Pushpendra Singh

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Signal Processing in Biological Systems, Wireless Communication

Scopus Publications

Wavelet Based Random Noise Removal from Color Images Using Python
Devanand Bhonsle, K K Saxena, Ruhi Uzma Sheikh, Anil Kumar Sahu, Pushpendra Singh, and Tanu Rizvi
IEEE
Image de-noising is an essential field in image processing, encompassing a wide range of applications. This is pre-processing task in which unwanted noise signals are removed using different techniques. Noise are unwanted signals which deteriorate the useful information from the image. These information may be edges, ridges, contours are other fine structures. For different applications these details are important. Noise signals may contaminate the image partially or completely. It depends upon the type of noise and its level. Noise may be categories according to its characteristics. The most frequent types of noise signals encountered in image processing include Additive White Gaussian Noise, Speckle noise, salt and pepper noise, Rician noise, random noise, and more. Noise signals introduced in the images during data acquisition, transmission or due to faulty location. Additive white Gaussian noise is one of the most common noise signal which affect almost all the images in a certain extent. In this chapter we apply de-noising technique which is based on wavelet thresholding. Wavelet transform is widely recognized as one of the most popular transforms in signal and image processing. It is used in various image processing applications. Thresholding is an essential component in wavelet transform, and it is commonly classified into two types: hard thresholding and soft thresholding. In the chapter we apply soft thresholding technique which outperforms hard thresholding technique.


A general-purpose organic gel computer that learns by itself
Pathik Sahoo, Pushpendra Singh, Komal Saxena, Subrata Ghosh, R P Singh, Ryad Benosman, Jonathan P Hill, Tomonobu Nakayama, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
IOP Publishing
Abstract To build energy minimized superstructures, self-assembling molecules explore astronomical options, colliding ∼109 molecules s−1. Thus far, no computer has used it fully to optimize choices and execute advanced computational theories only by synthesizing supramolecules. To realize it, first, we remotely re-wrote the problem in a language that supramolecular synthesis comprehends. Then, all-chemical neural network synthesizes one helical nanowire for one periodic event. These nanowires self-assemble into gel fibers mapping intricate relations between periodic events in any-data-type, the output is read instantly from optical hologram. Problem-wise, self-assembling layers or neural network depth is optimized to chemically simulate theories discovering invariants for learning. Subsequently, synthesis alone solves classification, feature learning problems instantly with single shot training. Reusable gel begins general-purpose computing that would chemically invent suitable models for problem-specific unsupervised learning. Irrespective of complexity, keeping fixed computing time and power, gel promises a toxic-hardware-free world. One sentence summary: fractally coupled deep learning networks revisits Rosenblatt’s 1950s theorem on deep learning network.


How Does Microtubular Network Assists in Determining the Location of Daughter Nucleus: Electromagnetic Resonance as Key to 3D Geometric Engineering
Pushpendra Singh, Komal Saxena, Parama Dey, Pathik Sahoo, Kanad Ray, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



Amyloid-β Can Form Fractal Antenna-Like Networks Responsive to Electromagnetic Beating and Wireless Signaling
Komal Saxena, Pushpendra Singh, Parama Dey, Marielle Aulikki Wälti, Pathik Sahoo, Subrata Ghosh, Soami Daya Krishnanda, Roland Riek, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



1D to 20D Tensors Like Dodecanions and Icosanions to Model Human Cognition as Morphogenesis in the Density of Primes
Sudeshna Pramanik, Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Kanad Ray, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



Self-survival of Quantum Vibrations of a Tubulin Protein and Microtubule: Quantum Conductance and Quantum Capacitance
Komal Saxena, Pushpendra Singh, Satyajit Sahu, Subrata Ghosh, Pathik Sahoo, Soami Daya Krishnananda, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



A Third Angular Momentum of Photons
Pathik Sahoo, Pushpendra Singh, Jhimli Manna, Ravindra P. Singh, Jonathan P. Hill, Tomonobu Nakayama, Subrata Ghosh, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
MDPI AG
Photons that acquire orbital angular momentum move in a helical path and are observed as a light ring. During helical motion, if a force is applied perpendicular to the direction of motion, an additional radial angular momentum is introduced, and alternate dark spots appear on the light ring. Here, a third, centrifugal angular momentum has been added by twisting the helical path further according to the three-step hierarchical assembly of helical organic nanowires. Attaining a third angular momentum is the theoretical limit for a photon. The additional angular momentum converts the dimensionless photon to a hollow spherical photon condensate with interactive dark regions. A stream of these photon condensates can interfere like a wave or disintegrate like matter, similar to the behavior of electrons.


