Optimizing Abrasive Water Jet Parameters for Enhanced Interactivity in Metal-Stacked Hybrid Fiber Laminates Gnanasekaran K, Rajesh M, and Hariram V Turkish Journal of Engineering High strength and shock-absorbing hybrid Fibre Laminate (HFL) machining is required to get the required geometric shape and size and to test the functioning under various impact protection circumstances. The compression molding process was adopted to fabricate the HFL. Skin titanium metal and alternately interlaced durable jute and high strength Kevlar fiber. A Central Composite Design (CCD)-Response Surface Technique (RST) was used to conduct the experiments with varying abrasive water jet parameters like WP-water pressure, TS-traverse speed, SOD-stand-off distance, and AQ-abrasive quantity. The desirability optimization technique adopted to minimize the surface roughness (Ra) and kerf angle (KA). An experimental examination shows that when water jet pressure was raised to its maximum value, the Ra and KA considerably reduced by 28.69% and 8.25%, respectively. Similar to how the Ra and KR significantly reduced by an extent of 7.4% and 3.5% when the abrasive quantity was increased to its higher value. However, when SOD and TS increased, a reversal impact on Ra and KA was seen. According to surface topology study, the brittle fracture occurs with micro-chipping, and for the kevlar fiber, bulk machining.
Influencing the optimum AWJM key factors on drilling quality of biochar-interlaced glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composites: Multi-response optimisation approach KG Saravanan, S Gokulraj, M Rajesh, and S Ram Prakash SAGE Publications In recent years, the inclusion of biochar fillers in the polymer matrix has been used to enhance the mechanical, dielectric and dynamic properties of the composite. High-performance structural components are often made using polymer composites. This work focuses on the development of glass fibre interleaved almond biochar filler (ABC-5, 10 and 15%) reinforced polymer composites through a hand layup process. The machinability of the composite was then investigated in abrasive water jet machining by considering the biochar filler quantity, water pressure (WP), traverse speed (TS) and standoff distance (SOD). The kerf angle (KA) and surface roughness (SR) were used to assess the machining performance. The addition of a biochar filler in the composite increases the SR and KA quality. The machining performance of the biochar-filled composite is better when there is an increase in water pressure and a decrease in SOD and TS. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) reveals that the ABC% significantly influence the SR and KA trialed by JP. The combination of WP 200 MPa with ABC10% composite laminate results in decreased values of KA (1.09o) and SR (2.754 µm). The ideal parameters for achieving lower SR and KA are TS of 20 mm/min, 3 mm of SOD, 200 bar of WP and 10% biochar composite in combination. Moreover, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images ensure the smoothness of the surface texture at high water pressure (WP) with 10% almond biochar composite laminate, cutting and finishing are smooth. The biochar fillers reinforced in hybrid composites exhibited good surface quality, free of pullouts and fibre delamination.
AN IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION ON KERF ANGLE IN PIERCED HOLE ON INCONEL-625 SUPERALLOY USING ABRASIVE WATERJET CUTTING PROCESS M. SANTHANAKUMAR, R. VIJAYAKUMAR, R. ADALARASAN, and M. RAJESH World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd This work investigates the piercing of microholes in turbine shroud rings (Inconel-625) using the Abrasive Waterjet Cutting process. The concern with the hole piercing is the kerf angle caused by the attenuation of the jet energy and stand-off distance, which seriously impacts the processing precision of abrasive water jet piercing. The effects of piercing parameters like machining time (40, 60 and 80[Formula: see text]s), abrasive mesh size (80 mesh and 120 mesh), stand-off distance (1, 2, 3 and 4[Formula: see text]mm), abrasive jet pressure (100, 125, 150 and 175[Formula: see text]MPa) are studied to reduce the kerf angle. The kerf angle increased linearly with a stand-off distance increase at different machining times. By piercing for 60[Formula: see text]s and 80[Formula: see text]s, the lowest values of kerf angle are obtained (0.03∘ and 0.02∘). The optimum conditions for making a pierced hole with a minimum kerf angle of 0.02∘ were achieved with a machining time- of 60[Formula: see text]s, abrasive mesh size- of 20 mesh, and abrasive jet pressure- of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and visual measuring system (VMS) images are used to identify the surface characteristics in kerf zone. The features, including ploughing, particle embedment, lip impression and wear path due to the ductile mode of erosion caused by high energy impact, is also discussed.
