Simulated Mars Gravity Impairs Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity via Selective Modulation of Tight Junction Components Laura Benvenuti, Chiara Bertini, Gemma Marcelli, Chiara Ippolito, Valentina Citi, et al. Biomolecules, 2026 Future long-duration human space missions will expose astronauts to chronically reduced gravitational loading, a condition associated with oxidative stress and epithelial barrier dysfunction. The intestinal epithelial barrier depends on tight junctions (TJs), yet the impact of partial gravity on TJ composition, assembly, and claudin organization remains poorly defined. Here, we show that differentiated intestinal epithelial monolayers exposed to simulated Mars gravity undergo TJ ultrastructural remodeling, characterized by loss of apical membrane “kissing points” and widening of the paracellular space, accompanied by impaired barrier function. Simulated Mars gravity also induces oxidative stress and accumulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear lipid droplets, consistent with altered membrane and lipid homeostasis. At the molecular level, simulated Mars gravity promotes selective TJ changes, with significant downregulation—but not mislocalization—of barrier-forming claudins CLDN1 and CLDN3 and the scaffolding protein ZO-1, while CLDN2, CLDN4, CLDN7, CLDN12, CLDN23, and OCLN remain unchanged. STAT3 activation, but not ERK or NF-κB signaling, may be associated with these alterations and is consistent with a stress-adaptive remodeling response to oxidative stress under simulated Mars gravity. Overall, these findings identify simulated Mars gravity as a disruptor of intestinal barrier homeostasis and highlight TJ remodeling as a target for countermeasures to preserve gut integrity during deep-space missions.
TGF-β Receptor Inhibitor SB431542 Enhanced the Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer to 5-Fluorouracil: New Combined Targeted Therapy Sara Bonomo, Roberto Giovannoni, Marialuisa Lavitrano, Massimiliano Cadamuro, Donatella Conconi International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025 Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be a major cause of cancer-related deaths globally, primarily due to resistance to standard treatments like 5-fluorouracil (5FU). The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is recognized as a key contributor to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. This work investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting TGF-β receptor I (TGFBR1) with the selective inhibitor SB431542 to enhance the effect of 5FU in GC. Analysis of public gene expression datasets revealed that increased levels of TGF-β and TGFBR1 are significantly connected with poor prognosis, particularly in high-grade GC. In vitro experiments using AGS and SNU-1 cell lines demonstrated that co-treatment with SB431542 and 5FU significantly reduced cell viability, making GC cells more sensitive to 5FU. This combination treatment led to a significant activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis, indicating an enhanced pro-apoptotic effect. These findings suggest that TGFBR1 inhibition could provide a strategic approach to reduce the dosage of 5FU, thereby minimizing its severe side effects in gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, these results underscore the potential of TGFBR1 as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target, warranting further investigation in aggressive forms of gastric cancer.
Emerging nanocarrier systems for the enhanced delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the intestine Francesca Re, Sara Pelucchi, Francesco Pettini, Antonella Prantera, Fabiola Troisi, et al. Nanomedicine, 2025 This review explores the recent advancements in nanodelivery systems designed to improve intestinal delivery, focusing on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). It outlines the challenges associated with conventional drug therapies, including poor bioavailability, systemic side effects, and nonspecific targeting, which often limit therapeutic outcomes. Nanotechnology-based delivery platforms, such as lipid-based or polymeric nanoparticles, offer promising alternatives due to their ability to enhance drug stability, enable site-specific delivery, and reduce toxicity.It highlights how these nanosystems can be engineered to respond to the unique physiological and biochemical conditions of the inflamed gut, such as pH, enzymes, and reactive oxygen species. It also discusses various strategies to achieve active targeting through ligand-receptor interactions, thereby improving the precision of drug delivery to inflamed tissues.Despite the progress, the review notes that challenges remain in translating these technologies into clinical practice. Regulatory hurdles, manufacturing scalability, long-term safety, and the complexity of disease pathogenesis continue to pose significant obstacles. Overall, nanodelivery systems targeting the intestine represent a transformative approach with the potential to significantly improve IBD and CRC management, though further research and development are essential for clinical implementation.