Topological and Optical Properties of Passeriformes’ Feathers: Biological UV Reflector Antenna
P. Singh, M. A. Jalil, P. Yupapin, J. Ali, M. A. Palomino, M. Toledo-Solano, K. Misaghian, J. Faubert, K. Ray, A. Bandyopadhyay,et al.
MDPI AG
This manuscript explores the topological and optical properties of a Passeriformes bird feather. Inside the feather, the layers of keratin and melanin are responsible for light reflection, transmission, and absorption; notably, the miniature composition of melanosome barbules plays a crucial role in its reflective properties. We adopted a multilayer interference model to investigate light propagation throughout the Passeriformes plume. As a result, we obtained all necessary simulated results, such as resonance band, efficiency, and electromagnetic radiation patterns of the Passeriformes plume, and they were verified with the experimental results reported in the literature study regarding light reflectivity through its internal geometry. Interestingly, we discovered that the interior structure of the Passeriformes plume functions similarly to a UV reflector antenna.


Polyatomic time crystals of the brain neuron extracted microtubule are projected like a hologram meters away
Komal Saxena, Pushpendra Singh, Jhimli Sarkar, Pathik Sahoo, Subrata Ghosh, Soami Daya Krishnananda, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
AIP Publishing
When a perturbed periodic oscillation dephases, the system edits it to retrieve the original clock. The inherent clock born during retrieval is the time crystal. Time crystals have been explored for five decades, and only one inherent clock was detected in biological and artificial systems. Only one type of atom is used in those time crystals, but two or more atom types would lead to multi-functional and programmable time crystals. No such concept was ever conceived. Here, we demonstrate a multi-clock time crystal or a polyatomic time crystal in the brain neuron-extracted microtubule nanowire using dielectric resonance and quantum optics experiments. Earlier, one used to artificially reset the phase of an inherent clock to find a time crystal. Instead, we map how a biomaterial spontaneously generates distinct new clocks at many time domains at a time. We observe multiple time-symmetry-breaking events at a time. Moreover, unlike conventional time crystal research, we searched for polyatomic time crystals at least 103 orders lower than the excitation frequency region. Conventional time crystals could be rejected, arguing that inherent clocks born after the breaking of time symmetry are harmonics of the external input, and such an argument will not hold for us. Moreover, quantum experiments revealed a method to synthesize and fuse distinct clocks in one hologram as a polyatomic time crystal and project it like an antenna meters away. The discovery of material-like holographic engineering of polyatomic time crystals would make them useful.


The century-old picture of a nerve spike is wrong: filaments fire, before membrane
Subrata Ghosh, Pushpendra Singh, Jhimli Manna, Komal Saxena, Pathik Sahoo, Soami Daya Krishnanda, Kanad Ray, Jonathan P. Hill, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Informa UK Limited
ABSTRACT In 1907, Lapicque proposed that an electric field passes through the neuronal membrane and transmits a signal. Subsequently, a “snake curve” or spike was used to depict the means by which a linear flat current undergoes a sudden Gaussian or Laplacian peak. This concept has been the accepted scenario for more than 115 years even appearing in textbooks on the subject. It was not noted that the membrane spike should have a cylindrical shape. A nerve spike having a dot shape on membrane surface cannot propagate through a cylindrical surface since it would dissipate instantaneously. A nerve spike should have the appearance of a ring, encompassing the diameter of a cylindrical axon or dendron. However, this subtle change has remarkable implications. Maintaining a circular form of an electric field is not easy, especially at the surface of an organic object. Here, we suggest that neuroscience could redefine itself if we accept that a nerve spike is not a localized 3D Gaussian or Laplacian wave packet, rather it is a 3D ring encompassing the diameter of a neural branch.


