varnitha Manikantan, Archana Sumohan Pillai, Aleyamma Alexander, N. Rajendra Prasad, Israel V.M.V. Enoch, and Premnath Dhanaraj
Elsevier BV
Shatha Ibrahim Alaqeel, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Rashid Ayub, Dhanaraj Premnath, and Karthikeyan Perumal
Elsevier BV
Shanmugasundaram Shanjitha, Kumaresan Suvarnna, John Zothanzama, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Dhanaraj Premnath, and Suyambulingam Jone Kirubavathy
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Shatha Ibrahim Alaqeel, Natarajan Arumugam, Vijayan Viswanathan, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Ramanathan Padmanaban, Santhakumar Yeswanthkumar, Dhanaraj Premnath, Karuppiah Ponmurugan, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi,et al.
Elsevier BV
Palaniyappan Nagarasu, Parthasarathy Gayathri, Sundaramoorthy Niranjana Sri, Nagarajan Saisubramanian, Premnath Dhanaraj, Dohyun Moon, Savarimuthu Philip Anthony, and Vedichi Madhu
Elsevier BV
Houwei Ren, Premnath Dhanaraj, Israel V.M.V. Enoch, Mosae Selvakumar Paulraj, and Indiraleka M.
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Objectives: The aim of the present study is to carry out a simple synthesis of aminoantipyrine analogues and exploration of their antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anticonvulsant potential. Methods: The compounds were characterized employing multi-spectroscopic methods. The in vitro pharmacological response of a series of bacteria were screened employing serial dilution method. The derivatives were screened against maximal electro-shock for their anticonvulsant activity. Molecular docking was carried out to optimize the interaction of the compounds with HPV16-E7 receptors. Further, the in vitro cytotoxicity was tested against human cervical cancer (SiHa) cell lines. Results: The compounds show protection against maximal electroshock, esp. 3-nirto- and 4- methyl-3-nitrobenzamido derivatives. In addition, they reveal appreciable DNA cleavage activities and interactions with HPV16-E7 protein receptors, esp. 3,5-dinitro- and 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzamido derivatives. Furthermore, they show potent activity against cervical cancer cells (LD50 value up to 1200 in the case of 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzamido derivative and an inhibition of a maximum of ~97% of cells). Conclusions: The simply synthesized aminoantipyrine derivatives show a variety of biological activities like antibacterial and anticancer effects. In addition, this is the first study demonstrating that 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives shows an anticonvulsant activity.
S.M. Chitra, P. Mallika, N. Anbu, R. Narayanababu, A. Sugunabai, R.S. David Paul Raj, and D. Premnath
Elsevier BV
Premnath Dhanaraj, Indiraleka Muthiah, Mahtabin Rodela Rozbu, Samiha Nuzhat, and Mosae Selvakumar Paulraj
Frontiers Media SA
The expeditious and world pandemic viral disease of new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has formed a prompt urgency to discover auspicious target-based ligand for the treatment of COVID-19. Symptoms of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) typically include dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Recent studies on many COVID-19 patients in Italy and the United Kingdom found increasing anosmia and ageusia among the COVID-19-infected patients. SARS-CoV-2 possibly infects neurons in the nasal passage and disrupts the senses of smell and taste, like other coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV that could target the central nervous system. Developing a drug based on the T2Rs might be of better understanding and worth finding better molecules to act against COVID-19. In this research, we have taken a taste receptor agonist molecule to find a better core molecule that may act as the best resource to design a drug or corresponding derivatives. Based on the computational docking studies, the antibiotic tobramycin showed the best interaction against 6LU7 COVID-19 main protease. Aromatic carbonyl functional groups of the molecule established intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with GLN189 amino acid and it showed the two strongest carbonyl interactions with receptor protein resulting in a glide score of −11.159. To conclude, depending on the molecular recognition of the GPCR proteins, the agonist molecule can be recognized to represent the cell secondary mechanism; thus, it provides enough confidence to design a suitable molecule based on the tobramycin drug.
Sivaraj Ramasamy, Dinesh Dhamecha, Kiruthiga Kaliyamoorthi, Archana Sumohan Pillai, Aleyamma Alexander, Premnath Dhanaraj, Jyothi U. Menon, and Israel V. Muthu Vijayan Enoch
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone cancer, leads to a poor survival rate of patients. Drug targeting employing hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based nanocarriers represents a fascinating choice for non-invasive treatment of osteosarcoma.
Indiraleka Muthiah, Karthikeyan Rajendran, and Premnath Dhanaraj
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Achsha Babu, M. Indiraleka, M. K. Mohan Maruga Raja, and D. Premnath
Informatics Publishing Limited
COVID-19 is a deadly serious infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, spreading widely with a rise in number of deaths every day. Because of the rapid transmission, various research domains have much responsibility to find a suitable drug or vaccine as soon as possible within a short time to save lives. Plant based chemical constituents serve as potential therapeutics against COVID-19, which is evident by current reports of screening phytochemicals against potential targets by computational techniques. Medicinal plants are used since ancient times and are known highly for their effective treatment of several infectious diseases. This review summarizes the use of medicinal plants to treat COVID-19 infection and aims to draw more attention towards investigating potent chemical constituents from medicinal plants.