Combining ERAP1 silencing and entinostat therapy to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy in neuroblastoma Patrizia Tempora, Silvia D’Amico, Paula Gragera, Verena Damiani, Kamila Krol, et al. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research, 2024 Background Checkpoint immunotherapy unleashes tumor control by T cells, but it is undermined in non-immunogenic tumors, e.g. with low MHC class I expression and low neoantigen burden, such as neuroblastoma (NB). Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an enzyme that trims peptides before loading on MHC class I molecules. Inhibition of ERAP1 results in the generation of new antigens able of inducing potent anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we identify a novel non-toxic combinatorial strategy based on genetic inhibition of ERAP1 and administration of the HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) entinostat that increase the immunogenicity of NB, making it responsive to PD-1 therapy. Methods CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing was used to knockout (KO) the ERAP1 gene in 9464D NB cells derived from spontaneous tumors of TH-MYCN transgenic mice. The expression of MHC class I and PD-L1 was evaluated by flow cytometry (FC). The immunopeptidome of these cells was studied by mass spectrometry. Cocultures of splenocytes derived from 9464D bearing mice and tumor cells allowed the assessment of the effect of ERAP1 inhibition on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and activation and migration of immune cells towards ERAP1 KO cells by FC. Tumor cell killing was evaluated by Caspase 3/7 assay and flow cytometry analysis. The effect of ERAP1 inhibition on the immune content of tumors was analyzed by FC, immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence. Results We found that inhibition of ERAP1 makes 9464D cells more susceptible to immune cell-mediated killing by increasing both the recall and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Treatment with entinostat induces the expression of MHC class I and PD-L1 molecules in 9464D both in vitro and in vivo. This results in pronounced changes in the immunopeptidome induced by ERAP1 inhibition, but also restrains the growth of ERAP1 KO tumors in vivo by remodelling the tumor-infiltrating T-cell compartment. Interestingly, the absence of ERAP1 in combination with entinostat and PD-1 blockade overcomes resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy and increases host survival. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that ERAP1 inhibition combined with HDACi entinostat treatment and PD-1 blockade remodels the immune landscape of a non-immunogenic tumor such as NB, making it responsive to checkpoint immunotherapy.
Impact of thermal processing on polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid in fruit and vegetables and their cardiovascular benefits Federica Narra, Eugenia Piragine, Giada Benedetti, Costanza Ceccanti, Marta Florio, et al. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2024 Bioactive compounds in fruit and vegetables have a positive impact on human health by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and metabolic disorders. However, some fruit and vegetables must be heated before consumption and thermal processes can modify the amount of nutraceuticals, that is, polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid, that can increase or decrease in relation to different factors such as type of processing, temperature, and time but also the plant part (e.g., flower, leaf, tuber, and root) utilized as food. Another important aspect is related to the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of nutraceuticals. Indeed, the key stage of nutraceutical bioefficiency is oral bioavailability, which involves the release of nutraceuticals from fruit and vegetables in gastrointestinal fluids, the solubilization of nutraceuticals and their interaction with other components of gastrointestinal fluids, the absorption of nutraceuticals by the epithelial layer, and the chemical and biochemical transformations into epithelial cells. Several studies have shown that thermal processing can enhance the absorption of nutraceuticals from fruit and vegetable. Once absorbed, they reach the blood vessels and promote multiple biological effects (e.g., antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, vasoprotective, and cardioprotective). In this review, we described the impact of different thermal processes (such as boiling, steaming and superheated steaming, blanching, and microwaving) on the retention/degradation of bioactive compounds and their health‐promoting effects after the intake. We then summarized the impact of heating on the absorption of nutraceuticals and the biological effects promoted by natural compounds in the CV system to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential impact of thermal processing on the CV benefits of fruit and vegetables.