All Basics that Are Wrong with the Current Concept of Time Crystal: Learning from the Polyatomic Time Crystals of Protein, microtubule, and Neuron
Komal Saxena, Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Subrata Ghosh, Daya Krishnanda, Kanad Ray, Daisuke Fujita, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



Meta-Analysis of fMRI for Emotional and Cognitive States Shows Hierarchical Invariant Optimization in Brain
Anindya Pattanayak, Tanusree Dutta, Piyush Pranjal, Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Soumya Sarkar, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



Instantaneous Communication Between Cerebellum, Hypothalamus, and Hippocampus (C–H–H) During Decision-Making Process in Human Brain-III
Pushpendra Singh, Komal Saxena, Pathik Sahoo, Jhimli Sarkar, Subrata Ghosh, Kanad Ray, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



Cognitive Engineering for AI: An Octave Drawing Test for Building a Mathematical Structure of a Subconscious Mind
Anindya Pattanayak, Tanusree Dutta, Piyush Pranjal, Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Soumya Sarkar, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature Singapore



Filaments and four ordered structures inside a neuron fire a thousand times faster than the membrane: theory and experiment
Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Subrata Ghosh, Komal Saxena, Jhimli Sarkar Manna, Kanad Ray, Soami Daya Krishnananda, Roman R Poznanski, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
IMR Press
The current action potential paradigm considers that all components beneath the neuron membrane are inconsequential. Filamentary communication is less known to the ionic signal transmission; recently, we have proposed that the two are intimately linked through time domains. We modified the atom probe-connected dielectric resonance scanner to operate in two-time domains, milliseconds and microseconds simultaneously for the first time. We resonate the ions for imaging rather than neutralizing them as patch clamps do; resonant transmission images the ion flow 103 times faster than the existing methods. We revisited action potential-related events by scanning in and around the axon initial segment (AIS). Four ordered structures in the cytoskeletal filaments exchange energy ~250 μs before a neuron fires, editing spike-time-gap-key to the brain's cognition. We could stop firing above a threshold or initiate a fire by wirelessly pumping electromagnetic signals. We theoretically built AIS, whose simulated electromagnetic energy exchange matched the experiment. Thus far, the scanner could detect & link uncorrelated biological events unfolding over 106 orders in the time scale simultaneously. Our experimental findings support a new dielectric resonator model of neuron functioning in various time domains, thus suggesting the dynamic anatomy of electrical activity as information-rich.


coaxial atom probe array: Live imaging reveals hidden circuits of a hippocampal neural network
Pushpendra Singh, Komal Saxena, Pathik Sahoo, Subrata Ghosh, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
American Physiological Society
Using dielectric resonance scanner, we show electromagnetic field connections between physically separated neurons. Electromagnetic field creates field lines that pass through gap junctions, connect Axon initial segment with the dendrites through Soma, and connect axonal or dendritic branches even if there is no synaptic junction. Consequently, many distinct loops connecting various branches form coexisting circuits. Our discovery suggests that physically appearing neural circuit is a fractional view of many simultaneously operating circuits in different time domains in a neural network.


Cytoskeletal filaments deep inside a neuron are not silent: They regulate the precise timing of nerve spikes using a pair of vortices
Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Komal Saxena, Jhimli Sarkar Manna, Kanad Ray, Subrata Ghosh, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
MDPI AG
Hodgkin and Huxley showed that even if the filaments are dissolved, a neuron’s membrane alone can generate and transmit the nerve spike. Regulating the time gap between spikes is the brain’s cognitive key. However, the time modula-tion mechanism is still a mystery. By inserting a coaxial probe deep inside a neuron, we have re-peatedly shown that the filaments transmit electromagnetic signals ~200 μs before an ionic nerve spike sets in. To understand its origin, here, we mapped the electromagnetic vortex produced by a filamentary bundle deep inside a neuron, regulating the nerve spike’s electrical-ionic vortex. We used monochromatic polarized light to measure the transmitted signals beating from the internal components of a cultured neuron. A nerve spike is a 3D ring of the electric field encompassing the perimeter of a neural branch. Several such vortices flow sequentially to keep precise timing for the brain’s cognition. The filaments hold millisecond order time gaps between membrane spikes with microsecond order signaling of electromagnetic vortices. Dielectric resonance images revealed that ordered filaments inside neural branches instruct the ordered grid-like network of actin–beta-spectrin just below the membrane. That layer builds a pair of electric field vortices, which coherently activates all ion-channels in a circular area of the membrane lipid bilayer when a nerve spike propagates. When biomaterials vibrate resonantly with microwave and radio-wave, simultaneous quantum optics capture ultra-fast events in a non-demolition mode, revealing multiple correlated time-domain operations beyond the Hodgkin–Huxley paradigm. Neuron holograms pave the way to understanding the filamentary circuits of a neural network in addition to membrane circuits.