Mechanical and vibration behavior of surface-modified titanium sheet interleaved with woven basalt/flax fiber metal laminates Ramraji Kirubakaran, Rajkumar Kaliyamoorthy, Rajesh Munusamy, and Bhaskar Annamalai Wiley AbstractIn fiber metal laminates (FMLs), the order in which fibers with different natural properties are stacked is very important for making materials that absorb vibrations and have good mechanical properties for structural applications. Hence, the present study focuses on the mechanical and vibration characteristics of FML designed with multi‐order energy‐absorbing flax fiber and high‐strength basalt fiber stacking covered with titanium sheets. The fabricated FMLs were designed with titanium/basalt fiber laminate (Ti/B), titanium/flax fiber laminate (Ti/F) and titanium/multi‐order‐flax‐basalt fiber laminate. The mechanical characteristics including tensile, flexural, and impact strength; and vibration characteristics of prepared FMLs were investigated. The higher tensile and flexural strength were revealed in an FML consisting of basalt layers (Ti/B) laminate than the flax core part (Ti/F) due to the strongness of basalt fiber, increasing the capability of load‐bearing of composites. Ti/B FML showed a maximum tensile strength and flexural strength of 412 and 450 MPa. Furthermore, flax fiber absorbs more energy, so the flax layer's inbuilt structure increases energy absorption during impact and vibration testing. Ti/F exhibits the highest impact strength (427.8 kJ/m2) and Ti/B exhibits the lowest impact strength (312.5 kJ/m2) because flax fibers are more ductile than basalt fibers, increasing the toughness of the FML. Ti/F FML structure, the greatest natural frequency of modes 1, 2, and 3 (549.03, 715.07, and 956.15 Hz) was observed. Natural fiber hybridization designed for FML, such as the Ti/B/F laminate, improved mechanical and vibration properties, making it suitable for structural applications.Highlights Fiber metal laminates were designed with titanium/flax/basalt. FMLs stacked composites significantly affect the mechanical properties. The basalt fiber, increases the capability of load‐bearing of FMLs. The damping of FMLs increases with the increase in flax fiber layers. Flax‐basalt fibers stacked FMLs produce tunable impact and vibration energy.
Parametric investigation on surface roughness and hole quality of Ti metal hybrid fibers cored laminate (MFL) during abrasive water jet drilling Munusamy Rajesh, Rajkumar Kaliyamoorthy, and Ramraji Kirubakaran SAGE Publications High-strength environment-friendly metal-fiber laminates (MFLs) are increasingly used for primary structures for various engineering applications. The surface roughness variation and delamination factor of a titanium (Ti) metal-cored basalt/flax fiber laminate were investigated during abrasive water jet drilling (AWJD). The present AWJD investigation is to establish the correlation of four important process independent variables of WJP—water jet pressure, TS—traverse speed, QMFR—abrasive mass flow rate, and SOD—stand-off distance to the delamination factor (Fd-top) and surface roughness (Ra) of drilled hole. Central composite design (CCD) of L29 orthogonal array was used to perform the experimental observations. The statistical approach (ANOVA) was employed to determine the contribution of individual AWJD parameters to drilling operation. It is identified from experimental results that the water jet pressure is the most predominant process parameter and its contribution on Fd-top and Ra were 74.28% and 72.48%, respectively. Increasing the water pressure from low (160 MPa) to its higher range (320 MPa) showed that the surface roughness and delamination factor were reduced irrespective of other drilling parameters. Increased water pressure provides enough kinetic energy for abrasive particles to facilitate a higher penetration potential during the drilling process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images show the machining-induced damages like ploughing marks, uncut fibers, ridges, craters, matrix smearing, and delamination on an abrasive water jet drilled surface of prepared MFL.
Influencing Behavior Study of Natural Almond Shell Filler on the Tensile, Thermal, and Free Vibrational Properties of Flax Fiber Intertwined Vinyl Ester Composites Ramraji Kirubakaran, Kaliyamoorthy Rajkumar, and Munusamy Rajesh Informa UK Limited ABSTRACT The structural porosity weakness of a natural flax fiber-layered polymer laminate was reduced by the spatial rearrangement of natural almond shell filler occupying preferentially porous sites between the stacking layers, improving the properties of the polymer laminate. The present work investigates the mechanical, thermal, and free vibrational behavior of composites, including surface modification and the effect of almond shell filler loading in the flax fiber intertwined composites. Alkaline treatment of natural flax fiber and almond shell filler effectively reduced the hydrophilic contents of hemicellulose, lignin, and wax without altering the cellulose nature, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. Tensile strength was 35% higher for the alkaline-treated 10% almond shell-filled composite than the untreated filler composite. However, the tensile strength decreased beyond 10% of filler loading because of the poor dispersion of fillers in the matrix. As evident in the 10% filled almond shell composite, due to stronger interaction, polymer-mixed almond fillers act as a thermal insulating layer between the flax stacks, increasing thermal stability. Alkali treatment with an almond shell of 10 wt% filled flax fiber composite exhibited a higher natural frequency (185 Hz) and damping value (0.042) due to total internal dissipation of dynamic forces.