Electrospun Fiber-Based Tubular Structures as 3D Scaffolds to Generate In Vitro Models for Small Intestine Lorenzo Zavagna, Eligio F. Canelli, Bahareh Azimi, Fabiola Troisi, Lorenzo Scarpelli, et al. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2024 Recently, in vitro models emerge as valuable tools in biomedical research by enabling the investigation of complex physiological processes in a controlled environment, replicating some traits of interest of the biological tissues. This study focuses on the development of tubular polymeric scaffolds, made of electrospun fibers, aimed to generate three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro intestinal models resembling the lumen of the gut. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are used to produce tightly arranged ultrafine fiber meshes via electrospinning in the form of continuous tubular structures, mimicking the basement membrane on which the epithelial barrier is formed. Morphological, physical, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of the PCL and PAN tubular scaffolds are investigated. They are cultured with Caco‐2 cells using different biological coatings (i.e., collagen, gelatin, and fibrin) and their capability of promoting a compact epithelial layer is assessed. PCL and PAN scaffolds show 42% and 50% porosity, respectively, with pore diameters and size suitable to impede cell penetration, thus promoting an intestinal epithelial barrier formation. Even if both polymeric structures allow Caco‐2 cell adhesion, PAN fiber meshes best suit many requirements needed by this model, including highest mechanical strength upon expansion, porosity and piezoelectric properties, along with the lowest pore size.
Sperm-mediated gene transfer Marialuisa Lavitrano, Marco Busnelli, Maria Grazia Cerrito, Roberto Giovannoni, Stefano Manzini, et al. Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2006
Simulated Mars Gravity Impairs Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity via Selective Modulation of Tight Junction Components L Benvenuti, C Bertini, G Marcelli, C Ippolito, V Citi, R Giovannoni, ... Biomolecules 16 (5), 739 , 2026 2026
Improving the compatibility of INFOGEST digesta with intestinal epithelial models through post-digestion storage conditions F Troisi, F Narra, A Prantera, M Acciari, C Ballestracci, B Guerrucci, ... Scientific Reports , 2026 2026
Biomimetic villi-crypt scaffold-on-chip with tunable mechanical properties for intestinal epithelium modeling L Zavagna, MR Casanova, L Pierantoni, MR Carvalho, J Silva-Correia, ... Materials Today Bio, 103134 , 2026 2026
TGF-β Receptor Inhibitor SB431542 Enhanced the Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer to 5-Fluorouracil: New Combined Targeted Therapy S Bonomo, R Giovannoni, M Lavitrano, M Cadamuro, D Conconi International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26 (23), 11250 , 2025 2025
Development of a Mesothelin-Binding Engineered Scaffold Protein as a Theranostic for Pleural Mesothelioma R Silvestri, M Piccardi, A Laurenza, F Rea, AR Sirois, M Lari, F Bartoli, ... Bioconjugate Chemistry 36 (11), 2436-2447 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
The potential application of stroma modulation in targeting tumor cells: Focus on pancreatic cancer and breast cancer models G Roscigno, S Jacobs, B Toledo, R Borea, G Russo, F Pepe, MJ Serrano, ... Seminars in Cancer Biology 113, 151-175 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Emerging nanocarrier systems for the enhanced delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the intestine F Re, S Pelucchi, F Pettini, A Prantera, F Troisi, RMA Mahmoud, ... Nanomedicine 20 (13), 1549-1572 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Impact of thermal processing on polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid in fruit and vegetables and their cardiovascular benefits F Narra, E Piragine, G Benedetti, C Ceccanti, M Florio, J Spezzini, F Troisi, ... Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 23 (6), e13426 , 2024 2024 Citations: 74