Bloch wave concept: transmission line model based on protein polarized dendrites treated as dielectric waveguide resonator
Pushpendra Singh, J. E. Lugo, J. Faubert, Kanad Ray, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Microtubules as one-dimensional crystals: Is crystal-like structure the key to the information processing of living systems?
Noemí Sanchez-Castro, Martha Alicia Palomino-Ovando, Pushpendra Singh, Satyajit Sahu, Miller Toledo-Solano, Jocelyn Faubert, J. Eduardo Lugo, Anirban Bandyopadhyay, and Kanad Ray
MDPI AG
Each tubulin protein molecule on the cylindrical surface of a microtubule, a fundamental element of the cytoskeleton, acts as a unit cell of a crystal sensor. Electromagnetic sensing enables the 2D surface of microtubule to act as a crystal or a collective electromagnetic signal processing system. We propose a model in which each tubulin dimer acts as the period of a one-dimensional crystal with effective electrical impedance related to its molecular structure. Based on the mathematical crystal theory with one-dimensional translational symmetry, we simulated the electrical transport properties of the signal across the microtubule length and compared it to our single microtubule experimental results. The agreement between theory and experiment suggests that one of the most essential components of any Eukaryotic cell acts as a one-dimensional crystal.


Em signal processing in bio-living system
Pushpendra Singh, Kanad Ray, Preecha Yupapin, Ong Chee Tiong, Jalili Ali, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Singapore



Building a non-ionic, non-electronic, non-algorithmic artificial brain: Cortex and connectome interaction in a humanoid bot subject (hbs)
Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Kanad Ray, Subrata Ghosh, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Singapore



Thermomechanism: Snake pit membrane
Pushpendra Singh, Kanad Ray, Preecha Yupapin, Ong Chee Tiong, Jalili Ali, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Singapore



Designing of UWB Monopole Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics at WiMAX/C-Band/WLAN
S. K. Vijay, M. R. Ahmad, B. H. Ahmad, S. Rawat, P. Singh, K. Ray, and A. Bandyopadhyay
Springer Singapore



A Space-Time-Topology-Prime, stTS Metric for a Self-operating Mathematical Universe Uses Dodecanion Geometric Algebra of 2-20 D Complex Vectors
Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Komal Saxena, Subrata Ghosh, Satyajit Sahu, Kanad Ray, Daisuke Fujita, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Singapore



Quaternion, Octonion to Dodecanion Manifold: Stereographic Projections from Infinity Lead to a Self-operating Mathematical Universe
Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Komal Saxena, Subrata Ghosh, Satyajit Sahu, Kanad Ray, Daisuke Fujita, and Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Springer Singapore

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Effect of cysteine supplementation in semen extender on freezability and fertility of Murrah buffalo semen
S PANWAR, AK SINGH, A KUMAR, M HONPARKHE, NS RATTA, ...
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 94 (6), 545-552 2024



Revisiting Self-Operating Mathematical Universe (SOMU) as a Theory for Artificial General Intelligence, AGI and G+ Consciousness
S Pramanik, J Sarkar, P Singh, K Ray, A Bandyopadhyay
Brain-like Super Intelligence from Bio-electromagnetism, 209-349 2024



A general-purpose organic gel computer that learns by itself
P Sahoo, P Singh, K Saxena, S Ghosh, RP Singh, R Benosman, JP Hill, ...
Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering 3 (4), 044007 2023



Dodecanogram (DDG): advancing EEG technology with a high-frequency brain activity measurement device
TDAB P. Singh, J. S. Manna, P. Dey, S. Sarkar, A. Pattanayaka, S. Nag, S ...
Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience 3 (1), 13-26 2023



An Optical Quantum Computer that Uses Both Quantum Logic Gate and Quantum Annealing
P Singh, P Sahoo, CS Yadav, L Behera, A Bandyopadhyay
International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive 2023



Inventing the Potential of a High-Frequency EEG, Namely Dodecanogram (DDG): Human Subjects’ Study
P Singh, J Sarkar, P Dey, S Sarkar, A Pattanaya, S Nag, S Pramanik, ...
International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive 2023