A. Alqahtani, K. Chidambaram, A. Pino-Figueroa, B. Chandrasekaran, P. Dhanaraj and K. Venkatesan
OBJECTIVE
Over-expression of COX-2 has been linked with various molecular signaling such as carcinogenesis, invasiveness, and malignant tumour metastasis. Besides, the use of celecoxib is also related to lowering the risk of breast cancer. This study therefore designed to explore the synergistic inhibitory effect of the combination of curcumin and celecoxib on the growth of human breast cancer cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In our investigation, we treated MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with different concentrations of curcumin and celecoxib. The enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure the COX-2 expression levels. MDA-MB-231 growth was examined by MTS cell viability assay, and synergy detection was carried out using combination index approaches. The drug-likeliness of the tested drugs (curcumin and celecoxib) were computed and predicted ADME pharmacokinetic parameters by in silico. Further, we have conducted BOILED-Egg plot and bioavailability radar analysis for the curcumin and celecoxib.
RESULTS
The result of the physicochemical and ADMET/pharmacokinetic properties showed that these two drugs have good oral and optically bioavailable absorption. The present in silico study could offer a reliable theoretical basis for future structural modification of these compounds to treat breast cancer. The in vitro results suggested that curcumin and celecoxib individually inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The effect was synergistic for MDA-MB-231 cells relative to the two compounds individually. The synergistic growth inhibitory effect was mediated by a mechanism that possibly involves inhibition of the COX-2 pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show the prominent anti-proliferative effects of celecoxib and/or curcumin on MDA-MB-231 cells, providing a rationale for further detailed preclinical and potential clinical studies of this combination for breast cancer therapy. Further, these computed parameters suggested that curcumin possesses a high tendency to act as an adjuvant drug with celecoxib in the treatment of breast cancer.
Padmini Rajendran, Uma Maheshwari, Arun Muthukrishnan, Razia Muthuswamy, Krishnan Anand, Balasubramani Ravindran, Premnath Dhanaraj, Balasubramaninan Balamuralikrishnan, Soon Woong Chang, and Woo Jin Chung
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Zina Ravnik, Indiraleka Muthiah, and Premnath Dhanaraj
Informa UK Limited
Abstract Microbes exist in the human body provide more benefits by modulating metabolic processes, immunity, and signal transduction. However, microbial dysbiosis with harmful bacterial species can cause chronic inflammation and cancers. Hence human probiotics were recently paid more attention to immune responses, therapy, and diagnosis. Breast cancer is the second leading cancer worldwide and causes more death in women. The role of breast microbiome secondary metabolites in breast cancer is poorly studied. Research shows that breast has a specific microbiome inhabited with particular bacterial species. More significantly probiotics produced from breast microbiomes may act as a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. Hence this computational research aimed at the effect of chosen metabolites on breast cancer cell receptor G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5). The current research suggested that cadaverine, succinate, p-cresol, and its derivatives could be used as a molecular marker in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Indiraleka Muthiah, Karthikeyan Rajendran, Premnath Dhanaraj, and Sugumari Vallinayagam
Informa UK Limited
Abstract G Protein-Coupled Receptor gains more importance in cancer research; because of their key role in several physiologic functions of cells. However, most of the GPCR’s are orphan receptors, this hampers the finding of drugs against GPCR. G Protein-Coupled Receptor 116 is an adhesion orphan receptor that intensifies the invasion of cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. In this study, existing FDA approved anticancer drugs were chosen as ligands and molecular docking was performed using in silico protein model of GPR116. Molecular interaction was analyzed carefully to identify the crucial amino acids present in binding pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations study executed to verify the structural and dynamic properties of Doxorubicin–GPR116 protein complex. The results have shown that Doxorubicin, Neratinib maleate, Epirubicin, and Lapatinib Ditosylate have good interaction with GPR116 binding site. Tyrosine 195 (Y195), Cysteine 196 (C196), Argenine 197 (R197), and Tryptophan 100 (W100) are commonly found in the majority of ligand–target interaction, hence based on the computational studies selective amino acids might be crucial for functional properties. Further to confirm crucial amino acids, computational mutation studies were executed. Molecular docking analysis with mutated GPR116 disclosed that significant variation in G score compared withligand–native protein interaction. Hence, the theoretical confirmatory structural properties changes support to prove selective crucial amino acids play the significant role in ligand binding. Molecular dynamic simulation results reveal that the interaction was stable throughout the MD simulation. To the best of our prognosis, GPR116 could be the best molecular target for breast cancer drug discovery. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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