Combining ERAP1 silencing and entinostat therapy to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy in neuroblastoma P Tempora, S D’Amico, P Gragera, V Damiani, K Krol, V Scaldaferri, ... Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 43 (1), 292 , 2024 2024 Citations: 19
Electrospun Fiber‐Based Tubular Structures as 3D Scaffolds to Generate In Vitro Models for Small Intestine L Zavagna, EF Canelli, B Azimi, F Troisi, L Scarpelli, T Macchi, G Gallone, ... Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 309 (10), 2400123 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Correction: A novel oncogenic BTK isoform is overexpressed in colon cancers and required for RAS-mediated transformation E Grassilli, F Pisano, A Cialdella, S Bonomo, C Missaglia, MG Cerrito, ... Oncogene 43 (22), 1726 , 2024 2024
De Novo Genome Assembly at Chromosome-Scale of Hermetia illucens (Diptera Stratiomyidae) via PacBio and Omni-C Proximity Ligation Technology S Costagli, L Abenaim, G Rosini, B Conti, R Giovannoni Insects 15 (2), 133 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Strategies for single base gene editing in an immortalized human cell line by CRISPR/Cas9 technology A Corrado, R Aceto, S Miglietta, R Silvestri, I Dell’Anno, I Lepori, B Ricci, ... 3 Biotech 14 (2), 45 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Evaluation of Fn3 as a potential carrier of cytotoxic molecules for the treatment of mesothelin overexpressing cancers F Rea, M Piccardi, R Silvestri, M Lari, F Bartoli, AR Sirois, A Tavosanis, ... EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 32, 254-254 , 2024 2024
Endothelial Effects of Simultaneous Expression of Human HO-1, E5NT, and ENTPD1 in a Mouse P Mierzejewska, N Di Marzo, MA Zabielska-Kaczorowska, I Walczak, ... Pharmaceuticals 16 (10), 1409 , 2023 2023
Current therapeutical approaches targeting lipid metabolism in NAFLD M Vitulo, E Gnodi, G Rosini, R Meneveri, R Giovannoni, D Barisani International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (16), 12748 , 2023 2023 Citations: 35
DNAM-1 chimeric receptor-engineered NK cells: a new frontier for CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy L Cifaldi, O Melaiu, R Giovannoni, M Benvenuto, C Focaccetti, D Nardozi, ... Frontiers in immunology 14, 1197053 , 2023 2023 Citations: 31
Radiation dose-escalation and dose-fractionation modulate the immune microenvironment, cancer stem cells and vasculature in experimental high-grade gliomas M Riva, R Wouters, D Nittner, J Ceusters, E Sterpin, R Giovannoni, ... Journal of neurosurgical sciences 67 (1), 55-65 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
Targeting p65BTK for treating solid cancers E Grassilli, M Cerrito, S Bonomo, R Giovannoni, D Conconi, M Lavitrano 2023
Tumor microenvironment and immune escape in the time course of glioblastoma A Virtuoso, C De Luca, G Cirillo, M Riva, G Romano, A Bentivegna, ... Molecular neurobiology 59 (11), 6857-6873 , 2022 2022 Citations: 39
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
The role of hydrogen peroxide in redox-dependent signaling: homeostatic and pathological responses in mammalian cells N Di Marzo, E Chisci, R Giovannoni Cells 7 (10), 156 , 2018 2018 Citations: 377
Efficient production by sperm-mediated gene transfer of human decay accelerating factor (hDAF) transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation M Lavitrano, ML Bacci, M Forni, D Lazzereschi, C Di Stefano, D Fioretti, ... Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (22), 14230-14235 , 2002 2002 Citations: 289
Sperm-mediated gene transfer M Lavitrano, M Busnelli, MG Cerrito, R Giovannoni, S Manzini, A Vargiolu Reproduction, fertility and development 18 (2), 19-23 , 2005 2005 Citations: 201
CD73 regulates stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer-initiating cells M Lupia, F Angiolini, G Bertalot, S Freddi, KF Sachsenmeier, E Chisci, ... Stem cell reports 10 (4), 1412-1425 , 2018 2018 Citations: 150