An Effective Way to Build a Single Photon Source: Double Ratchet Motors Use in Photon Antibunching
P Singh, J HILL, T NAKAYAMA, A BANDYOPADHYAY
MANA International Symposium 2023 2023



1D to 20D tensors like dodecanions and icosanions to model human cognition as morphogenesis in the density of primes
S Pramanik, P Singh, P Sahoo, K Ray, A Bandyopadhyay
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Trends in 2023



Self-survival of quantum vibrations of a tubulin protein and microtubule: quantum conductance and quantum capacitance
K Saxena, P Singh, S Sahu, S Ghosh, P Sahoo, SD Krishnananda, ...
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Trends in 2023



A third angular momentum of photons
P Sahoo, P Singh, J Manna, RP Singh, JP Hill, T Nakayama, S Ghosh, ...
Symmetry 15 (1), 158 2023



The century-old picture of a nerve spike is wrong: filaments fire, before membrane
S Ghosh, P Singh, J Manna, K Saxena, P Sahoo, SD Krishnanda, K Ray, ...
Communicative & Integrative Biology 15 (1), 115-120 2022



A Multiband Tree-shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communication
P Singh, K Ray, BH Ahmad, P Yupapin, A Bandyopadhyay
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 14 2022



Amyloid-β Can Form Fractal Antenna-Like Networks Responsive to Electromagnetic Beating and Wireless Signaling
K Saxena, P Singh, P Dey, MA Wlti, P Sahoo, S Ghosh, SD Krishnanda, ...
International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Health Informatics 2022



How Does Microtubular Network Assists in Determining the Location of Daughter Nucleus: Electromagnetic Resonance as Key to 3D Geometric Engineering
P Singh, K Saxena, P Dey, P Sahoo, K Ray, A Bandyopadhyay
International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Health Informatics 2022



Topological and Optical Properties of Passeriformes’ Feathers: Biological UV Reflector Antenna
ABJEL P. Singh, M. A. Jalil, P. Yupapin, J. Ali, M. A. Palomino, M. Toledo ...
Optics 3 (4), 462-472 2022



Polyatomic time crystals of the brain neuron extracted microtubule are projected like a hologram meters away
K Saxena, P Singh, J Sarkar, P Sahoo, S Ghosh, SD Krishnananda, ...
Journal of Applied Physics 132 (19) 2022



The Blade Edge-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for X Band Applications
P Singh, K Ray, BH Ahmad, P Yupapin, A Bandyopadhyay
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 14 2022



The archetypal molecular patterns of conscious experience are quantum analogs
AB J.A. Tuszynski, R. R. Poznanski , P. Singh , A. Pattanayak , L.A. Cacha ...
Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience 1 (1), 41-53 2022



Meta-analysis of fMRI for emotional and cognitive states shows hierarchical invariant optimization in brain
A Pattanayak, T Dutta, P Pranjal, P Singh, P Sahoo, S Sarkar, ...
Proceedings of Trends in Electronics and Health Informatics: TEHI 2021, 255-265 2022



All basics that are wrong with the current concept of time crystal: learning from the polyatomic time crystals of protein, microtubule, and neuron
K Saxena, P Singh, P Sahoo, S Ghosh, D Krishnanda, K Ray, D Fujita, ...
Proceedings of Trends in Electronics and Health Informatics: TEHI 2021, 243-254 2022

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Fractal, scale free electromagnetic resonance of a single brain extracted microtubule nanowire, a single tubulin protein and a single neuron
K Saxena, P Singh, P Sahoo, S Sahu, S Ghosh, K Ray, D Fujita, ...
Fractal and Fractional 4 (2), 11 2020
Citations: 53



A Self-Operating Time Crystal Model of the Human Brain: Can We Replace Entire Brain Hardware with a 3D Fractal Architecture of Clocks Alone?
DFAB Pushpendra Singh, Komal Saxena, Anup Singhania, Pathik Sahoo, Subrata ...
Information 11 (5), 238 2020
Citations: 49



Cytoskeletal Filaments Deep Inside a Neuron Are Not Silent: They Regulate the Precise Timing of Nerve Spikes Using a Pair of Vortices
AB Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Komal Saxena, Jhimli Sarkar Manna, Kanad ...
Symmetry 13 (5) 2021
Citations: 41



A brain-like computer made of time crystal: could a metric of prime alone replace a user and alleviate programming forever?
S Reddy, D Sonker, P Singh, K Saxena, S Singh, R Chhajed, S Tiwari, ...
Soft Computing Applications, 1-43 2018
Citations: 37



Quaternion, Octonion to Dodecanion Manifold: Stereographic Projections from Infinity Lead to a Self-operating Mathematical Universe
AB Pushpendra Singh, Pathik Sahoo, Komal Saxena, Subrata Ghosh, Satyajit ...
International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering 2020
Citations: 29



Electrophysiology using coaxial atom probe array: live imaging reveals hidden circuits of a hippocampal neural network
P Singh, K Saxena, P Sahoo, S Ghosh, A Bandyopadhyay
Journal of Neurophysiology 125 (6), 2107-2116 2021
Citations: 27



Analysis of sun flower shaped monopole antenna
P Singh, K Ray, S Rawat
Wireless Personal Communications 104, 881-894 2019
Citations: 25



Complete dielectric resonator model of human brain from MRI data: a journey from connectome neural branching to single protein
P Singh, K Ray, D Fujita, A Bandyopadhyay
Engineering Vibration, Communication and Information Processing: ICoEVCI 2019
Citations: 25



A space-time-topology-prime, stTS metric for a self-operating mathematical universe uses Dodecanion geometric algebra of 2-20 D complex vectors
P Singh, P Sahoo, K Saxena, S Ghosh, S Sahu, K Ray, D Fujita, ...
Proceedings of International Conference on Data Science and Applications 2021
Citations: 24



Fractal and periodical biological antennas: hidden topologies in DNA, wasps and retina in the eye
P Singh, M Ocampo, JE Lugo, R Doti, J Faubert, S Rawat, S Ghosh, K Ray, ...
Soft computing applications, 113-130 2018
Citations: 24



DNA as an electromagnetic fractal cavity resonator: its universal sensing and fractal antenna behavior
P Singh, R Doti, JE Lugo, J Faubert, S Rawat, S Ghosh, K Ray, ...
Soft Computing: Theories and Applications: Proceedings of SoCTA 2016, Volume 2018
Citations: 23



Design of nature inspired broadband microstrip patch antenna for satellite communication
P Singh, K Ray, S Rawat
Advances in Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing: Proceedings of the 2016
Citations: 17



All basics that are wrong with the current concept of time crystal: learning from the polyatomic time crystals of protein, microtubule, and neuron
K Saxena, P Singh, P Sahoo, S Ghosh, D Krishnanda, K Ray, D Fujita, ...
Proceedings of Trends in Electronics and Health Informatics: TEHI 2021, 243-254 2022
Citations: 16



Compact design of rectangular patch antenna with symmetrical U slots on partial ground for UWB applications
S Toshniwal, S Sharma, S Rawat, P Singh, K Ray
Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications: Proceedings of the 2016
Citations: 16



Filaments and four ordered structures inside a neuron fire a thousand times faster than the membrane: theory and experiment
P Singh, P Sahoo, S Ghosh, K Saxena, JS Manna, K Ray, ...
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 20 (4), 777-790 2021
Citations: 14



Biological antenna to the humanoid bot: electromagnetic resonances in biomaterials
P Singh, K Ray, A Bandyopadhyay
Springer Nature 2022
Citations: 13



Circular and elliptical shaped fractal patch antennas for multiple applications
A Garhwal, MR Ahmad, BH Ahmad, S Rawat, P Singh, K Ray, ...
International Journal of Engineering and advanced Technology (IJEAT) 8 (5 2019
Citations: 13



The century-old picture of a nerve spike is wrong: filaments fire, before membrane
S Ghosh, P Singh, J Manna, K Saxena, P Sahoo, SD Krishnanda, K Ray, ...
Communicative & Integrative Biology 15 (1), 115-120 2022
Citations: 12



Nature inspired sunflower shaped microstrip antenna for wideband performance
P Singh, K Ray, S Rawat
International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial 2016
Citations: 12



Designing of UWB monopole antenna with triple band notch characteristics at WiMAX/C-band/WLAN
SK Vijay, MR Ahmad, BH Ahmad, S Rawat, P Singh, K Ray, ...
Proceedings of International Conference on Data Science and Applications 2021
Citations: 11