Resveratrol impairs glioma stem cells proliferation and motility by modulating the Wnt signaling pathway C Cilibrasi, G Riva, G Romano, M Cadamuro, R Bazzoni, V Butta, ... PLoS One 12 (1), e0169854 , 2017 2017 Citations: 150
AAV-mediated photoreceptor transduction of the pig cone-enriched retina C Mussolino, M Della Corte, S Rossi, F Viola, U Di Vicino, E Marrocco, ... Gene Therapy 18 (7), 637-645 , 2011 2011 Citations: 145
Genetically modified pigs produced with a nonviral episomal vector S Manzini, A Vargiolu, IM Stehle, ML Bacci, MG Cerrito, R Giovannoni, ... Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (47), 17672-17677 , 2006 2006 Citations: 137
Carbon monoxide improves cardiac energetics and safeguards the heart during reperfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass in pigs M Lavitrano, RT Smolenski, A Musumeci, M Maccherini, E Slominska, ... The FASEB journal 18 (10), 1093-1095 , 2004 2004 Citations: 137
Multi‐transgenic pigs expressing three fluorescent proteins produced with high efficiency by sperm mediated gene transfer NL Webster, M Forni, ML Bacci, R Giovannoni, R Razzini, P Fantinati, ... Molecular Reproduction and Development: Incorporating Gamete Research 72 (1 … , 2005 2005 Citations: 124
Inhibition of GSK3B bypass drug resistance of p53-null colon carcinomas by enabling necroptosis in response to chemotherapy E Grassilli, R Narloch, E Federzoni, L Ianzano, F Pisano, R Giovannoni, ... Clinical Cancer Research 19 (14), 3820-3831 , 2013 2013 Citations: 107
Dual control of neurogenesis by PC3 through cell cycle inhibition and induction of Math1 D Canzoniere, S Farioli-Vecchioli, F Conti, MT Ciotti, AM Tata, ... Journal of Neuroscience 24 (13), 3355-3369 , 2004 2004 Citations: 104
The glioblastoma microenvironment: morphology, metabolism, and molecular signature of glial dynamics to discover metabolic rewiring sequence A Virtuoso, R Giovannoni, C De Luca, F Gargano, M Cerasuolo, N Maggio, ... International journal of molecular sciences 22 (7), 3301 , 2021 2021 Citations: 94
News on immune checkpoint inhibitors as immunotherapy strategies in adult and pediatric solid tumors O Melaiu, V Lucarini, R Giovannoni, D Fruci, F Gemignani Seminars in cancer biology 79, 18-43 , 2022 2022 Citations: 83
A novel oncogenic BTK isoform is overexpressed in colon cancers and required for RAS-mediated transformation E Grassilli, F Pisano, A Cialdella, S Bonomo, C Missaglia, MG Cerrito, ... Oncogene 35 (33), 4368-4378 , 2016 2016 Citations: 81
The TGF-β pathway is activated by 5-fluorouracil treatment in drug resistant colorectal carcinoma cells G Romano, L Santi, MR Bianco, MR Giuffrè, M Pettinato, C Bugarin, ... Oncotarget 7 (16), 22077 , 2016 2016 Citations: 76
Impact of thermal processing on polyphenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, and ascorbic acid in fruit and vegetables and their cardiovascular benefits F Narra, E Piragine, G Benedetti, C Ceccanti, M Florio, J Spezzini, F Troisi, ... Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 23 (6), e13426 , 2024 2024 Citations: 74
A functional biological network centered on XRCC3: a new possible marker of chemoradiotherapy resistance in rectal cancer patients M Agostini, A Zangrando, C Pastrello, E D'Angelo, G Romano, ... Cancer biology & therapy 16 (8), 1160-1171 , 2015 2015 Citations: 69
SCN4A mutation as modifying factor of myotonic dystrophy type 2 phenotype E Bugiardini, I Rivolta, A Binda, AS Caminero, F Cirillo, A Cinti, ... Neuromuscular disorders 25 (4), 301-307 , 2015 2015 Citations: 61
Magnetic tweezers measurements of the nanomechanical stability of DNA against denaturation at various conditions of pH and ionic strength A Tempestini, V Cassina, D Brogioli, R Ziano, S Erba, R Giovannoni, ... Nucleic acids research 41 (3), 2009-2019 , 2013 2013 Citations: 56
HDL therapy today: from atherosclerosis, to stent compatibility to heart failure CR Sirtori, M Ruscica, L Calabresi, G Chiesa, R Giovannoni, JJ Badimon Annals of medicine 51 (7-8), 345-359 , 2019 2019 Citations: 49